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1 Have Questions? Type them into questions box! Why am I muted? Don t worry. Everyone is muted except the presenter and host. Thank you and enjoy the show. Contact ACS Webinars at acswebinars@acs.org 1 Join a global community of over 150,000 chemistry professionals Find the many benefits of ACS membership! 2 1

2 Benefits of ACS Membership Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) The preeminent weekly digital and print news source. NEW! ACS SciFinder ACS Members receive 25 complimentary SciFinder research activities per year. NEW! ACS Career Navigator Your source for leadership development, professional education, career services, and much more. @AmericanChemicalSociety Contact ACS Webinars at acswebinars@acs.org 4 2

3 Celebrating Its 1 st Anniversary! Editor-in-Chief: Joel D. Blum eic@earthspacechem.acs.org Journal Scope The scope of ACS Earth and Space Chemistry includes the application of analytical, experimental and theoretical chemistry to investigate research questions relevant to the Earth and Space. The journal publishes broadly in the domains of high- and low-temperature geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, marine chemistry, planetary chemistry, astrochemistry, and analytical geochemistry. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry publishes Articles, Letters, Reviews, and Features to provide flexible formats to readily communicate all aspects of research in these fields. Among the areas the journal covers are: Space Chemistry of planetary atmospheres and surfaces Investigations of meteorites and tektites Properties of cometary and interstellar materials Spectroscopy and chemistry of stars, interstellar clouds, and planetary formation Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of [Mg,C,N,O] Isomers: Plausible Astronomical Molecules em.7b00019 Editor s Choice Open Access! 5 Join one of the most interdisciplinary fields of modern science! Water in the Universe 258th National Meeting, San Diego, CA, August 2019 Water at cosmic distances Water in the interstellar medium (from diffuse to dense molecular clouds) Water and associated volatiles in protoplanetary disks (snow lines, planetesimal and planet formation) Water and associated volatiles in the solar system and debris disks (comets, icy satellites, meteorites) Water in exoplanetary systems Water and associated volatile delivery to young, rocky planets Spread throughout all sessions Ab initio theory, chemical modeling, and laboratory astrophysics studies of the water and water-rich ices Astrochem Student Opportunities For students interested in contacting astrochemistry practitioners, this is a (ever-changing) listing of academic faculty and NASA researchers who work in the field

4 This ACS Webinar was quick, concise, to the point and as a result very helpful to me. I need to be reminded how best to use PowerPoint since it tends to take over my presentations in many ways. Michael Webb Associate Specialist, UC-Davis Genome Center Be a featured fan on an upcoming webinar! Write to acswebinars@acs.org 7 Learn from the best and brightest minds in chemistry! Hundreds of webinars on diverse topics presented by experts in the chemical sciences and enterprise. Recordings are an exclusive ACS member benefit and are made available to registrants via an invitation once the recording has been edited and posted. Live Broadcasts of ACS Webinars continue to be available to the general public every Thursday from 2-3pm ET! 8 4

5 An individual development planning tool for you! ChemIDP.org 9 What is ACS on Campus? ACS visits campuses across the world offering FREE seminars on how to be published, find a job, network and use essential tools like SciFinder. ACS on Campus presents seminars and workshops focused on how to:

6 Upcoming ACS Webinars Thursday, November 8, Midterm Election Results: What It Could Mean for Chemistry Co-produced with ACS External Affairs & Communications Experts Ben Pershing National Journal Anthony Pitagno American Chemical Society Thursday, November 15, 2018 Coffee: A Chemical and Physical Perspective Co-produced with the ACS Division of Agricultural & Food Chemistry Experts Christopher Hendon University of Oregon Brian Guthrie Cargill Contact ACS Webinars at acswebinars@acs.org 10 T H I S A C S W E B I N A R W I L L B E G I N S H O R T L Y... 6

7 An Evolutionary Mystery: Mirror Asymmetry in Life and in Space Ryan Fortenberry Assistant Professor of Physical Chemistry, the University of Mississippi and Chair-Elect ACS Astrochemistry Brett McGuire NRAO Hubble Fellow, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Slides available now! Recordings are an exclusive ACS member benefit. This ACS Webinar is co-produced with the ACS Subdivision of Astrochemistry 13 Mirror Asymmetry In Life and In Space Brett A. McGuire NRAO Hubble Fellow Brandon Carroll Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 7

8 A S T R O C H E M I S T R Y - M Y D E F I N I T I O N AS TRO CHEM IS TRY / astrō kemǝstrē / (n) the study of molecules in space - where they are, how they got there, and what they are doing 15 A S T R O C H E M I S T R Y - A M O L E C U L A R H I S T O R Y First Stars Born First Stars Die Heavy Element Synthesis Stellar Nursery Big Bang H, He Fiery Cataclysm (Whomp whomp) New Stars Life! (Awww) Planet Formation Chemical Delivery 16 8

9 B U I L D I N G A B R I D G E Astrochemistry Evolutionary Biology Images: Frits Ahlefeldt, Warren Photographic 17 F U N D A M E N T A L Q U E S T I O N O F A S T R O C H E M I S T R Y How do you make a cat from H and He? 18 9

10 T H E S A M E, B U T D I F F E R E N T 19 T H E S A M E, B U T D I F F E R E N T 20 10

11 T H E S A M E, B U T D I F F E R E N T Chirality kaɪˈrælɪti χειρ (kheir) - hand 21 T H E S A M E, B U T D I F F E R E N T H H C C Br Cl Cl Br F F = out of the plane = into the plane 22 11

12 T H E S A M E, B U T D I F F E R E N T Enantiomer əˈnantēōmər Br H C Cl Cl H C Br F F ἐνάντιος (enántios) - opposite μέρος (méros) - part Left (levorotory) L (sinister) S Right D (dextrorotory) R (rectus) 23 T H E S A M E H H Br C Cl Cl C Br F F Same atoms, bonds Same melting/boiling/freezing points Same spectra Same bones, tendons Same melting/boiling/freezing points Same shadow 24 12

13 Saying that two enantiomers have the same spectra is not exactly true. What phenomenon detected by spectroscopy should cause small energy shifts in the energy levels of these molecules? Parity Violation Spectra Deception Nuclear Hyperfine Splittings Circular Dichroism Isomorphic Polarity Inversion L E T S S H A K E H A N D S 26 13

14 B U T D I F F E R E N T H H Br C Cl Cl C Br F F 27 B U T D I F F E R E N T Carvone Caraway Spearmint 28 14

15 A N D I N B I O L O G Y 29 A N D I N B I O L O G Y Homochirality All life on Earth uses only a single enantiomer of amino acids, sugars, and other biomolecules 30 15

16 H O M O C H I R A L I T Y 31 H O M O C H I R A L I T Y How and when did homochirality arise? 32 16

17 H O M O C H I R A L I T Y Random Chance? Chiral Mineral Catalysts? 33 H O M O C H I R A L I T Y Murchison 28 September

18 E X T R A T E R R E S T R I A L O R I G I N S Enantiomeric Excesses in Meteoritic Amino Acids John R. Cronin and Sandra Pizzarello A few amino acids show excess of L by almost 10% But why? What is the mechanism? 35 O R I G I N S O F H O M O C H I R A L I T Y 36 18

19 O R I G I N S O F H O M O C H I R A L I T Y L-alanine D-alanine 37 O R I G I N S O F H O M O C H I R A L I T Y 38 19

20 Selective O R I G I destruction N S O F H O M Oof C one H I R Aenantiomer L I T Y via circularly-polarized UV radiation MODICA ET AL. 2014, THEASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 788, I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E 2 Atoms H2 AlF AlCl C2 CH CH + CN CO CO + CP SiC HCl KCl NH NO NS NaCl OH PN SO SO + SiN SiO SiS CS HF HD FeO O2 CF + SiH PO AlO OH + CN - SH + SH HCl + TiO ArH + N2 NO + NS + 3 Atoms C3 C2H C2O C2S CH2 HCN HCO HCO + HCS + HOC + H2O H2S HNC HNO MgCN MgNC N2H + N2O NaCN OCS SO2 c-sic2 CO2 NH2 H3 + SiCN AlNC SiNC HCP CCP AlOH H2O + H2Cl + KCN FeCN HO2 TiO2 C2N Si2C HS2 NCO HSC HCS c-c3h l-c3h C3N C3O C3S C2H2 4 Atoms NH3 HCCN HCNH + HNCO HNCS HOCO + H2CO H2CN H2CS H3O + c-sic3 CH3 C3N - PH3 HCNO HOCN HSCN H2O2 C3H + HMgNC HCCO CNCN 5 Atoms C5 C4H C4Si l-c3h2 c-c3h2 H2CCN CH4 HC3N HC2NC HCOOH H2CNH H2C2O H2NCN HNC3 SiH4 H2COH + C4H - HC(O)CN HNCNH CH3O NH4 + H2NCO + NCCNH + CH3Cl H2NCO + 6 Atoms C5H l-h2c4 C3H4 CH3CN CH3NC CH3OH CH3SH HC3NH + HC2CHO NH2CHO C5N l-hc4h l-hc4n c-h2c3o H2CCNH C5N - HNCHCN SiH3CN 7 Atoms C6H CH2CHCN CH3C2H HC5N CH3CHO CH3NH2 c-c2h4o H2CCHOH C6H - CH3NCO HC5O 8 Atoms CH3C3N HC(O)OCH3 CH3COOH C7H C6H2 CH2OHCHO l-hc6h CH2CHCHO CH2CCHCN H2NCH2CN CH3CHNH CH3SiH3 10 Atoms CH3C5N (CH3)2CO (CH2OH)2 CH3CH2CHO CH3CHCH2O CH3OCH2OH 12 Atoms c-c6h6 C2H5OCH3 n-c3h7cn i-c3h7cn 9 Atoms CH3C4H CH3CH2CN (CH3)2O CH3CH2OH HC7N C8H CH3C(O)NH2 C8H - C3H6 CH3CH2SH CH3NHCHO HC7O 11 Atoms HC9N CH3C6H C2H5OCHO CH3OC(O)CH3 >12 Atoms c-c6h5cn C60 C60 + C

21 I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E 1,2-propanediol propylene oxide glyceraldehyde 41 I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E 1,2-propanediol propylene oxide glyceraldehyde 42 21

22 I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E propylene oxide propylene oxide 43 I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E Sgr B2(N) Brandon Carroll Kona Lake Waiau Photo Credit: Me! 44 22

23 The center of our galaxy is about how far away? 25 Lightyears 250 Lightyears 2,500 Lightyears 25,000 Lightyears 250,000 Lightyears * 1 Lightyear is about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.5 trillion km. (Multiply the number of seconds in one year by the number of miles or kilometers that light travels in one second, and there you have it: one light-year.) I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E Green Bank Telescope Photo Credit: Me! 46 23

24 I N S E A R C H O F A C H I R A L M O L E C U L E Green Bank Telescope Photo Credit: Me! Parkes Telescope 47 E N A N T I O M E R I C E X C E S S? 48 24

25 E N A N T I O M E R I C E X C E S S? 49 E N A N T I O M E R I C E X C E S S? Brooks Pate UVa Chemistry 50 25

26 C I R C U L A R D I C H R O I S M % Stopped (Exaggerated) L-thread R-thread L-thread L-thread 51 E N A N T I O M E R I C E X C E S S? 52 26

27 How much weaker is a circular dichroism signal expected to be in rotational vs. vibrational transitions in the infrared? About a quarter About half About a factor of 2 A few orders of magnitude Trick question - rotational circular dichroism is not possible Selective O R I G Idestruction N S O F H O M Oof C one H I R Aenantiomer L I T Y via circularly-polarized UV radiation HDO Data: McGuire et al Image: B. Saxton (NRAO) Brandon Carroll Harvard-Smithsonian CfA 54 27

28 I N T E R S T E L L A R E N A N T I O M E R I C E X C E S S? We re at the start of a long journey but we re in the best position we could possibly be. Thanks Also To: Ian Finneran, Ryan Loomis, Phil Jewell, Geoff Blake NASA ASTROBIOLOGY INSTITUTE 55 An Evolutionary Mystery: Mirror Asymmetry in Life and in Space Ryan Fortenberry Assistant Professor of Physical Chemistry, the University of Mississippi and Chair-Elect ACS Astrochemistry Brett McGuire NRAO Hubble Fellow, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Slides available now! Recordings are an exclusive ACS member benefit. This ACS Webinar is co-produced with the ACS Subdivision of Astrochemistry 56 28

29 Upcoming ACS Webinars Thursday, November 8, Midterm Election Results: What It Could Mean for Chemistry Co-produced with ACS External Affairs & Communications Experts Ben Pershing National Journal Anthony Pitagno American Chemical Society Thursday, November 15, 2018 Coffee: A Chemical and Physical Perspective Co-produced with the ACS Division of Agricultural & Food Chemistry Experts Christopher Hendon University of Oregon Brian Guthrie Cargill Contact ACS Webinars at acswebinars@acs.org 57 Join one of the most interdisciplinary fields of modern science! Water in the Universe 258th National Meeting, San Diego, CA, August 2019 Water at cosmic distances Water in the interstellar medium (from diffuse to dense molecular clouds) Water and associated volatiles in protoplanetary disks (snow lines, planetesimal and planet formation) Water and associated volatiles in the solar system and debris disks (comets, icy satellites, meteorites) Water in exoplanetary systems Water and associated volatile delivery to young, rocky planets Spread throughout all sessions Ab initio theory, chemical modeling, and laboratory astrophysics studies of the water and water-rich ices Astrochem Student Opportunities For students interested in contacting astrochemistry practitioners, this is a (ever-changing) listing of academic faculty and NASA researchers who work in the field

30 An Evolutionary Mystery: Mirror Asymmetry in Life and in Space Ryan Fortenberry Assistant Professor of Physical Chemistry, the University of Mississippi and Chair-Elect ACS Astrochemistry Brett McGuire NRAO Hubble Fellow, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Slides available now! Recordings are an exclusive ACS member benefit. This ACS Webinar is co-produced with the ACS Subdivision of Astrochemistry 59 This ACS Webinar was quick, concise, to the point and as a result very helpful to me. I need to be reminded how best to use PowerPoint since it tends to take over my presentations in many ways. Michael Webb Associate Specialist, UC-Davis Genome Center Be a featured fan on an upcoming webinar! Write to acswebinars@acs.org 60 30

31 @AmericanChemicalSociety Contact ACS Webinars at 61 Benefits of ACS Membership Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) The preeminent weekly digital and print news source. NEW! ACS SciFinder ACS Members receive 25 complimentary SciFinder research activities per year. NEW! ACS Career Navigator Your source for leadership development, professional education, career services, and much more

32 ACS Webinars does not endorse any products or services. The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the American Chemical Society. Contact ACS Webinars at 63 Upcoming ACS Webinars Thursday, November 8, Midterm Election Results: What It Could Mean for Chemistry Co-produced with ACS External Affairs & Communications Experts Ben Pershing National Journal Anthony Pitagno American Chemical Society Thursday, November 15, 2018 Coffee: A Chemical and Physical Perspective Co-produced with the ACS Division of Agricultural & Food Chemistry Experts Christopher Hendon University of Oregon Brian Guthrie Cargill Contact ACS Webinars at acswebinars@acs.org 64 32