The Wonderful World of Insects. James A. Bethke University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor Floriculture and Nursery San Diego County

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1 The Wonderful World of Insects James A. Bethke University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor Floriculture and Nursery San Diego County

2 Taxonomy The Insects The Orders

3 Part I Taxonomy Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms.

4 Etymology of Entomology Entomon from the Greek meaning notched (animals), insects < entomos, cut, notched - insecare is Latin for 'to cut in' (Insect) - ology from the Greek meaning "Study of"

5 Animal Kingdom Invertebrates (Phyla) 1. Porifera - sponges 2. Cnidaria - jellyfish, corals 3. Platyhelminthes - flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms 4. Nemata - roundworms, Trichina, filaria 5. Mollusca - snails, slugs, clams, and oysters 6. Echinodermata - starfish, sea cucumbers; sea urchin 7. Annelida - segmented worms, leeches, earthworms 8. Arthropoda - insects, spiders, crayfish, millipedes Vertebrates (Phylum) 9. Chordata - fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

6 Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda (Classes) insects, spiders, crayfish, millipedes body composed of ring like segments, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, ventral nerve cord, dorsal heart.

7 Classification Classification of the common housefly: Kingdom Phylum Class Subclass Division Order Family Genus Species Author Animal Arthropoda Insecta Pterygota Endopterygota Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica (Linnaeus) Scientific name = Musca domestica (L.)

8 What Makes a Bug a Bug? Three very important characteristics separate insects from all other arthropods and animals. Six legs Three body parts Wings

30 Mimic

31 Part II The Insects Insects (Class Insecta) ) are a major group of arthropods and the most diverse group of animals on the Earth, with over a million described species more than double the number of all other living organisms combined.

32 Successful Taxa The most abundant in numbers of species 3/4 of all animals are insects >1/2 of all living organisms are insects Largest group are the beetles followed by butterflies and moths;wasps, ants, & bees; flies; true bugs (more species of bees than mammals) Number of species is only an estimate since many are still not named - 800,000 to 1 million to 30 million Enormous diversity and found in most environments

33 Successful Taxa

34 WHY ARE THEY HERE? Important elements in ecosystems plant feeders, predators, decomposers, pollinators, vectors of disease, forensic entomology A world without insects?

35 Why are insects so abundant Small size and so diverse? High reproductive potential Short generation time Resistance to environmental extremes (dormancy = diapause,, aestivation) Readily adapt to changing conditions Dispersal via flight

36 Bugs are involved in every part of your life Directly - food, nuisance, bites, stings Urban Entomology, Medical Entomology Indirectly - food prices, pollination, crop pests, medical advances, genetics Agricultural Entomology, Biological Control, Invasive Species

37 Insecticide Resistance

40 Humor

41 Form

42 Metamophosis Insects, like all arthropods, have to shed their skin to grow. Two Types of metamorphosis Complete (Holometabolous) Egg, larva (grub, caterpillar), pupa, adult Incomplete (Hemimetabolous( Hemimetabolous) nymph (naiad), adult

44 Mouth Parts

45 Mimic

47 Crypsis

48 Crypsis

49 Part III Orders Orders depending upon the scientist

50 Hymenoptera

51 Collembola (springtails)

52 Thysanura (silverfish)

53 Ephemeroptera (mayflies)

54 Odonata (dragonflies)

55 Orthoptera (grasshoppers)

56 Phasmatoidea (walkingsticks)

57 Dermaptera (earwigs)

58 Isoptera (termites)

59 Blattodea (cockroaches)

60 Mantodea (mantids)

61 Zoraptera (zorapterans)

62 Plecoptera (stoneflies)

63 Embioptera (webspinners)

64 Thysanoptera (thrips)

65 Hemiptera (true bugs)

66 Homoptera (aphids, etc.)

67 Phthiraptera (lice) Biting lice Chewing lice

68 Coleoptera (beetles)

69 Tricoptera (caddisflies)

70 Siphonaptera (fleas)

71 Diptera (flies)

72 Mecoptera (scorpionflies)

73 Raphidioptera (snakeflies)

74 Megaloptera (Dobsonflies)

75 Psocoptera (psocids)

76 Neuroptera (lacewings, etc.)

77 Strepsiptera (twisted wing)

78 Grylloblatodea (rock crawler)

79 Lepidoptera (butterflies)

Unit 3 Insect Orders

Unit 3 Insect Orders General Directions: 1. To complete this study guide, please read the assigned readings for Unit 3 and watch the lecture. If you need additional information to complete this study guide,