Reactions Involving Gases
|
|
- Whitney Mabel Simon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 5 Gases
2 Reactions Involving Gases in reactions of gases, the amount of a gas is often given as a volume the ideal gas law allows us to convert from the volume of the gas to moles; then we can use the coefficients in the equation as a mole ratio when gases are at STP, use 1 mol = 22.4 L P, V, T of Gas A mole A mole B P, V, T of Gas B 2
3 Examples How many grams of H 2 O form when 1.24 L H 2 reacts completely with O 2 at STP? O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 (g) 2 H 2 O(g) What volume of O 2 at atm and 313 K is generated by the thermolysis of 10.0 g of HgO? 2 HgO(s) 2 Hg(l) + O 2 (g)
4 Kinetic Molecular Theory the particles of the gas (either atoms or molecules) are constantly moving the attraction between particles is negligible when the moving particles hit another particle or the container, they do not stick; but they bounce off and continue moving in another direction like billiard balls there is a lot of empty space between the particles compared to the size of the particles the average kinetic energy of the particles is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature as you raise the temperature of the gas, the average speed of the particles increases 4
5 Gas Laws Explained Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Dalton s Law says that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures kinetic-molecular theory says that the gas molecules are negligibly small and don t interact therefore the molecules behave independent of each other, each gas contributing its own collisions to the container with the same average kinetic energy since the average kinetic energy is the same, the total pressure of the collisions is the same 5
6 Kinetic Energy and Molecular Velocities average kinetic energy of the gas molecules depends on the average mass and velocity KE = ½mv 2 gases in the same container have the same temperature, the same average kinetic energy if they have different masses, the only way for them to have the same kinetic energy is to have different average velocities lighter particles will have a faster average velocity than more massive particles 6
7 Molecular Speed vs. Molar Mass in order to have the same average kinetic energy, heavier molecules must have a slower average speed 7
8 Temperature vs. Molecular Speed as the absolute temperature increases, the average velocity increases the distribution function spreads out, resulting in more molecules with faster speeds 8
9 Mean Free Path molecules in a gas travel in straight lines until they collide with another molecule or the container the average distance a molecule travels between collisions is called the mean free path mean free path decreases as the pressure increases 9
10 Diffusion and Effusion the process of a collection of molecules spreading out from high concentration to low concentration is called diffusion the process by which a collection of molecules escapes through a small hole into a vacuum is called effusion both the rates of diffusion and effusion of a gas are related to its rms average velocity 10
11 Graham s Law of Effusion for gases at the same temperature, this means that the rate of gas movement is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass rate 1 MM for two different gases at the same temperature, the ratio of their rates of effusion is given by the following equation: rate rate gas gas A B Molar Mass Molar Mass gas gas B A 11
12 Examples Determine how much faster Helium atoms moves, on average, than a carbon dioxide molecule at the same temperature Calculate the molar mass of a gas that effuses at a rate times N 2
13 Ideal vs. Real Gases Real gases often do not behave like ideal gases at high pressure or low temperature Ideal gas laws assume 1) no attractions between gas molecules 2) gas molecules do not take up space based on the kinetic-molecular theory at low temperatures and high pressures these assumptions are not valid 13
14 The Effect of Molecular Volume at high pressure, the amount of space occupied by the molecules is a significant amount of the total volume the molecular volume makes the real volume larger than the ideal gas law would predict van der Waals modified the ideal gas equation to account for the molecular volume b is called a van der Waals constant and is different for every gas because their molecules are different sizes V nrt P nb 14
15 Real Gas Behavior because real molecules take up space, the molar volume of a real gas is larger than predicted by the ideal gas law at high pressures 15
16 The Effect of Intermolecular Attractions at low temperature, the attractions between the molecules is significant the intermolecular attractions makes the real pressure less than the ideal gas law would predict van der Waals modified the ideal gas equation to account for the intermolecular attractions a is called a van der Waals constant and is different for every gas because their molecules are different sizes P nrt V a n V 2 16
17 Real Gas Behavior because real molecules attract each other, the molar volume of a real gas is smaller than predicted by the ideal gas law at low temperatures 17
18 Van der Waals Equation combining the equations to account for molecular volume and intermolecular attractions we get the following equation used for real gases a and b are called van der Waal constants and are different for each gas P a n V 2 V - nb nrt 18
19 Example A sample of 3.50 moles of NH 3 gas occupies 5.20 L at 47 o C. Calculate the pressure of the gas (in atm) using A) the ideal gas equation B) the van der Waals equation a = 4.17 atm L 2 /mol 2 b = L/mol
20 Deep Sea Divers & Partial Pressure its also possible to have too much O 2, a condition called oxygen toxicity P O2 > 1.4 atm oxygen toxicity can lead to muscle spasms, tunnel vision, and convulsions its also possible to have too much N 2, a condition called nitrogen narcosis also known as Rapture of the Deep when diving deep, the pressure of the air divers breathe increases so the partial pressure of the oxygen increases at a depth of 55 m the partial pressure of O 2 is 1.4 atm divers that go below 50 m use a mixture of He and O 2 called heliox that contains a lower percentage of O 2 than air 20
21 Mountain Climbing & Partial Pressure our bodies are adapted to breathe O 2 at a partial pressure of 0.21 atm partial pressures of O 2 lower than 0.1 atm will lead to hypoxia unconsciousness or death climbers of Mt Everest carry O 2 in cylinders to prevent hypoxia on top of Mt Everest, P air = atm, so P O2 = atm 21
Chapter 10 Gases. Measurement of pressure: Barometer Manometer Units. Relationship of pressure and volume (Boyle s Law)
Chapter 10 Gases Conditions of ideal gases: Ideal gases have no attractive forces between the molecules. the atoms volume taken into account when looking at the volume a gas occupies. Low pressure and
More informationGas Laws. Gas Properties. Gas Properties. Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws
Gas Laws Gas Properties Gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Pressure Gas Laws Gas Properties 1) Gases have mass - the density of the gas is very low in comparison to solids and liquids, which make it
More informationStates of Matter Lesson 3.6 CHEMISTRY 2 HONORS. Jeff Venables Northwestern High School
States of Matter Lesson 3.6 CHEMISTRY HONORS Molecular Effusion and Diffusion As kinetic energy increases, the velocity of the gas molecules increases. Average kinetic energy of a gas is related to its
More informationChapter 5. The Gas Laws
Chapter 5 The Gas Laws 1 Pressure Force per unit area. Gas molecules fill container. Molecules move around and hit sides. Collisions are the force. Container has the area. Measured with a barometer. 2
More informationExample Problems: 1.) What is the partial pressure of: Total moles = 13.2 moles 5.0 mol A 7.0 mol B 1.2 mol C Total Pressure = 3.
5.6 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Dalton s Law of Partial Pressure; The total pressure of a gas is the sum of all its parts. P total = P 1 + P + P 3 + P n Pressures are directly related to moles: n
More informationGases. Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit ( o F): Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic (no energy lost) there are no intermolecular attractive forces Think of an ideal gas as a collection of perfectly
More informationAP Chemistry Ch 5 Gases
AP Chemistry Ch 5 Gases Barometer - invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643; uses the height of a column of mercury to measure gas pressure (especially atmospheric) Manometer- a device for measuring
More informationWhy study gases? A Gas 10/17/2017. An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? n understanding of real world phenomena. n understanding of how science works. Gas Uniformly fills any container. Mixes completely
More informationGases: Their Properties & Behavior. Chapter 09 Slide 1
9 Gases: Their Properties & Behavior Chapter 09 Slide 1 Gas Pressure 01 Chapter 09 Slide 2 Gas Pressure 02 Units of pressure: atmosphere (atm) Pa (N/m 2, 101,325 Pa = 1 atm) Torr (760 Torr = 1 atm) bar
More informationGases. Characteristics of Gases. Unlike liquids and solids, gases
Gases Characteristics of Gases Unlike liquids and solids, gases expand to fill their containers; are highly compressible; have extremely low densities. 1 Pressure Pressure is the amount of force applied
More informationAP Chemistry Unit 5 - Gases
Common Gases at Room Temperature AP Chemistry Unit 5 - Gases Know these! HCN toxic slight odor of almonds HS toxic odor of rotten eggs CO toxic odorless CO odorless CH4 methane odorless, flammable CH4
More informationThe Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Background: It is straightforward to observe that there is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume for a gas at constant temperature. Curious scientists
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Characteristics of Physical properties of gases are all similar. Composed mainly of nonmetallic elements with simple formulas
More informationChapter 11 Gases 1 Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009
Chapter 11 Gases Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 11.1 Properties of Gases The properties of a gas are almost independent of its identity. (Gas molecules behave as if no other molecules are present.) Compressible
More informationThe Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases kinetic-molecular theory of gases Originated with Ludwig Boltzman and James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century Explains gas behavior on the basis of the motion of individual
More informationChapter 5 The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 The Gaseous State Contents and Concepts Gas Laws We will investigate the quantitative relationships that describe the behavior of gases. 1. Gas Pressure and Its Measurement 2. Empirical Gas Laws
More informationMixture of gases. Mix 5 moles of CO 2 V = 40L 2 moles of N 2 T = 0 C 1 mole of Cl 2 What is P? Mary J. Bojan Chem 110
Mixture of gases Mix 5 moles of CO 2 V = 40L 2 moles of N 2 T = 0 C 1 mole of Cl 2 What is P? 1 Partial Pressure Partial pressure: the pressure a gas would have if it was the only gas in the container.
More informationChapter 10 Gases Characteristics of Gases Elements that exist as gases: Noble gases, O 2, N 2,H 2, F 2 and Cl 2. (For compounds see table 10.
Chapter 10 Gases 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Elements that exist as gases: Noble gases, O 2, N 2,H 2, F 2 and Cl 2. (For compounds see table 10.1) Unlike liquids and solids, gases expand to fill their
More informationChapter 10 Notes: Gases
Chapter 10 Notes: Gases Watch Bozeman Videos & other videos on my website for additional help: Big Idea 2: Gases 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Read p. 398-401. Answer the Study Guide questions 1. Earth
More informationStandard T & P (STP) At STP, 1 mol of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. The standard temperature and pressure for gases is:
Standard T & P (STP) The standard temperature and pressure for gases is: At STP, 1 mol of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L T = 273 K (0 o C) P = 1 atm = 101.325 kpa = 1.01325 bar 22.4 L Using STP in problems
More informationChapter 10. Gases. The Gas Laws
Page 1 of 12 10.1 Characteristics of Gases. Chapter 10. Gases. All substances have three phases; solid, liquid and gas. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as
More information10/16/2018. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
10/16/018 Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. 1 10/16/018 A Gas Uniformly fills any container.
More informationWarm-Up. 1)Convert the following pressures to pressures in standard atmospheres:
Warm-Up 1)Convert the following pressures to pressures in standard atmospheres: A. 151.98 kpa B. 456 torr Conversions 1 atm=101.3 kpa= 760 mm Hg= 760 torr Standard temp. & pressure = 1 atm & 0 C (STP)
More informationvapors: gases of substances that are normally liquids or solids 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = kpa = bar
Gases A Chemistry Lecture Outline Name: Basics on Gases composition of the atmosphere: properties of gases: vapors: gases of substances that are normally liquids or solids Equation for pressure: 1 atm
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Chapter 10. Gases.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, they Expand to fill their containers.
More information7/16/2012. Characteristics of Gases. Chapter Five: Pressure is equal to force/unit area. Manometer. Gas Law Variables. Pressure-Volume Relationship
7/6/0 Chapter Five: GASES Characteristics of Gases Uniformly fills any container. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. When subjected to pressure, its volume decreases.
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 2015 Pearson Education James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Characteristics of Physical properties of gases are all similar. Composed mainly of nonmetallic elements
More informationKINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF GASES 1) Gases are highly compressible An external force compresses the gas sample and decreases its volume, removing the external force allows the
More informationAlthough different gasses may differ widely in their chemical properties, they share many physical properties
IV. Gases (text Chapter 9) A. Overview of Chapter 9 B. Properties of gases 1. Ideal gas law 2. Dalton s law of partial pressures, etc. C. Kinetic Theory 1. Particulate model of gases. 2. Temperature and
More information4. 1 mole = 22.4 L at STP mole/volume interconversions at STP
Ch. 10 Gases and the Ideal Gas Law(s) Chem 210 Jasperse Ch. 10 Handouts 1 10.1 The Atmosphere 1. Earth surrounded by gas 2. Major components: Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Miscellaneous: All
More informationQuick Review 1. Properties of gases. 2. Methods of measuring pressure of gases. 3. Boyle s Law, Charles Law, Avogadro s Law. 4. Ideal gas law.
Quick Review 1. Properties of gases. 2. Methods of measuring pressure of gases. 3. Boyle s Law, Charles Law, Avogadro s Law. 4. Ideal gas law. 5. Dalton s law of partial pressures. Kinetic Molecular Theory
More informationThe Gaseous State of Matter
The Gaseous State of Matter Chapter 12 Hein and Arena Version 1.1 Dr. Eugene Passer Chemistry Department Bronx Community 1 College John Wiley and Company The Kinetic- Molecular Theory 2 The Kinetic-Molecular
More information10/15/2015. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
0/5/05 Kinetic Theory and the Behavior of Ideal & Real Gases Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. 0/5/05 A Gas fills any container. completely
More informationChapter Elements That Exist as Gases at 25 C, 1 atm. 5.2 Pressure basic physics. Gas Properties
5.1 Elements That Exist as Gases at 25 C, 1 atm Chapter 5 The Gaseous State YOU READ AND BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS SECTION! Gaseous compounds include CH 4, NO, NO 2, H 2 S, NH 3, HCl, etc. Gas Properties
More informationThe Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases kinetic-molecular theory of gases Originated with Ludwig Boltzman and James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century Explains gas behavior on the basis of the motion of individual
More informationChapter Ten- Gases. STUDY GUIDE AP Chemistry
STUDY GUIDE AP Chemistry Chapter Ten- Gases Lecture Notes 10.1 Characteristics of Gases All substances have three phases: solid, liquid and gas. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions
More informationGases. Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area:
Gases Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area: Force is measure in Newtons Area is measured in m 2 and it refers to the Area the particle/object is touching (From the
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, gases Expand to fill their containers. Are highly compressible.
More informationPart One: The Gas Laws. gases (low density, easy to compress)
CHAPTER FIVE: THE GASEOUS STATE Part One: The Gas Laws A. Introduction. 1. Comparison of three states of matter: fluids (flow freely) solids condensed states liquids (high density, hard to compress) gases
More informationChapter 5 The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 The Gaseous State Contents and Concepts Gas Laws We will investigate the quantitative relationships that describe the behavior of gases. 1. Gas Pressure and Its Measurement 2. Empirical Gas Laws
More informationChapter 10. Chapter 10 Gases
Chapter 10 Gases Earth is surrounded by a layer of gaseous molecules - the atmosphere - extending out to about 50 km. 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Gases low density; compressible volume and shape of container
More informationChapter 5 Gases - 4 Gas Stoichiometry. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 5 Gases - 4 Gas Stoichiometry Dr. Sapna Gupta Stoichiometry in Gases Amounts of gaseous reactants and products can be calculated by utilizing The ideal gas law to relate moles to T, P and V. Moles
More informationChapter 5. Question. Question. Answer. Answer. Question (continued) The Gaseous State
Chapter 5 CRS s The Gaseous State Equal volumes of propane, C 3 H 8, and carbon monoxide at the same temperature and pressure have the same a. density. b.. c. number of atoms. 1) a only 2) b only 3) c
More informationGases. What are the four variables needed to describe a gas?
Gases What are the four variables needed to describe a gas? 1 Gases The simplest state of matter K.E. >> intermolecular forces Random motion Predictable behavior 2 Gases at STP Few Elements: H 2 N 2 O
More informationProperties of Gases. 5 important gas properties:
Gases Chapter 12 Properties of Gases 5 important gas properties: 1) Gases have an indefinite shape 2) Gases have low densities 3) Gases can compress 4) Gases can expand 5) Gases mix completely with other
More informationUnit Outline. I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI.
Unit 10: Gases Unit Outline I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI. Real Gases I. Opening thoughts Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon?
More informationChapter 13. Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos- Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
Chapter 3 Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos- Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Behavior of Gases Physical Properties of Gases Ideal Gas an imaginary
More informationSTATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Matter 3/5/2015. Solid. Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma
Unit 10: States of Matter Lesson 10.1: States and Their Changes (Review) STATES OF MATTER The Four States of Matter Solid } Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle
More informationSTATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Matter 3/5/2015
The Four States of Matter Unit 10: States of Matter Lesson 10.1: States and Their Changes (Review) Solid } Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma Based upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of
More informationThis should serve a s a study guide as you go on to do the problems in Sapling and take the quizzes and exams.
CHM 111 Chapter 9 Worksheet and Study Guide Purpose: This is a guide for your as you work through the chapter. The major topics are provided so that you can write notes on each topic and work the corresponding
More informationGASES (Chapter 5) Temperature and Pressure, that is, 273 K and 1.00 atm or 760 Torr ) will occupy
I. Ideal gases. A. Ideal gas law review. GASES (Chapter 5) 1. PV = nrt Ideal gases obey this equation under all conditions. It is a combination ofa. Boyle's Law: P 1/V at constant n and T b. Charles's
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationKinetic Molecular Theory. 1. What are the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory?
Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. What are the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory? *These postulates are particularly problematic when it comes to extending this theory to real gases. Regardless of how
More informationChapter 10. Gases THREE STATES OF MATTER. Chapter 10 Problems 6/29/2012. Problems 16, 19, 26, 33, 39,49, 57, 61
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 John Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chapter 10 Problems Problems
More informationWhat we will learn about now
Chapter 4: Gases What we will learn about now We will learn how volume, pressure, temperature are related. You probably know much of this qualitatively, but we ll learn it quantitatively as well with the
More informationA Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings.
Chapter 5 Gases Chapter 5 A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved
More informationEngr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico Chemical Engineering Department
GASEOUS STATE Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico Chemical Engineering Department TOPICS Objective Properties of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Gas Laws OBJECTIVES Determine how volume, pressure and
More informationC H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 GASES INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH
C H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 5 GASES 0 1 INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH CHAPTER 5 GASES Properties of Gases Pressure History and Application of the Gas Laws Partial Pressure Stoichiometry of
More informationChapter 5 Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Chapter 5 Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory Name (Formula) Methane (CH 4 ) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Chlorine (Cl 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) Origin and Use natural deposits; domestic fuel from N
More informationGases Over View. Schweitzer
Gases Over View Schweitzer Collision theory Describing Ideal gases Particles are very far apart relative to their size. Particles are traveling very fast Particles are traveling in straight lines Collisions
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy Chapter 10 Gases Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry
More informationForces between atoms/molecules
Professor K gases Forces between atoms/molecules BONDS are the INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES holding the atoms in molecules together... What holds the molecules of a solid or liquid together?... INTERMOLECULAR
More informationCHEM 116 The Ideal Gas Model: Its Usefulness and Conditions Where it Breaks Down
Uass oston, Chem 116 CHE 116 The Ideal Gas odel: Its Usefulness and Conditions Where it reaks Down Lecture 3 Prof. Sevian Last Thursday Today Today s agenda Some uses of the ideal gas equation Typical
More informationChapter 10. Gases. Characteristics of Gases. Units of Pressure. Pressure. Manometer. Units of Pressure 27/07/2014 P = F A
7/07/014 Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Characteristics of Chapter 10 Unlike liquids and solids, gases expand to fill their containers;
More informationCentimeters of mercury
CHAPTER 11 PROPERTIES OF GASES Gases have an indefinite shape: a gas takes the shape of its container and fills it uniformly. If the shape of the container changes, so does the shape of the gas. Gases
More informationVideos 1. Crash course Partial pressures: YuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr 2. Crash couse Effusion/Diffusion:
Videos 1. Crash course Partial pressures: https://youtu.be/jbqtqcunyza?list=pl8dpuualjxtphzz YuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr 2. Crash couse Effusion/Diffusion: https://youtu.be/tlrzafu_9kg?list=pl8dpuualjxtph zzyuwy6fyeax9mqq8ogr
More informationGases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory
Gases and the Kinetic olecular Theory Importance in atmospheric phenomena, gas phase reactions, combustion engines, etc. 5.1 The hysical States of atter The condensed states liquid and solid The gaseous
More informationGases and Kinetic Molecular Theory
1 Gases and Kinetic Molecular Theory 1 CHAPTER GOALS 1. Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Composition of the Atmosphere and Some Common Properties of Gases 3. Pressure 4. Boyle s Law: The Volume-Pressure
More informationOUTLINE. States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry
UNIT 6 GASES OUTLINE States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry STATES OF MATTER Remember that all matter exists in three physical states: Solid Liquid
More informationHood River Valley High
Chemistry Hood River Valley High Name: Period: Unit 7 States of Matter and the Behavior of Gases Unit Goals- As you work through this unit, you should be able to: 1. Describe, at the molecular level, the
More informationGases. A gas. Difference between gas and vapor: Why Study Gases?
Gases Chapter 5 Gases A gas Uniformly fills any container. Is easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Difference between gas and vapor: A gas is a substance
More informationD g << D R < D s. Chapter 10 Gases & Kinetic Molecular Theory. I) Gases, Liquids, Solids Gases Liquids Solids. Particles far apart
Chapter 10 Gases & Kinetic Molecular Theory I) Gases, Liquids, Solids Gases Liquids Solids Particles far apart Particles touching Particles closely packed very compressible slightly comp. Incomp. D g
More informationChapter 10 Gases. Dr. Ayman Nafady. Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E.
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 10 Gases Dr. Ayman Nafady 2009, Prentice-Hall, 10.1. Characteristics of Gases Unlike liquids
More informationSAMPLE EXERCISE 10.1 Converting Units of Pressure. SAMPLE EXERCISE 10.1 continued
SAMPLE EXERCISE 10.1 Converting Units of Pressure (a) Convert 0.357 atm to torr. (b) Convert 6.6 10 2 torr to atm. (c) Convert 147.2 kpa to torr. Analyze: In each case we are given the pressure in one
More informationKinetic theory. Collective behaviour of large systems Statistical basis for the ideal gas equation Deviations from ideality
Kinetic theory Collective behaviour of large systems Statistical basis for the ideal gas equation Deviations from ideality Learning objectives Describe physical basis for the kinetic theory of gases Describe
More informationCalculate the mass of L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.18 atm pressure.
142 Calculate the mass of 22650 L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.18 atm pressure. Volume of a 10'x10'x8' room 1) First, find the MOLES of gas using the ideal gas equation and the information given. 2) Convert
More informationCH301 Unit 1 GAS LAWS, KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY, GAS MIXTURES
CH301 Unit 1 GAS LAWS, KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY, GAS MIXTURES Goals for Our Second Review Your first exam is in about 1 week! Recap the ideal gas law Kinetic Molecular Theory 3 important relationships
More informationPressure. Pressure Units. Molecular Speed and Energy. Molecular Speed and Energy
Pressure is defined as force per unit area. Pressure Pressure is measured with a device called a barometer. A mercury barometer uses the weight of a column of Hg to determine the pressure of gas pushing
More information--Lord Kelvin, May 3rd, 1883
When you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, you knowledge is of a meager
More informationmcdonald (pam78654) HW 4B: Gases and Kinetics laude (89560) 1
mcdonald (pam78654) HW 4B: Gases and Kinetics laude (89560) 1 This print-out should have 20 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering.
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Elements that exist as gases at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More information1. What is the value of the quantity PV for one mole of an ideal gas at 25.0 C and one atm?
Real Gases Thought Question: How does the volume of one mole of methane gas (CH4) at 300 Torr and 298 K compare to the volume of one mole of an ideal gas at 300 Torr and 298 K? a) the volume of methane
More informationGeneral Properties of Gases
Page III-9-1 / Chapter Nine Lecture Notes Gases and Their Properties Chapter 9 Importance of Gases Chemistry 222 Professor Michael Russell Airbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Sixth Edition by Charles H. Corwin Chapter 11 The Gaseous State by Christopher Hamaker 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 1 Properties of Gases
More informationGases. Which elements exist as gases at ordinary temperature and pressure? Gases: Have simple molecular formulas. Chapter 10 part 1: Ideal Gases
Chapter 10 part 1: Ideal Gases Read: BLB 10.1 5 HW: BLB 10.2,19a,b, 23, 26, 30, 39, 41, 45, 49 Sup 10:1 6 Know: What is pressure? Gases Which elements exist as gases at ordinary temperature and pressure?
More informationB 2, C 2, N 2. O 2, F 2, Ne 2. Energy order of the p 2p and s 2p orbitals changes across the period.
Chapter 11 Gases Energy order of the p p and s p orbitals changes across the period. Due to lower nuclear charge of B, C & N there is no s-p orbitals interaction Due to high nuclear charge of O, F& Ne
More informationCHAPTER 12 GASES AND KINETIC-MOLECULAR THEORY
. Pressure CHAPER GASES AND KINEIC-MOLECULAR HEORY. Boyle s Law: he -P Relationship 3. Charles Law: he - Relationship 4. Standard &P 5. he Combined Gas Law Equation 6. Avogadro s Law and the Standard Molar
More informationGases. Chapter 5. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Gases Chapter 5 1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphere 2 3 Physical Characteristics of Gases
More informationChapter 10. Gases. Lecture Outline Characteristics of Gases 1, 10.2 Pressure. Atmospheric Pressure and the Barometer 3, 4, 5, 6,
1 Chapter 10. Lecture Outline 10.1 Characteristics of 1, 2 All substances have three phases: solid, liquid and gas. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as gases.
More informationGases: Units of pressure: the pascal(pa)(1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 1 kg m-1
Gases: Units of pressure: the pascal(pa)(1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 = 1 kg m -1 s -2 ) psi(pounds per square inch) atmosphere(atm) millimeters of mercury(mm Hg) torr(1 torr = 1 mm Hg) kilopascal(kpa) Mercury Barometer:
More informationWhat Do You Think? Investigate GOALS
Ideal Toy Activity 7 Moving Molecules GOALS In this activity you will: Determine the effect of molecular size on molecular motion. Predict quantities of gas produced in chemical reactions. What Do You
More informationSection Using Gas Laws to Solve Problems
Gases and Gas Laws Section 13.2 Using Gas Laws to Solve Problems Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles of matter are ALWAYS in motion Volume of individual particles is zero. Consists of large number of particles
More informationGases and Kinetic Theory
Gases and Kinetic Theory Chemistry 35 Fall 2000 Gases One of the four states of matter Simplest to understand both physically and chemically Gas Properties Low density Fluid Can be defined by their: 1.
More informationChapter 5 Gases. Chapter 5: Phenomena. Properties of Gases. Properties of Gases. Pressure. Pressure
Chapter 5: Phenomena Phenomena: To determine the properties of gases scientists recorded various observations/measurements about different gases. Analyze the table below looking for patterns between the
More information(2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of gas. (3) Molecules of a gas moves randomly in all direction.
9.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases : Assumption (1) The molecules of a gas are identical, spherical and perfectly elastic point masses. (2) The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison to the volume of
More informationAirbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of. 2 NaN 3 ---> > 2 Na + 3 N 2
1 2 Airbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide,, NaN 3. 2 NaN 3 ---> > 2 Na + 3 N 2 3 4 There is a lot of free space in a gas. Gases can be expanded
More informationThe Gas Laws. Learning about the special behavior of gases
The Gas Laws Learning about the special behavior of gases The States of Matter What are the 3 states of matter that chemists work with? Solids, liquids, and gases We will explain the behavior of gases
More informationCh Kinetic Theory. 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.
Ch. 15.1 Kinetic Theory 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. Kinetic Theory 2.These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the
More informationLecture 3. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Lecture 3. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases THE IDEAL GAS LAW: A purely empirical law solely the consequence of experimental observations Explains the behavior of gases over a limited range of conditions
More informationTest Bank for Chemistry 9th Edition by Zumdahl
Test Bank for Chemistry 9th Edition by Zumdahl 1. Gases generally have A) low density B) high density C) closely packed particles D) no increase in volume when temperature is increased E) no decrease in
More information