1. General Experiments... S2. 2. Synthesis and Experiments... S2 S3. 3. X-Ray Crystal Structures... S4 S8

Transcription

1 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Dalton Transactions. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information Gate-Opening upon CO 2 Adsorption on a Metal Organic Framework That Mimics a Natural Stimuli-Response System Tien-Wen Tseng,* a Li-Wei Lee, b Tzuoo-Tsair Luo, a Po-Hsiu Chien, c Yen-Hsiang Liu,* c Sheng-Long Lee, d Chih-Min Wang e and Kuang-Lieh Lu* b a Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan Fax: ; f10403@ntut.edu.tw b Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Fax: ; kuanglieh@gmail.com c Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; chem2022@mails.fju.edu.tw d Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan e Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan. 1. General Experiments..... S2 2. Synthesis and Experiments S2 S3 3. X-Ray Crystal Structures..... S4 S8 4. Characterization of FT IR, PXRD and TGA... S9 S12 5. The adsorption and desorption of CO S13 S14 6. Tables S1 S S15 S16 1

2 1. General Experiments All reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received without further purification. 2,4,5-Tri(4-pyridyl)-imidazole (Htpim) was prepared according to the literature method. Infrared spectra were recorded from KBr pellets in the cm 1 range on a Perkin-Elmer Paragon 1000 FT-IR spectrometer. Elemental analyses were performed using a Perkin-Elmer 2400 CHN elemental analyzer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed under nitrogen with a Perkin-Elmer TGA-7 TG analyzer. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were recorded on a Bruker D8 Advance X- ray diffractmeter at 40 kv, 40 ma for Cu Kα radiation (λ = Å). 2. Synthesis and Experiments 2.1 Preparation of {[Zn 2 (Htpim) 2 (D-cam) 2 ] 10H 2 O} n (1). A mixture of Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 2H 2 O (33.1 mg, mmol), 2,4,5-Tri(4-pyridyl)-imidazole (Htpim, 30.2 mg, mmol), D-H 2 cam (20.2 mg, mmol) and H 2 O (8.0 ml) was sealed in a Teflon-lined Parr acid digestion bomb and heated at 120 C for 3 days. After slowly cooled down to room temperature at a rate 2 C/h. Colorless crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with water and ethanol, and dried in air. Yield: 38.5% (50.8 mg, based on Htpim). FT-IR (KBr pellets, cm 1 ): 3416 (s), 3109 (m), 2968 (m), 1621 (s), 1602 (s), 1583 (s), 1449 (m), 1426 (m), 1382 (s), 1362 (s), 1221 (m), 1126 (w), 1069 (w), 1028 (m), 999 (w), 974 (w), 844 (m), 746 (m), 701 (m), 683 (m), 614 (w), 512 (m). Elemental Analysis Calcd (%) for C 112 H 148 Zn 4 N 20 O 36 : C, 51.54; H, 5.63; N, 10.73; Found: C, 51.24; H, 5.56; N, Single-Crystal X-ray Crystallography Analyses. Diffraction measurements for compound 1 were carried out using a Brucker Nonius Kappa CCD diffractometer with grapthite-monochromated Mo Kα radiation (λ = Å). Absorption correction was S2

3 applied by the SADABS program. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined against F 2 by the full-matrix least-squares technique, using the WINGX, [S1] PLATON, [S2] and SHELX [S3] software packages. Non-hydrogen atoms were refined with independent anisotropic displacement parameters. The hydrogen atoms attached to carbon and nitrogen atoms were generated geometrically, while attached to the imidazole nitrogen atoms were located from difference Fourier maps. The hydrogen atoms attached to guest water were located from difference Fourier maps, and refined isotropically. The crystal data and structure refinement results are listed in Table S1, and the selected bond lengths and angles are given in Table S2. References [S1] L. J. Farrugia, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 1999, 32, [S2] A. L. Spek, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2003, 36, [S3] G. M. Sheldrick, A Short History of SHELX, Acta Cryst., 2008, A64, Gas Adsorption Measurements Gas adsorption isotherms were measured by a volumetric method using a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument. The gas adsorption measurements of N 2 and H 2 were performed at 77K (N 2 and H 2 ). The gas isotherms of CO 2 were recorded at 195 K, 273 K, 278 K, 283 K, 288 K, 293 K, and 298 K, respectively. The high-pressure gas adsorption isotherms were investigated with a thermo D110 balance in the high-pressure installation using carbon dioxide as adsorbates at 298 K. All gases used were of % purity. S3

4 3. X-Ray Crystal Structures Fig. S1 The coordination environments of the Zn atoms in 1. All hydrogen atoms were omitted for clarity. Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: (D) x + 1, y, z + 1; (E) x + 2, y + 1/2, z + 2; (F) x + 1, y + 1/2, z + 1. Fig. S2 The perspective view of a left-handed chain with [Zn(D-cam)] n in 1. The α-methyl groups of D-cam 2 ligands are highlighted by green ball. Fig. S3 The perspective view of a left-handed chain with [{Zn(Htpim)} 2+ ] n in 1 with a long screw-pitch of 22.93(23) Å along the b-axis. S4

5 Fig. S4 A perspective view of a 2D protuberant-grid-type network of 1 with a (4,4) topology. Fig. S5 Showing a protuberant network of 1. S5

6 Fig. S6 Space-filling representation of 1 showing a 2D protuberant-grid-type network. (a) (b) Fig. S7 Space-filling model of 1 showing a 2D puckered sheet on each other forming an AAA packing: (a) along the c axis, (b) along the b axis. S6

7 Fig. S8 A space-filling model of a 2D puckered sheet of 1. S7

8 (a) (b) Fig. S9 The 3D supramolecular framework with 1D channels filled with many water molecules in a staircase-like water chain: (a) along the a-axis, (b) along the b-axis. Fig. S10 The host and pore surface structures of 1. Guest water molecules are omitted for clarity. S8

9 4. Characterization of FT IR, PXRD and TGA Fig. S11 IR spectrum of 1. Fig. S12 Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of 1 (in black) and the dehydrated sample of 1 (in red) in temperature range from 30 to 900 C at a heating rate of 10 C min 1 under N 2 atmosphere. S9

10 Fig. S13 PXRD patterns of 1 upon the dehydration (treated with 120 C for 1 h) and rehydration (exposed in a humid atmosphere at room temperature). Fig. S14 PXRD patterns of compound 1 after exposure to aqueous solutions with various ph values from 3 to 11. S10

11 Fig. S15 Compound 1 was dehydrated at 120 C for 1.5 h and exposed to moist atmosphere for 5 minutes at room temperature. ( ) the first dehydration process; ( ) the second dehydration process; ( ) the third dehydration process; ( ) the fourth dehydration process. Fig. S16 PXRD patterns of compound 1 upon treatment with boiling water. S11

12 Fig. S17 PXRD patterns of 1 showing the stability towards various solvents: upon immersing MeOH (yellow), EtOH (pink), CH 2 Cl 2 (cyan blue), DMF (blue) and toluene (green) three days at room temperature. S12

13 5. The adsorption and desorption of CO 2. (a) (b) Fig. 18 The CO 2 capacity gradients of the activated sample of 1: (a) for adsorption; (b) for desorption. Fig. S19 Showing the CO 2 uptakes of 1 can be repeatable during ten cycles. S13

14 Fig. S20 Extrapolation fits for the pore opening (filled symbols) and pore closing (open symbols) pressures in 1 as a function of temperature. It gives the values of H f /R with 32.7 and 31.7 kj mol 1 for the adsorption and desorption isotherms, respectively. S14

15 6. Tables S1 S2 Table S1. Crystal Data and Structural Refinement for Compound 1. Compound 1 Empirical formula C 112 H 148 N 20 O 36 Zn 4 Fw Temperature Wavelength Crystal system 200(2) K Å Monoclinic Space group P2 1 a, Å (16) b, Å (5) c, Å (4) β, deg (3) V, Å (11) Z 1 D calcd, g/cm Flack parameter 0.046(16) μ, mm F(000) 1368 Crystal size x x mm 3 Theta range for data collection to Reflections collected Independent reflections [R(int) = ] Data / restraints / parameters / 45 / 859 Goodness-of-fit R 1a, wr 2 b (I > 2 (I)) , R 1a, wr 2 b (all data) , Largest diff. peak and hole and e.å 3 a R 1 = Σ F o F c /Σ F o ; b wr 2 = {Σ[w(F o 2 F c2 ) 2 ]/Σ[w(F o2 ) 2 ]} 1/2 S15

16 Table S2. Selected Bond Lengths [Å] and Angles [ ] for 1. Zn(1) O(1) 1.949(9) Zn(2) O(3) 1.955(11) Zn(1) O(8)# (10) Zn(2) O(6) 1.969(9) Zn(1) N(1) 2.052(11) Zn(2) N(6) 2.041(13) Zn(1) N(5)# (11) Zn(2) N(9)# (11) O(1) Zn(1) O(8)# (4) O(3) Zn(2) O(6) 140.3(5) O(1) Zn(1) N(1) 107.7(4) O(3) Zn(2) N(6) 104.2(4) O(1) Zn(1) N(5)# (5) O(3) Zn(2) N(9)#3 95.6(5) O(8)#1 Zn(1) (5)# (4) O(6) Zn(2) N(6) 100.1(5) O(8)#1 Zn(1) N(1) 99.1(4) O(6) Zn(2) N(9)# (4) N(1) Zn(1) N(5)# (5) N(6) Zn(2) N(9)# (4) Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: for 1: #1 x + 1, y, z + 1; #2 x + 2, y + 1/2, z + 2; #3 x + 1, y + 1/2, z + 1; #4 x + 2, y 1/2, z + 2. S16