Previously Used Scientific Names: Habenaria quinqueseta var. quinqueseta, Orchis habenaria Linnaeus, O. quinqueseta Michaux
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1 Common Name: MICHAUX S ORCHID Scientific Name: Habenaria quinqueseta (Michaux) A. Eaton Other Commonly Used Names: Michaux s orchis, long-horned habenaria, long-horned false rein-orchid Previously Used Scientific Names: Habenaria quinqueseta var. quinqueseta, Orchis habenaria Linnaeus, O. quinqueseta Michaux Family: Orchidaceae (orchid)
2 Rarity Ranks: G4G5/S1 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: FACW Description: Perennial herb 8-35 inches (20-90 cm) tall. Stem leaves 2-10 inches (5-25 cm) long, decreasing in size near the top of the stem, alternate. Flowers 3-25 in number, in a leafy spike at the top of the stem. Petals ¼ - ⅝ inch ( cm) long, white, each divided into 2 narrow, up-curved segments. Lip petal ⅜ - ¾ inch (0.8-2 cm) long, white, divided into 3 narrow, down-curved segments. Spur 1½ - 7 inches (4-18 cm) long, curving down and behind the flower. Sepals up to ⅝ inch long, 1 erect, 2 spreading, oval to oblong, light green with dark green stripes. Fruit a capsule ½ /16 inch (1.5-3 cm) long, held erect on a short stalk. Similar Species: Water-spider orchid (Habenaria repens) has green flowers in a dense spike; its flowers are smaller with sepals and petals usually less than ¼ inch (3-7 mm) long and spur about ½ inch (1.4 cm) long. It occurs in swamps and roadside ditches and along stream edges in the Coastal Plain. Related Rare Species: More than 30 species of orchids are rare in Georgia. On this web site, see: many-flowered grass-pink (Calopogon multiflorus), pink lady s-slipper (Cypripedium acaule), Kentucky lady s-slipper (Cypripedium kentuckiense), yellow lady s-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum), green-fly Orchid (Epidendrum conopseum), Michaux's spider orchid (Habenaria quinqueseta), small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides), Appalachian twayblade (Listera smallii), Florida adder's-mouth orchid (Malaxis spicata), southern white fringed-orchid (Platanthera blephariglottis), Chapman's fringed-orchid (Platanthera chapmanii), large purple fringed-orchid (Platanthera grandiflora), monkeyface orchid (Platanthera integrilabia), purple fringeless orchid (Platanthera peramoena), crestless plume orchid (Pteroglossaspis ecristata), downy slender ladies-tresses (Spiranthes brevilabris), Florida ladies-tresses (Spiranthes floridana), Great Plains ladies-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum), three birds orchid (Triphora trianthophora). Habitat: Rich, moist hardwood hammocks; mixed oak - pine flatwoods; Altamaha Grit outcrops. Life History: Michaux s orchid emerges from an underground tuber to form a rosette of small, glossy leaves in early summer; the flowering stem arises from the rosette and produces flowers in late summer. Although the pollination mechanism of Michaux s orchid flowers has not been studied, it is likely to be similar to other white-flowered species in this genus which are pollinated primarily by moths. Michaux s orchid is probably pollinated by hawkmoths whose long tongues are capable of extracting nectar from the spur. While the moth probes the interior of the flower, packets of pollen (pollinia) stick to the insect s head or proboscis, to be carried to the flowers that the moth visits next. Michaux s orchid s minute, dust-like seeds are dispersed by
3 gravity and wind. The seeds are too small to provide nutrients for a developing embryo and form a symbiotic relationship with a fungus which supplies sugars and other growth factors. Survey Recommendations: Surveys are best conducted during flowering (August September). Range: Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana; extirpated from South Carolina and Texas; also occurs in Mexico, West Indies, and Central America. Threats: Conversion of habitat to agriculture, pastures, and pine plantations; fire suppression; invasion by exotic pest plants, especially cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica). Georgia Conservation Status: Six populations have been observed, 3 are known to have survived. One site is protected on a private nature preserve. Conservation and Management Recommendations: Avoid mechanical disturbances to soil and ground layer. Burn pine flatwoods every 2-3 years during growing season. Eradicate exotic pest plants such as cogon grass. Selected References: Brown, P.M Recent taxonomic and distributional notes from Florida 7: the genus Habenaria. North American Native Orchid Journal 6(2): wiki.terrorchid.org/_media/ media:journals-pdf:nanoj:nanoj_6-2_2000.pdf?id=tow%3ajournals&cache=cache Brown, P.M. and S.N. Folsom Wild orchids of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Brown, P.M. and S.N. Folsom Wild orchids of the southeastern United States, north of peninsular Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Chafin, L.G Field guide to the rare plants of Georgia. State Botanical Garden of Georgia and University of Georgia Press, Athens. Fowler, J.A Wild orchids of South Carolina: a popular natural history. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia. FNA Flora of North America. Vol. 26, Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York. Luer, C.A The native orchids of Florida. New York Botanical Garden, New York NatureServe NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Pijl, L. van der, L. and C.H. Dodson Orchid flowers: their pollination and evolution. Fairchild Tropical Garden and the University of Miami Press, Miami, Florida.
4 Weakley, A.S Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill. Author of species account: Linda G. Chafin Date Compiled or Updated: L. Chafin, Feb. 2008: original account K. Owers, Jan. 2010: added pictures
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Previously Used Scientific Names: Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames var. multiflorus (Lindley) Correll
Common Name: MANY-FLOWERED GRASS PINK Scientific Name: Calopogon multiflorus Lindley Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames var. multiflorus
Common Name: FLORIDA ADDER S-MOUTH ORCHID. Scientific Name: Malaxis spicata Swartz. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: FLORIDA ADDER S-MOUTH ORCHID Scientific Name: Malaxis spicata Swartz Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Malaxis floridana (Chapman) Kuntze, Microstylis floridana
Common Name: FLORIDA LADIES-TRESSES. Scientific Name: Spiranthes floridana (Wherry) Cory. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: FLORIDA LADIES-TRESSES Scientific Name: Spiranthes floridana (Wherry) Cory Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Spiranthes brevilabris var. floridana (Wherry)
Common Name: YELLOW LADY S-SLIPPER. Scientific Name: Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury. Other Commonly Used Names: golden slipper
Common Name: YELLOW LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury Other Commonly Used Names: golden slipper Previously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium calceolus Linnaeus Family:
Common Name: THREE BIRDS ORCHID
Common Name: THREE BIRDS ORCHID Scientific Name: Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydberg Other Commonly Used Names: nodding pogonia, nodding ettercap Previously Used Scientific Names: Arethusa trianthophoros
Common Name: PINK LADY S-SLIPPER
Common Name: PINK LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium acaule Aiton Other Commonly Used Names: pink moccasin flower, stemless lady-slipper, slipper orchid Previously Used Scientific Names: Fissipes
Common Name: GLADE WINDFLOWER. Scientific Name: Anemone berlandieri Pritzel. Other Commonly Used Names: southern thimble-weed
Common Name: GLADE WINDFLOWER Scientific Name: Anemone berlandieri Pritzel Other Commonly Used Names: southern thimble-weed Previously Used Scientific Names: Anemone caroliniana Walter var. heterophylla
Other Commonly Used Names: Simpson s zephyr-lily, Florida atamasco-lily, rain zephyr-lily, rain lily
Common Name: SIMPSON S RAIN LILY Scientific Name: Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: Simpson s zephyr-lily, Florida atamasco-lily, rain zephyr-lily, rain lily Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: GLADE MEADOW-PARSNIP. Scientific Name: Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckley) Gray. Other Commonly Used Names: cutleaf meadow-parsnip
Common Name: GLADE MEADOW-PARSNIP Scientific Name: Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckley) Gray Other Commonly Used Names: cutleaf meadow-parsnip Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Apiaceae/Umbelliferae
Common Name: OZARK BUNCHFLOWER. Scientific Name: Veratrum woodii J.W. Robbins ex Wood. Other Commonly Used Names: Wood s false hellebore
Common Name: OZARK BUNCHFLOWER Scientific Name: Veratrum woodii J.W. Robbins ex Wood Other Commonly Used Names: Wood s false hellebore Previously Used Scientific Names: Melanthium woodii (J.W. Robbins
Common Name: SHOALS SPIDER-LILY. Scientific Name: Hymenocallis coronaria (J. LeConte) Kunth. Other Commonly Used Names: Cahaba lily, Catawba lily
Common Name: SHOALS SPIDER-LILY Scientific Name: Hymenocallis coronaria (J. LeConte) Kunth Other Commonly Used Names: Cahaba lily, Catawba lily Previously Used Scientific Names: Hymenocallis caroliniana
Common Name: GOLDENSEAL
Common Name: GOLDENSEAL Scientific Name: Hydrastis canadensis Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) or Hydrastidaceae (goldenseal)
Common Name: PARROT PITCHERPLANT. Scientific Name: Sarracenia psittacina Michaux. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: PARROT PITCHERPLANT Scientific Name: Sarracenia psittacina Michaux Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Sarraceniaceae Rarity Ranks: G4/S2S3 State
Common Name: FRINGED GENTIAN. Scientific Name: Gentianopsis crinita (Froelich) Ma. Other Commonly Used Names: none
b Common Name: FRINGED GENTIAN Scientific Name: Gentianopsis crinita (Froelich) Ma Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Gentiana crinita Froelich Family: Gentianaceae (gentian)
Family: Parnassiaceae (grass-of-parnassus) or Saxifragaceae (rockbreaker)
Common Name: LARGE-LEAF GRASS-OF-PARNASSUS Scientific Name: Parnassia grandifolia A.P. de Candolle Other Commonly Used Names: bigleaf grass-of-parnassus, limeseep parnassia, undine Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: HOODED PITCHERPLANT. Scientific Name: Sarracenia minor Walter. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: HOODED PITCHERPLANT Scientific Name: Sarracenia minor Walter Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Sarraceniaceae Rarity Ranks: G4/S4 State Legal Status:
Previously Used Scientific Names: Viburnum dentatum L. var. bracteatum
Common Name: LIMEROCK ARROW-WOOD Scientific Name: Viburnum bracteatum Rehder Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Viburnum dentatum L. var. bracteatum Family: Caprifoliaceae
Previously Used Scientific Names: Schwalbea australis Pennell, Schwalbea americana L. var. australis (Pennell) Reveal & Broome
Common Name: CHAFFSEED Scientific Name: Schwalbea americana Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: American chaffseed Previously Used Scientific Names: Schwalbea australis Pennell, Schwalbea americana L.
Common Name: BOG SPICEBUSH. Scientific Name: Lindera subcoriacea B.E. Wofford. Other Common Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
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Common Name: GEORGIA QUILLWORT. Scientific Name: Isoetes georgiana Luebke. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
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Other Commonly Used Names: wintergreen quillwort, evergreen quillwort
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