SY 2017/ nd Final Term Revision. Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B. Subject: Biology. Teacher Signature

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1 SY 2017/ nd Final Term Revision Student s Name: Grade: 10A/B Subject: Biology Teacher Signature

2 Biology Grade 10A/B Revision Work Sheet Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. The kingdom Protista contains the eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. 2. Sexual reproduction with spores evolved in protists. 3. Tissues, organs, and organ systems evolved in unicellular protists. 4. Sexual reproduction allows Chlamydomonas to delay development of new organisms until environmental conditions are favorable. 5. Amoebas move by means of pseudopodia. 6. Diatoms are the only type of protists with single shells. 7. Paramecium takes in food through its contractile vacuole. 8. Cellular slime molds form a mass of cytoplasm that has many nuclei. 9. Protists have an important effect on humans because they cause disease. 10. Malaria is caused by the protist Plasmodium and is spread by the bite of certain fleas.

3 11. Carrageenan is a product made by protists that is used to flavor many food products. 12. All fungi except yeasts have bodies composed of filaments. 13. All fungi are autotrophs. 14. In hyphae that have rhizoids, cytoplasm and some organelles can move from cell to cell, allowing nutrients to be shared by all cells. 15. Haploid fungal spores are formed by meiosis during asexual reproduction. 16. Zygote fungi are aquatic fungi that produce flagellated gametes. 17. The sexual reproductive structure of a zygote fungus is a basidium. 18. Sac fungi usually reproduce sexually, producing spores on conidia. 19. A basidium is a club-shaped nutrient-collecting structure. 20. Fungi usually form symbiotic associations with animals in lichens. 21. Commercial uses for fungi include antibiotics, wine-making, and cheesemaking. 22. As part of mycorrhizae, fungi break down rocks to create soil for plants to live in.

4 23. Fungi that infect human skin and nails are yeasts. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is not true about some or all protists? a. unicellular and heterotrophic c. multicellular and autotrophic b. unicellular and autotrophic d. multicellular and prokaryotic 2. The kingdom Protista does not include a. most of the single-celled c. multicellular seaweed. eukaryotes. b. slime and water molds. d. prokaryotes. 3. Which of the following characteristics did not evolve in the Kingdom Protista? a. unicellularity c. membrane-bound organelles b. gametes d. complex cilia and flagella 4. sexual reproduction : diversity :: a. flagella : cilia c. green algae : flagella b. multicellularity : tissues d. unicellularity : protists 5. Eukaryotes that lack the features of animals, plants, or fungi are classified in the kingdom a. Archaebacteria. c. Protista. b. Plantae. d. Animalia. 6. You have been given an unknown organism to identify. You find that it is unicellular and has a cell wall. Which of the following must it also have? a. chloroplasts c. pseudopodia

5 b. asexual reproduction d. one or more flagella 7. When Chlamydomonas reproduces sexually, it divides by mitosis, producing a. zygospores. c. haploid gametes. b. diploid gametes. d. zoospores. 8. Zoospores are a. produced as a result of meiosis. c. produced as a result of mitosis. b. diploid. d. all parasitic. 9. The haploid, gamete-producing phase in the life cycle of some multicellular protists is known as the a. zygospore generation. c. conjugation generation. b. gametophyte generation. d. sporophyte generation. 10. The marine green alga Ulva reproduces sexually by a. alternation of generations. c. mitosis. b. conjugation. d. aggregation. 11. Pseudopodia are used for a. Paramecium conjugation. c. Euglena reproduction. b. movement by amoebas. d. Paramecium mitosis. 12. Amoebas capture food by a. engulfing it. c. trapping it with flagella. b. using cilia. d. taking it into an oral groove. 13. When an individual diatom gets too small because of repeated division, it

6 a. grows to full size in its existing shell. b. slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and regenerates a new shell. c. slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and reinhabits its old shell. d. slips out of its shell and lives the rest of its life without a shell. 14. Algae are a. sometimes heterotrophic. b. always microscopic in size. c. found in fresh water, salt water, and damp soil. d. found only in fresh water. 15. Red algae a. are multicellular. c. have eyespots. b. are unicellular. d. have double shells. 16. Euglenoids are examples of protists that a. can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic. b. are only parasitic heterotrophs. c. are always autotrophic. d. swim away from light. 17. dinoflagellates : flagella :: a. amoebas : pseudopodia c. ciliates : pseudopodia b. sporozoans : flagella d. amoebas : flagella 18. The process in which two Paramecia come together to exchange parts of their genetic material is called a. mitosis. c. pollination. b. replication. d. conjugation.

7 19. Refer to the illustration above. Excess water in the body of the Paramecium is forced back out by the structure labeled a. A c. D b. C d. E 20. Refer to the illustration above. The structure that contains the cell s chromosomes is labeled a. A c. C b. B d. E 21. Refer to the illustration above. Structure C is the a. macronucleus. c. oral groove. b. contractile vacuole. d. micronucleus. 22. Refer to the illustration above. The structure that controls routine cellular functions is labeled a. A c. C b. B d. D 23. Funguslike protists reproduce by releasing a. gametes. c. zoospores. b. spores. d. plasmodia.

8 24. Giardiasis is a disease that is spread a. by direct person-to-person c. through contaminated water. contact. b. through the air. d. by the Anopheles mosquito. 25. Chagas disease is spread by a. kissing bugs. c. contaminated food. b. mosquitoes. d. contaminated water. 26. Which of the following is not a human disease caused by a protist? a. amebic dysentery c. malaria b. toxoplasmosis d. tuberculosis. 27. giardiasis : contaminated water :: a. amebic dysentery : mosquito c. malaria : mosquito b. amebic dysentery : giardiasis d. malaria : food contamination 28. The protist that causes malaria reproduces in the a. intestine of a human. c. red blood cells of a human. b. red blood cells of a d. stinger of a mosquito. mosquito. 29. Malaria is caused by several species of a. Toxoplasma. c. Giardia. b. Phytophthora. d. Plasmodium. 30. The stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium in which it lives in mosquitoes and is injected into humans is called the

9 a. gametophyte. c. sporophyte. b. sporozoite. d. zoospore. 31. Symbiotic protists live in all of the following organisms except a. termites. c. cattle. b. corals. d. bacteria. 32. Protists that play an important role in aquatic food webs are called a. plankton. c. anchovies. b. lichens. d. cyanobacteria. 33. The evolution of the plant kingdom can be inferred by studying a. green algae. c. red algae. b. brown algae. d. dinoflagellates. 34. A mass of cytoplasm that has many nuclei is a(n) a. spore. c. colony. b. plasmodium. d. amoeba. 35. A protist that almost destroyed the entire potato crop in Ireland in 1846 is a a. plasmodial slime mold. c. dinoflagellate. b. cellular slime mold. d. water mold. 36. A downy mildew gets nutrients by a. photosynthesis. b. absorbing them from the environment. c. making them from inorganic chemicals. d. making them from organic building blocks. 37. When an algal bloom dies, the bacteria that decompose the algae

10 a. deplete carbon dioxide levels in the water. b. kill the plankton population. c. deplete oxygen levels in the water. d. kill fish. 38. A protist used by scientists to study cell movement and cell signaling is a a. dinoflagellate. c. paramecium. b. diatom. d. slime mold. 39. Agar is a product used to grow bacteria. Agar comes from a. bacteria. c. diatoms. b. algae. d. amoebas. 40. Chitin is found in fungi and in a. clam shells. c. some plant cell walls. b. the outer covering of insects. d. snail shells. 41. Fungi a. contain chlorophyll. b. have cell walls that contain cellulose. c. produce their own food. d. have bodies made of threadlike filaments. 42. The cells of a hypha a. are diploid. c. contain chloroplasts. b. have no nucleus. d. are haploid. 43. The individual filaments that make up the body of a fungus are called a. vascular tissue. c. rhizoids. b. hyphae. d. stem cells.

11 44. Which of the following is not an example of a fungus? a. a mushroom c. a kelp b. a bread mold d. a yeast 45. Refer to the illustration above. Which features characterize the kingdom of which this organism is a member? a. eukaryotic, absorbs nutrients c. autotrophic, ingests nutrients b. aquatic, multicellular d. prokaryotic, photosynthetic 46. Refer to the illustration above. Which structure is responsible for meeting the food requirements of the organism shown? a. A c. C b. B d. D 47. fungal food : organic molecules :: a. pea plant cell wall : chitin c. fungus cell wall : cellulose b. insect exoskeleton : cellulose d. mycelium : hyphae 48. Fungi obtain food by a. photosynthesis. b. the nitrogen fixation process in their hyphae. c. digesting food externally before absorbing it. d. making it in their bodies.

12 49. Fungi obtain energy a. directly from the sun. b. from inorganic material in their hyphae. c. by absorbing organic molecules. d. from nuclear fusion. 50. Fungi digest food a. through photosynthesis. c. inside their bodies. b. outside their bodies. d. in their digestive tract. 51. Fungal spores can be formed by a. the fusing of hyphae. c. both mitosis and meiosis. b. mitosis only. d. meiosis only. 52. Refer to the illustration above. The illustration shows several a. hyphae. c. mycelia. b. spores. d. unicellular fungi. 53. Refer to the illustration above. The organism can reproduce by a. conjugation. c. male and female gametes. b. budding. d. self fertilization. 54. Chytrids are important because they a. provide clues about the evolution of fungi.

13 b. are all parasites. c. causes human diseases. d. are related to plants. 55. Chytrids were once classified with protists because they a. reproduce with spores. b. are unicellular and have flagellated gametes. c. have hyphae. d. have chlorophyll. 56. The group of fungi that includes the molds that often grow on bread is the a. ascomycetes. c. zygomycetes. b. basidiomycetes. d. chytridiomycetes. 57. Zygospores allow molds to a. remain dormant until conditions are favorable for spores to grow. b. digest bread. c. grow unusually large. d. produce antibiotics. 58. Reproductive structures of zygote fungi in which spores form are known as a. septa. c. mycorrhizae. b. conidiophores. d. sporangia. Life Cycle of a Mold

14 59. Refer to the illustration above. Structure A is a. a zygosporangium. c. a hypha. b. vascular tissue. d. a stem. 60. Refer to the illustration above. Structure B is a. an ascus. c. a basidium. b. haploid. d. diploid. 61. Refer to the illustration above. The process that takes place at C is known as a. meiosis. c. mitosis. b. conjugation. d. fusion. 62. An ascus is a. a sexual reproductive structure. b. an asexual reproductive structure. c. a kind of fungus. d. a structure for obtaining nutrients. 63. All of the following are true of ascomycetes except a. they have saclike reproductive structures in which spores

15 grow. b. their hyphae are dikaryotic. c. they produce asexual spores on conidiophores. d. they usually do not reproduce asexually. 64. Mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi are examples of a. club fungi. c. molds. b. sac fungi. d. yeasts. 65. Mushrooms and toadstools are members of the phylum a. Ascomycota. c. Zygomycota. b. Basidiomycota. d. Chydridiomycota. 66. In a symbiotic association, such as a lichen, a fungus provides mineral nutrients to a(n) a. animal. c. photosynthetic partner. b. heterotrophic bacterium. d. protist. 67. Mycorrhizae a. aid in the transfer of minerals from the soil to a plant. b. cause a variety of plant diseases. c. aid in the transfer of minerals to fungi. d. are found only on aquatic fungi. 68. Mycorrhizae grow inside or around the host plant s a. stem. c. roots. b. leaves. d. seeds. 69. A lichen a. consists of a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium in a symbiotic relationship.

16 b. is a clump of fungus. c. is found only in temperate climates. d. is a mold found on the shady side of trees. 70. fungus : lichen :: a. plant : mycorrhiza c. ascus : hypha b. mycelium : hypha d. mycelium : fungus 71. All of the following are economically important uses of fungi except a. bread-making. b. the production of antibiotics. c. the manufacture of gasohol. d. fertilizers. 72. yeasts : bread :: a. hyphae : wine-making c. food : mushrooms b. black bread mold : cortisone d. ascus : making cheeses 73. Fungi are important to an ecosystem as a. producers. c. decomposers. b. regulators. d. controllers. 74. The fungi in lichens prepare the environment for the growth of plants by a. producing oxygen. c. storing minerals. b. breaking down rocks to form d. decomposing soil. soil. 75. Fungi do not cause disease by a. absorbing nutrients from host c. producing toxins.

17 tissue. b. aggravating allergies. d. breaking down aflatoxins. 76. A dermatophyte is a a. fungus that infects skin. b. disease that kills fungi. c. symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants. d. sexual reproductive structure. Completion Complete each statement. 1. Two important features that evolved in the protists were multicellularity and sexual reproduction with the production of. 2. The evolution of allowed single-celled organisms to perform many functions at the same time. 3. When evolved, protists could become genetically diverse. 4. Although protists are diverse, they are all. Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas

18 5. Refer to the illustration above. Arrow B is pointing to a in the life cycle. 6. Refer to the illustration above. Arrow A is pointing to in the life cycle. 7. According to the illustration above, Chlamydomonas reproduces both sexually and. 8. Some protists undergo sexual reproduction only at times of environmental. 9. Ulva is characterized by two distinct multicellular phases: a diploid, spore producing phase called the generation and a haploid, gamete-producing phase called the generation.

19 10. Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in A moves and obtains food by means of. 11. Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in C moves by means of. 12. Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in B moves by means of. 13. Some amoeboid protists have porous shells called. 14. have double shells that resemble small boxes with lids. 15. The large brown algae that grow along coasts are called. 16. Protists that are strict photoautotrophs are called. 17. Poisonous red tides are caused by population explosions of. 18. Brown algae are the only algae that form more than one kind of. 19. Some protists have that contain light-sensitive pigments.

20 20. disease is a protist-caused disease that is transmitted by kissing bugs. 21. Disease-causing protists are transmitted mainly by insects or by contaminated and. 22. The stage of Plasmodium that infects the liver is called the ; the second stage of the Plasmodium life cycle, which infects red blood cells, is called the. 23. Plantlike protists produce, which allows most forms of life to live on Earth. 24. are related to green algae and are thought to have evolved from them. 25. Funguslike protists resemble fungi in that they reproduce with and they nutrients from their environment. 26. Cellular slime molds usually exist as single-celled amoebas, but they form and release when food or water is scarce. 27. A water mold caused the great potato famine in in The empty shells of diatoms are used as in cleaning agents. 29. Red algae produce carrageenan, which is used in the food industry to foods such as ice cream and salad dressings. 30. When hyphae grow, they form a mass called a(n). 31. The typical fungus is a eukaryotic heterotroph that has a body consisting of many slender filaments called.

21 32. Unlike plants, fungi lack and cannot carry out photosynthesis. 33. Fungi obtain food by organic matter. 34. Fungi that absorb nutrients in a person s body can cause life-threatening. 35. Fungi reproduce sexually and. 36. A fungal is a haploid reproductive cell that is capable of developing into a new organism. 37. Fungal asexual spores are formed by. 38. Fungi that produce gametes with flagella belong to the phylum. 39. A tough capsule that helps zygote fungi survive in poor conditions is called a. 40. Spores of zygote fungi are carried by to new locations, where they grow into new fungi. 41. A(n) is a saclike structure in which haploid spores are formed by sac fungi. 42. Asexual spores produced by sac fungi are called. 43. The familiar mushroom belongs to the phylum. 44. In a club fungus, meiosis occurs in the. 45. Fungi form symbiotic relationships with a organism, such as a cyanobacterium or a green alga.

22 46. Certain fungi play important roles in the nutrition of green plants by forming symbiotic associations with their roots, a relationship called. 47. Lichens are sensitive to chemical in the atmosphere. 48. Yeasts produce, which is a substitute for gasoline. 49. Fungi are among the few organisms that can break down the fibers in, which makes them valuable as decomposers in forests. 50. Some mushrooms are poisonous because they produce. Short Answer 1. What complex structures used for locomotion evolved in protists? 2. What do all protists have in common? 3. What is the pattern of reproduction in multicellular protists in which both sexual and asexual stages occur? 4. What is the method of asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism divides into two identical organisms? 5. What is the diploid, spore-forming phase of the Ulva life cycle? 6. What group of organisms does molecular evidence show green algae are closely related to? 7. Why is it useful to group protists by how they obtain nutrients? 8. Why are photosynthetic protists important in aquatic food webs?

23 9. How is giardiasis transmitted from person to person? 10. What part of the body is infected by the merozoite stage of Plasmodium? 11. What is an overgrowth of an algal population in an aquatic environment called? 12. How are the empty shells of diatoms used in industry? 13. What substance makes up the cell walls of fungi? 14. How do fungi obtain nutrients? 15. How are hyphae involved in obtaining nutrients? 16. What is the role of hyphae in sexual reproduction in fungi? 17. On what basis are fungi classified into four phyla? 18. In what reproductive structures are spores formed in zygote fungi? 19. What term describes the hyphae of sac fungi, which have two nuclei in each cell? 20. What is the recognizable part of a club fungus called? 21. What is the role of the fungus part of a mycorrhiza? 22. Why are lichens able to survive in environments where each partner could not survive alone? 23. What organism causes bread to rise? 24. What is the main role of fungi in the environment? 25. What organ in humans is affected in a histoplasmosis infection?

24 Essay 1. Why must all sporozoans be parasitic? 2. How do euglenoids illustrate the problems of classifying protists as plants or animals? 3. Why is the relationship between a termite and the protist that lives in its digestive tract an example of mutualism? 4. Describe three ways protists can reproduce asexually. 5. The diagram below is a generalized sexual life cycle of a protist. Redraw this life cycle so that it illustrates the life cycle of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. Indicate which cell types and processes occur in the human host and which occur in the mosquito host. Also, indicate where asexual reproduction occurs in this life cycle. 6. After a vacation in the tropics, you become seriously ill. Your symptoms include cycles of chills and fever every 48 hours. Why does your doctor suspect malaria?

25 7. Based on the diagram, describe how the malaria parasite reproduces and spreads from person to person. 8. Why are fungi well suited for absorbing food from the environment? 9. How is a saprobe different from a parasite? 10. Explain how, under different conditions, being able to reproduce by both sexual and asexual reproduction might be advantageous to a fungus. 11. In what way is sexual reproduction in fungi different from sexual reproduction in animals? Hint: Think about what happens during fertilization in animals. 12. Why are the two different kinds of hyphae in fungi called mating types rather than male and females? 13. Why are lichens a good indicator of an environment s health? 14. In what two ways can a fungus causes disease? Give an example of each.

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