Abstract... Zusammenfassung... List of abbreviations... I. List of figures... II. List of tables... III. Chapter 1: Introduction

Transcription

1 Zeinab R. F. Mohamed Synthesis and Characterization of Fire-Retardant Layers onto Polyolefin Substrates 2014 / 178 Seiten / 29,80 / ISBN Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin / Contents Abstract... Zusammenfassung List of abbreviations I List of figures II List of tables III Chapter 1: Introduction 1. Background and basics Aim of work Plasma Types of plasma Cold plasma Hot plasma Ultra-cold plasma Polymer surface treatment by plasma exposure Surface functionalization Plasma polymerization Polymerization mechanism Plasma polymerization of self-assembled mono-layers Plasma-induced grafting of monomers Surface modification Surface treatments of polymers Chemical modification Flame treatment... 15

2 1.6.3 Dielectric barrier discharge/corona discharge Low pressure plasma treatment Fire retardants Classification of fire retardants Mechanism of polymer flame retardancy Fillers Halogen, phosphorus Ammonium polyphosphates Intumescent fire retardants Action of fire retardants Physical action Chemical action Approaches of fire retardants Flammability tests Adhesion of coating Methods of coating technology Choice of adhesive Physics of adhesion The importance of adhesion of thin films Types of adhesion Adhesion testing Characterization methods Surface analyses Bulk analyses Chemical derivatization of amino and hydroxyl groups... 39

3 Chapter 2: Experimental: 2. Experimental Materials Plasma polymerization Preparation of thick layers Preparation of thick inorganic layers Preparation of N-rich thick layers based on melamine resin Curing of melamine resins Deposition of intumescent polyphosphate fire retardant layer using Layer-by- Layer technique Characterization methods Surface analysis using XPS Derivatization of functional groups for improved XPS analysis Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) - Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Solid state NMR Contact angle measurements (CAM) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Scanning Electron Microscope SEM Thermal properties of layers Peel strength measurements Measuring the fire retardant effect... 55

4 Chapter 3: Results and discussion 3. Results and discussion Deposition of siloxane-like fire retardant layers Deposition kinetics of HMDSO Influence of power and pressure XPS measured chemical composition of plasma polymerized HMDSO/ O2 films Elucidation of the structure using solid state NMR Thermal behavior of SiOx layer coated polymers AFM measurements Adhesion measurements of coatings Contact angle Flammability tests Summary of results of SiO2 layers Deposition of N-rich fire retardant layer General demands of well-adherent fire-retardant melamine polymer layers by plasma polymerization and dip-coating Plasma polymerization of allylamine and allyl alcohol Characterization of plasma-deposited poly(allylamine) and poly(allyl alcohol) layers Preparation and characterization of the thick melamine-formaldehyde layer Peel strength of the deposited layers Thermal behavior of poly melamine layer coated polymers Flammability tests Summary of results of mpmf layers Cured melamine systems as thick fire-retardant layers

5 3.3.1 Aim of curing the resin coating Coating preparation Characterization of the cured melamine layers Peeling strength of the deposited layers Thermal behavior of poly melamine layer coated polymers Flammability tests with cured mpmf coatings Conclusion to improvement of fire-retardancy by curing the melamine coatings Deposition of polyphosphate fire retardant layers Motivation of using polyphosphates Topographic characterization of the deposited (PAH-PSP)n layers FTIR-ATR measurements XPS results Peel strength measurements of the deposited layers Thermal behavior of (PAH-PSP) coated polymers Flammability tests Conclusions to the adhesion of thick polyphosphate layers on polyolefins and their efficiency in flame-retarding General conclusion: References: List of publications: Zeinab R. F. Mohamed Synthesis and Characterization of Fire-Retardant Layers onto Polyolefin Substrates 2014 / 178 Seiten / 29,80 / ISBN Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin /