Café com Física São Carlos, 07 th of August/2013. Gregório Couto Faria São Carlos Physics Institute University of São Paulo/Brazil
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1 Café com Física São Carlos, 07 th of August/2013 Gregório Couto Faria São Carlos Physics Institute University of São Paulo/Brazil
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9 Organic Bioelectronics: Optic Nerve Replace Retina by P3HT/PCBM:
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11 Safer: Highly toxic organic solvents for solution and synthesis ; Possibility of usage of heteroatom: Se, S, P. S S N N N N Acids are used during synthesis K 2 CO 3, Pd(Ph 3 P) 4 Br M-2 Br Toluene/ H 2 O, 85 o C O O O O n PFeBT O B O O B O Br Se N N M-3 Br K 2 CO 3, Pd(Ph 3 P) 4 Toluene/ H 2 O, 85 o C O O O O Se N N n PFeBSe
12 Cheaper : It is not the price!!! But it initially was 2009: Average price for silicon photovoltaic: 450 /kg!
13 Cheaper : It is not the price!!! But it initially was 2012 China dropped the price to 20 /kg.
14 Yes, OE still presenting great advantages 1) Solution processing: Ease and priceless deposition methods.
15 Yes, OE still presenting great advantages 1) Solution processing: Ease and priceless deposition methods. 2) Flexible Application: Deposition on flexible substrates.
16 Yes, OE still presenting great advantages 1) Solution processing: Ease and priceless deposition methods. 2) Flexible Application: Deposition on flexible substrates. 3) Large area devices: Illumination panel/large area photovoltaic.
17 Yes, OE still presenting great advantages 1) Solution processing: Ease and priceless deposition methods. 2) Flexible Application: Deposition on flexible substrates. 3) Large area devices: Illumination panel/large area photovoltaic. 4) Transparent materials: Windows-lighting application. Yes, OE deserves attention!
18 Origin of bonding and anti-bonding orbital: 6 ev
19 Conjugated systems sp 2 Hybridization
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21 Overview of recent results obtained at Bernhard Gross Polymer Group
22 Al thermal evaporation Exfoliation by modified Hummer s method: - Graphite (powder) in KMnO 4 /H 2 SO 4 (70 nm, under vacuum) GO spray deposition Al thermal evaporation (70 nm, under vacuum) *Lucas Mouta I (A) I (A) Read "0" Read "1" ON / OFF Ratio *Bruno Torres V (V) 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 V (V) 0
23 Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Gate Insulator Source Semiconductor Substrate Drain *Josiani Stefanelo
24 I D ( A) 0,2 0,1 0,0-0,1-0,2 V G = 0 V V G = -40 V V D (V) I D (A) 10-6 V D (V) V G (V) on/off ratio μ sat (cm 2 /V.s) Leakage current Spin casting 94 3,6 x *Josiani Stefanelo Inkjet 570 6,5 x
25 How to get white emission? 1) Blending polymer emitting at different colors: Drawback: Right amount of each/learning by doing. Phase separation...
26 How to get white emission? 1) Blending polymer emitting at different colors: Drawback: Right amount of each/learning by doing. Phase separation... 2) Using single device stack with multicolor emitting layers: Drawback: Previously deposited layers are dissolved by subsequent ones!
27 How to get white emission? 1) Blending polymer emitting at different colors: Drawback: Right amount of each/learning by doing. Phase separation... 2) Using single device stack with multicolor emitting layers: Drawback: Previously deposited layers are dissolved by subsequent ones! 3) Synthetizing single molecules that exhibits white emission! Drawback: Extremely challenging!
28 Greenish EL-polymer PFP Red PL-polymer MDMO *Fernando Quites
29 *Fernando Quites
30 Café com Física São Carlos, 07 th of August/2013 Gregório C. Faria (1,2), Eduardo R. deazevedo (1) and Heinz von Seggern (2) (1) São Carlos Physics Institute University of São Paulo/Brazil (2) Institute of Material Science Darmstadt University of Technology/Germany
31 How does CELIV work? Dispersiveness Parameter:
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33 Full Photo-CELIV response: Extracted Current ( j): Dispersiveness Parameter:
34 Mobility vs. Temperature: Kinks and modulations Is it real? Move to standard techniques
35 Modeling
36 Remarkable similarity Mobility vs. Temperature: Kinks and modulations Why??
37 Polymer Materials has mobile segments: Rich and Unstable Strongly affect its Electrical and Optical Properties
38 Static 1 H NMR Experiment Line Shape Analysis Colaboração: Prof. Eduardo Ribeiro de Azevêdo RMN/IFSC
39 DIPSHIFT Exchange Methods
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41 How is this? Trap Controlled Hopping Hopping is impeded by deep traps
42 How is this? Shallower traps. Trap Controlled Hopping Structural/Motional Detrapping (regime)
43 How is this? Hopping occurs free of traps. Structural/Motional detrapping (regime)
44 Two main relaxation processes: ~ 210 K (β-relaxation) and ~370 K (glass transition); β-relaxation: Side Chain Relaxation/ Glass transition: Main Chain Relaxation Electrical Measurements: strongly influenced by relaxations and crystallization. Interpretation: trapping and detrapping mechanism together with molecular dynamics structural/motional detrapping.
45 Molecular Relaxation detected electrically!! b Relaxation: ~ 210 Kelvins a Relaxation: ~ 380 Kelvins
46 Also, it is very common into the literature: Decided to analyze such futures with more details.
47 Poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) F8BT Well known material! We want to measure mobility: 4 µm films obtained by Simple Cast Time of Flight Measurements!
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49 Excitation: 9 ns pulsed laser - λ = 470 nm; Mobility of Holes; E = 0.7 MV/cm
50 Excitation: 9 ns pulsed laser - λ = 470 nm;
51 Are those characteristics due to molecular relaxation/structural transition?
52 Nice correlations with DSC results:
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54 . j V n Electrical Transport in Solids. With particular reference to organic semiconductors. By K. C. Kao and W. Hwang. σ : Width of the DOS H d : the trap density m = 1 + 2πσ2 16k 2 T 2 1/2 The SCLC regime can be modeled quite well assuming a Gaussian distribution of traps within the forbidden band. J = q 1 m μ p N v 2m + 1 m + 1 m+1 m εε 0 m + 1 H d m V m+1 L 2m+1
55 b Relaxation: Detrapping assisted by the side chain motion!
56 Glass transition: Plateauing of the DOS and Trap-Density increasing! Increasing torsion of the backbone due to T g - New trap states!
57 Crystal-to-Crystal: Fast broadening of the DOS widths; and decreasing of the density of traps. Increasing of crystalline portion: Interface crystal/amorphous broaden the DOS.
58 200 nm 4 µm
59 200 nm 4 µm
60 Faria G.C; deazevedo, E. R.; Seggern, H; - Accepted at Macromolecules, 2013
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