Supplemental Figure 1. Phenotype of ProRGA:RGAd17 plants under long day

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1 Supplemental Figure 1. Phenotype of ProRGA:RGAd17 plants under long day conditions. Photo was taken when the wild type plant started to bolt. Scale bar represents 1 cm.

2 Supplemental Figure 2. Flowering time of wild type, ProSUC2:RGAd17, and ProFD:RGAd17. Flowering time of wild type, ProSUC2:RGAd17, and ProFD:RGAd17 in either long day (A) or short day (B). One representative T3 line of ProSUC2:RGAd17 or ProFD:RGAd17 was shown. **: Student s test, p< n=14.

3 Supplemental Figure 3. Expression of mir172 targets. Wild type and ProSUC2:RGAd17 plants were grown in long day. The RNAs were extracted as described in Figure 2C. Error bars represent ±SE (n=3).

4 Supplemental Figure 4. Flowering time of ProSUC2:MIR172a ProSUC2:RGAd17 and ProSUC2:FT ProSUC2:RGAd17. Plants were grown in long day. Photos were taken when the plants started to bolt. Scale bars represent 1 cm.

5 Supplemental Figure 5. Expression of SOC1 and FUL at the shoot apex in long day. The shoot apices of WT and ProFD:RGAd17 plants were used. Error bars represent ±SE (n=3).

6 Supplemental Figure 6. GA response under long day conditions. 5-day-old plants were sprayed with GA 3 (+) or ethanol (-). Photos (A and B) were taken when the plants started to bolt. The numbers of days (C) and leaves (D) when the plants started to flower were measured. Error bars represent ±SE (n=3).

7 Supplemental Figure 7. GA response of Pro35S:MIR156 under short day conditions. Plants were sprayed with GA 3 once. For mock control, ethanol was applied. Photos were taken when the GA 3 -treated wild type plants started to bolt.

8 Supplemental Data. Yu et al. (2012). Plant Cell /tpc Supplemental Figure 8. Phenotype of della Pro35S:MIR156 double mutant. Plants were grown in long day. The photos were taken when the plants started to bolt. Scale bar represents 1 cm.

9 Supplemental Figure 9. Phenotype of ProRGA:RGAd17 ProSPL9:rSPL9 double mutant. Plants were grown in long day. The photos were taken when the plants started to bolt. Scale bar represents 1 cm.

10 Supplemental Figure 10. Interaction between DELLA and SPLs in yeast. (A) Interactions between RGA and other mir156-targeted SPLs. SPL2, SPL10, and RGA were fused to BD or AD respectively. Interactions were examined on the SD Leu Trp His (-LTH) plates supplemented with 5 mm 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). (B) Interactions between DELLAs with mir156-targeted SPLs. SPL2, SPL10, and SPL11 were fused to AD. GAI, RGA, RGL1, RGL2 and RGL3 were fused to BD. Interactions were examined on the SD Ade Leu Trp His (-ALTH) plate.

11 Supplemental Figure 11. Expression of NOD26 and LTP3 in response to PAC. 20-day-old short-day grown seedlings were collected two days after treatment. Error bars represent ±SE (n=3).

12 Supplemental Figure 12. A model for integration of GA and mir156 pathway. Under long day conditions, DELLA suppresses flowering both in the leaves and at the shoot apex through the interaction with SPL. The DELLA-SPL interaction interferes with the activation of mir172 and MADS-box genes. Under short day conditions, DELLA suppresses flowering through inhibiting SPL transcriptional activities towards MADS-box genes at the shoot apex.

13 Supplemental Table 1. Oligonucleotide primer sequences. Gene Sequence (5-3 ) Purpose RGA TACATCGACTTCGACGGGTA qpcr RGA GTTGTCGTCACCGTCGTTC qpcr RGL1 CAACAACTCTTCTTTCCTGCCTTTAC qpcr RGL1 ATCCCAATCGAATCTAATACACTGACTA qpcr RGL2 CTGCGTTTCCAAAGGAAGAG qpcr RGL2 GTCGGATCCTCTTGCTGCTA qpcr GAI AACTCGGCATGTTGTCCTG qpcr GAI AAAGCGCGTGAACGAGAC qpcr GA2ox-1 ATCAATGGCGGTATTGTCTAAAC qpcr GA2ox-1 ACCTTGAAGAAGCCGAAGTC qpcr GA2ox-2 GCAGGAGGCTATTGGCTTCTTCG qpcr GA2ox-2 CTGAGGATTAGCATTGAGGAGGAGATAC qpcr SPL3 GCCGAATTCATGAGTATGAGAAGAAGCAAAGCGG Y2H (pgbkt7) SPL3 GACGGATCCTTAGTCAGTTGTGCTTTTCCGCCTTC Y2H (pgbkt7) SPL2 CCATGGATATGGAGTGTAATGCAAAGCCACC Y2H (pgbkt7) SPL2 CTGCAGTCAGTTATAAAACTGGTTCAAGCT Y2H (pgbkt7) SPL10 CATATGATGGACTGCAACATGGTATCTTC Y2H (pgbkt7) SPL10 GGATCCTCAGATGAAATGACTAGGGAAAGTG Y2H (pgbkt7) SPL9 GCCGAATTCATGGAGATGGGTTCCAACTCGGGTC Y2H (SPL9dC) SPL9 CAGGTCGACTCATGGCTTCCTTCGTCGCTCATTAT Y2H (SPL9dC) RGA GGATCCATATGAAGAGAGATCATCACCAATTCCAA Y2H (pgadt7) RGA GAGCTCTCAGTACGCCGCCGTCGAGAGTTTCC Y2H (pgadt7)

14 SPL2 TCAGTTATAAAACTGGTTCAAGCTG Y2H (pgadt7) SPL2 GAGTGTAATGCAAAGCCACC Y2H (pgadt7) SPL10 GACTGCAACATGGTATCTTC Y2H (pgadt7) SPL10 TCAGATGAA ATGACTAGGGA Y2H (pgadt7) SPL11 CTATTTTGGTACAACATCATATG Y2H (pgadt7) SPL11 GACTGCAACATGGTATCTTC Y2H (pgadt7) RGA CGGGATCCTGGTTGACTCGCA Y2H (pgbkt7) RGA TTC TGC AGA CTC AGT ACG CCG CCG Y2H (pgbkt7) GAI CGG GAT CCT GGT TGA CTC GCA Y2H (pgbkt7) GAI TTC TGC AGT CTA ATT GGT GGA GAG Y2H (pgbkt7) RGL1 CGG GAT CCC TAC GCG CTC TGT GG Y2H (pgbkt7) RGL1 GCG TCG ACT TTA TTC CAC ACG ATT GAT Y2H (pgbkt7) RGL2 GCGTCGACTAGTGCTCGTTGACTCTCAGGAGAC Y2H (pgbkt7) RGL2 AACTGCAGTTCAGGCGAGTTTCCACGCCGAGG Y2H (pgbkt7) RGL3 GCGTCGACCCGTGGTGCTTATCGAGG Y2H (pgbkt7) RGL3 AACTGC AGTCTACCGCCGCAA CTC Y2H (pgbkt7) FT GGTACCATGTCTATAAATATAAGAGACCCTCTT Transgene FT CCATGGCTAAAGTCTTCTTCCTCCGCAGCCACT Transgene MIR172a CCCGGGAAAAATGGAAGACTAATTTCCGGAGCC Transgene MIR172a GAGCTCGCTTGTGGATCTATTAATGTCTTGATAAA Transgene GA2ox-3 CGGTCAAGGAAGAGATTGGGTTCGGTGAG qpcr GA2ox-3 ACCCTCTGTGTCGTTTGATCTGAGCAGTG qpcr GA2ox-4 AGTGTAAGGCATAGAGCATTGAC qpcr GA2ox-4 TACAACCGTGGCTGATTCATC qpcr RGA GGATCCATGAAGAGAGATCATCACCAATTCCA BiFC

15 RGA GTCGACTCAGTACGCCGCCGTCGAGAGTTTC BiFC GA20ox-6 GGACAGAAGTCTAGCGAAGTGAGTGAG qpcr GA20ox-6 ACGGTGCTGGTGGATAGTGATTCAAC qpcr GA20ox-1 CTGAGGAAGAAGACAAACCGAAGC qpcr GA20ox-1 TAGCCCGAGAAGCTCCATGATCTT qpcr GA20ox-2 AACGTGAGATCTGGTGTTTGG qpcr GA20ox-2 CGTTCATCGATCTCTCAAGC qpcr GA20ox-3 ATACCTCAACAGTTCGTATGGCCC qpcr GA20ox-3 AGAGAGTGTTCATGGCCTCCG qpcr GA3ox-1 AGGAGAAGGAGCAGCGGAGAAGAGGAG qpcr GA3ox-1 CATCCCATTCACCTCCCACACTCTCACATAC qpcr GA3ox-2 GACTTGCTCCACATTTTAACCAACGGAATCTTC qpcr GA3ox-2 CCACAGGTAAGCCATTGAGAACCGAGATC qpcr NOD26 GACATTACGGTTGTTGTTCGGACTT qpcr NOD26 CTATTATCGGTAGCAACGCCAG qpcr LTP3 CTAAAACCACACCAGACCGCCAAC qpcr LTP3 ATGCTAACACCGCACTTTCCAGGA qpcr TOE1 CGAGTTATAATAATCCCGCCGAG qpcr TOE1 TTAAGGGTGTGGATAAAAGT qpcr TOE2 ATGGAGAACCACATGGCTGC qpcr TOE2 GGTGCTGTAGCTGCTACGGC qpcr TOE3 ACGAGGAACGGTCATAATCTTG qpcr TOE3 ATTCCCACCACTCGATTTCCT qpcr SMZ AGGGAGAAGGAGCCATGAAGTTTGGTG qpcr SMZ GTCTTCAGAGGTTTCATGGTTGCCATG qpcr

16 SNZ CAGCAGATTATTACATGGGTTTG qpcr SNZ GGTTTAATTTCTGTGATCGGTAGA qpcr TEM1 ACCAGACCGGCAATTGTATATCCAC qpcr TEM1 ATCTCTTCTTGCCAACACACTCTACTG qpcr TEM2 GACTAGAGCGGCAGTTATATATTGAT qpcr TEM2 CTTTCCACCGCAAACGGCCA qpcr CO CCGGGTCTGCGAGTCATG qpcr CO GGCATCATCTGCCTCACACA qpcr FLC AGCCAAGAAGACCGAACTCA qpcr FLC TTTGTCCAGCAGGTGACATC qpcr SVP CAAGGACTTGACATTGAAGAGCTTCA qpcr SVP CTGATCTCACTCATAATCTTGTCAC qpcr RGA GAATTCTGAAAACTATATATTACGAGGTGTAC promoter RGA GAGCTCTTTTCAGCTATGAGTTTCGATTAG promoter

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