BIOLOGY LTF DIAGNOSTIC TEST CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
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1 BILGY LTF DIAGNSTI TEST EMISTRY F LIFE TEST DE: Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Questions 1-3 refer to the following choices: I. Protons II. Neutrons III. Electrons 1. The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of B) I and II only ) I and III only D) II and III only E) I, II, and III 2. An atom of phosphorous contains B) I and II only ) I and III only D) II and III only E) I, II, and III 3. The nucleus of an atom contains B) I and II only ) I and III only D) II and III only E) I, II, and III 4. All of the following statements are true about carbon EXEPT A) A carbon atom typically has 4 valence electrons. B) ne carbon atom can form up to 4 covalent bonds. ) arbon forms ionic bonds with hydrogen atoms. D) arbon forms a wide variety of organic compounds. E) A carbon atom can bond to other carbon atoms to form long chains. 1
2 Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following information: In your bloodstream, carbon dioxide can react with water to form carbonic acid. The balanced chemical reaction is: Use the compounds from the above reaction to answer the following questions. I. 2 II. 2 III Which of the above can be identified as a product? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) I and III only 6. Which of the above can be identified as a reactant? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) I and III only 7. Elements are substances composed of a single type of A) compound B) molecule ) ion D) protein E) atom 8. A sodium atom loses an electron to form Na +. Na + is A) an atom B) an isotope ) a covalent charge D) an ion E) an isomer 2
3 9. Each of the following exists as a molecule EXEPT A) Fe B) 2 ) D) 2 E) Which of the following chemical terms includes all the others? A) Molecule B) Element ) Polymer D) Nucleus E) Atom 11. uman blood is slightly more basic than pure water. Which of the following would best represent the p of human blood? A) p 2 B) p 6.5 ) p 7 D) p 7.3 E) p Which of the following solutions would contain the highest concentration of + ions? A) A solution with a p of 10 B) A solution with a p of 8 ) A solution with a p of 6 D) A solution with a p of 4 E) A solution with a p of A carbon atom shares electrons with two oxygen atoms to form carbon dioxide. This type of bonding is best described as A) ionic B) hydrogen ) hydrophobic D) carbon E) covalent 3
4 14. The reaction represented by the diagram above is classified as A) dehydration synthesis B) hydrogen bond formation ) hydrolysis D) decomposition E) catabolism Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following information: Becky conducted an experiment to determine the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate at which hydrogen peroxide is broken down. The enzyme she used is catalase. She place 40 ml of hydrogen peroxide into each of 5 beakers. She then added 10 ml of different concentrations of catalase enzyme into each beaker. She stopped the reaction after one minute and measured the amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the beakers. Becky s results are summarized in the table below. Beaker # atalase oncentration (%) Initial ydrogen Peroxide (ml) Final ydrogen Peroxide (ml) Becky neglected to label the beakers. She knows what concentration of enzyme she used, but does not know into which beaker each concentration was placed. Which concentration would correspond to the results from beaker 1? A) 0 B) 25 ) 50 D) 75 E) 100 4
5 16. f the enzyme concentrations which one would serve as Becky s control? A) 0 B) 25 ) 50 D) 75 E) In a follow up experiment, Becky boils the enzyme solutions for 10 minutes, prior to placing them in the hydrogen peroxide. What impact will boiling the enzyme have on the break down of hydrogen peroxide? A) increase the rate of reaction B) decrease the rate of reaction ) have no effect on the rate of reaction D) the rate of reaction of each beaker will be affected differently E) hydrogen peroxide will be denatured Questions refer to the following statements regarding enzyme characteristics. I. Each enzyme is very specific and can only catalyze a certain reaction by binding to its substrate at its active site. II. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. III. Inhibitors are molecules that regulate the activity of enzymes. 18. Which of the statements above can best explain why hydroxylamine hydrochloride slows the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 19. Which of the statements above best explains the role of an enzyme in the decomposition of a substrate? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) I, II, and III 20. Energy is released from ATP when A) a new ATP molecule is synthesized B) a nitrogen base is added to an ATP molecule ) electrons are added to a molecule of ATP D) a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule E) a phosphate group is added to an ADP molecule 5
6 21. The removal of two phosphate groups from an ATP molecule would result in A) one molecule of AMP B) one molecule of ADP ) two molecules of ADP D) a low energy ATP molecule with missing electrons E) a high energy ATP molecule containing extra electrons 22. Jenny soaked filter paper disks in a catalase solution and placed them into a beaker containing dilute hydrogen peroxide. After 30 seconds the disks floated to the surface. Which statement best explains why the disks floated? A) atalase solution is less dense than hydrogen peroxide. B) The catalase solution quickly dissolves in the hydrogen peroxide, causing the disk to float. ) xygen bubbles are produced during the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide causing the disks to float. D) ydrogen peroxide is hydrophobic causing the disks to float. E) ydrogen peroxide and catalase repel each other, causing the disks to float. 23. Which property of water allows insects to walk on water? A) Universal solvent B) igh heat of vaporization ) igh specific heat D) Less dense as a solid E) Surface tension 24. The movement of water upward from the roots to the stems and to the leaves is partially due to which property of water? A) cohesion B) high specific heat ) high heat of vaporization D) less dense as a solid E) neutral p 6
7 25. The interactions indicated by the arrows in the diagram below is an example of A) Water forming covalent bonds with other water molecules. B) ydrogen bonds forming between water molecules. ) xygen stripping electrons from hydrogen. D) Ionic bonds being broken between water molecules. E) Water molecules repelling other water molecules. 26. Which class of organic molecules is used for long term energy storage in animals? A) arbohydrates B) Triglycerides ) Waxes D) Amino acids E) Proteins 7
8 Question 27 refers to the following information and graph. An experiment is performed to measure the effect of p on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Each group was assigned a different p and data was collected for 120 seconds. The amount of product formed during the 120 seconds for each p was measured and graphed as shown below: 27. Which of the following is a valid conclusion of the experiment? A) The optimal p range for the enzyme used in the reaction is B) The optimal p range for the enzyme used in the reaction is 5-7. ) The p has no effect on product formation this catalyzed reaction. D) As p increases, the amount of product formed also increases. E) This enzyme functions best as a p of 10. Directions: Each group of questions below consists of five lettered answers followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one answer that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all in each group. Questions refer to the following types of energy. A) Kinetic B) Solar ) Potential D) Mechanical E) eat 28. What type of energy is contained in a chemical bond? 29. What type of energy is lost during energy conversions? 30. What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things? 8
9 Questions onsider the following atoms that are found in molecules of the human body. A) a, Fe, K B),, ),,, P D),,, N, S E),,, N, P 31. Which set of atoms are characteristic of nucleic acids? 32. Which set of atoms are characteristic of carbohydrates? 9
10 Questions refer to the following diagrams. N 2 2 P 2 N N A B N R D E 33. Which depicts glucose? 34. Which depicts a monomer of a protein? 35. Which depicts a monomer of fats or oils? 10
11 BILGY LTF DIAGNSTI TEST EMISTRY F LIFE TEST DE: Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Question 1 refers to the following information and graph. An experiment is performed to measure the effect of p on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Each group was assigned a different p and data was collected for 120 seconds. The amount of product formed during the 120 seconds for each p was measured and graphed as shown below: 1. Which of the following is a valid conclusion of the experiment? A) The optimal p range for the enzyme used in the reaction is B) The optimal p range for the enzyme used in the reaction is 5-7. ) The p has no effect on product formation this catalyzed reaction. D) As p increases, the amount of product formed also increases. E) This enzyme functions best as a p of Which of the following chemical terms includes all the others? A) Molecule B) Element ) Polymer D) Nucleus E) Atom 1
12 Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following information: In your bloodstream, carbon dioxide can react with water to form carbonic acid. The balanced chemical reaction is: Use the compounds from the above reaction to answer the following questions. I. 2 II. 2 III Which of the above can be identified as a product? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) I and III only 4. Which of the above can be identified as a reactant? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) I and III only 5. Jenny soaked filter paper disks in a catalase solution and placed them into a beaker containing dilute hydrogen peroxide. After 30 seconds the disks floated to the surface. Which statement best explains why the disks floated? A) atalase solution is less dense than hydrogen peroxide. B) The catalase solution quickly dissolves in the hydrogen peroxide, causing the disk to float. ) xygen bubbles are produced during the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide causing the disks to float. D) ydrogen peroxide is hydrophobic causing the disks to float. E) ydrogen peroxide and catalase repel each other, causing the disks to float. 6. Each of the following exists as a molecule EXEPT A) Fe B) 2 ) D) 2 E) 2 2
13 7. uman blood is slightly more basic than pure water. Which of the following would best represent the p of human blood? A) p 2 B) p 6.5 ) p 7 D) p 7.3 E) p A sodium atom loses an electron to form Na +. Na + is A) an atom B) an isotope ) a covalent charge D) an ion E) an isomer Questions 9-11 refer to the following choices: I. Protons II. Neutrons III. Electrons 9. An atom of phosphorous contains B) I and II only ) I and III only D) II and III only E) I, II, and III 10. The nucleus of an atom contains B) I and II only ) I and III only D) II and III only E) I, II, and III 11. The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of B) I and II only ) I and III only D) II and III only E) I, II, and III 3
14 12. Which property of water allows insects to walk on water? A) Universal solvent B) igh heat of vaporization ) igh specific heat D) Less dense as a solid E) Surface tension 13. A carbon atom shares electrons with two oxygen atoms to form carbon dioxide. This type of bonding is best described as A) ionic B) hydrogen ) hydrophobic D) carbon E) covalent Questions refer to the following statements regarding enzyme characteristics. I. Each enzyme is very specific and can only catalyze a certain reaction by binding to its substrate at its active site. II. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. III. Inhibitors are molecules that regulate the activity of enzymes. 14. Which of the statements above best explains the role of an enzyme in the decomposition of a substrate? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) I, II, and III 15. Which of the statements above can best explain why hydroxylamine hydrochloride slows the catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide? B) II only ) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only 4
15 16. The movement of water upward from the roots to the stems, and to the leaves, is partially due to which property of water? A) cohesion B) high specific heat ) high heat of vaporization D) less dense as a solid E) neutral p Questions 17 and 18 refer to the following information: Becky conducted an experiment to determine the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate at which hydrogen peroxide is broken down. The enzyme she used is catalase. She place 40 ml of hydrogen peroxide into each of 5 beakers. She then added 10 ml of different concentrations of catalase enzyme into each beaker. She stopped the reaction after one minute and measured the amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the beakers. Becky s results are summarized in the table below. Beaker # atalase oncentration (%) Initial ydrogen Peroxide (ml) Final ydrogen Peroxide (ml) Becky neglected to label the beakers. She knows what concentration of enzyme she used, but does not know into which beaker each concentration was placed. Which concentration would correspond to the results from beaker 1? A) 0 B) 25 ) 50 D) 75 E) In a follow-up experiment, Becky boils the enzyme solutions for 10 minutes, prior to placing them in the hydrogen peroxide. What impact will boiling the enzyme have on the break down of hydrogen peroxide? A) increase the rate of reaction B) decrease the rate of reaction ) have no effect on the rate of reaction D) the rate of reaction of each beaker will be affected differently E) hydrogen peroxide will be denatured 5
16 19. f the enzyme concentrations which one would serve as Becky s control? A) 0 B) 25 ) 50 D) 75 E) Elements are substances composed of a single type of A) compound B) molecule ) ion D) protein E) atom 21. All of the following statements are true about carbon EXEPT A) A carbon atom typically has 4 valence electrons. B) ne carbon atom can form up to 4 covalent bonds. ) arbon forms ionic bonds with hydrogen atoms. D) arbon forms a wide variety of organic compounds. E) A carbon atom can bond to other carbon atoms to form long chains. 22. Which class of organic molecules is used for long-term energy storage in animals? A) arbohydrates B) Triglycerides ) Waxes D) Amino acids E) Proteins 23. Which of the following solutions would contain the highest concentration of + ions? A) A solution with a p of 10 B) A solution with a p of 8 ) A solution with a p of 6 D) A solution with a p of 4 E) A solution with a p of 2 6
17 24. The interactions indicated by the arrows in the diagram below is an example of A) Water forming covalent bonds with other water molecules. B) ydrogen bonds forming between water molecules. ) xygen stripping electrons from hydrogen. D) Ionic bonds being broken between water molecules. E) Water molecules repelling other water molecules. 25. Energy is released from ATP when A) an new ATP molecule is synthesized B) a nitrogen base is added to an ATP molecule ) electrons are added to a molecule of ATP D) a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule E) a phosphate group is added to an ADP molecule 26. The removal of two phosphate groups from an ATP molecule would result in A) one molecule of AMP B) one molecule of ADP ) two molecules of ADP D) a low energy ATP molecule with missing electrons E) a high energy ATP molecule containing extra electrons 7
18 27. The reaction represented by the diagram above is classified as A) dehydration synthesis B) hydrogen bond formation ) hydrolysis D) decomposition E) catabolism Directions: Each group of questions below consists of five lettered answers followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one answer that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all in each group. Questions onsider the following atoms that are found in molecules of the human body. A) a, Fe, K B),, ),,, P D),,, N, S E),,, N, P 28. Which set of atoms are characteristic of carbohydrates? 29. Which set of atoms are characteristic of nucleic acids? Questions refer to the following types of energy. A) Kinetic B) Solar ) Potential D) Mechanical E) eat 30. What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things? 8
19 31. What type of energy is contained in a chemical bond? 32. What type of energy is lost during energy conversions? Questions refer to the following diagrams. N 2 2 P 2 N N A B N R D E 33. Which depicts a monomer of a protein? 9
20 34. Which depicts a monomer of fats or oils? 35. Which depicts glucose? 10
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