HCMS_Science_7th Grade

Transcription

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3 : 1. Moths that live in forests tend to rest while clinging to the bark of trees. Students studying a moth population in the woods in Georgia found the distribution of moth wing color shown in the graph below. The woods contained trees that had mostly black bark. Over several years, a fungus attacked nearly all of the trees in the woods and the tree bark changed from mostly black to black with big patches of gray and white. Which graph shows the probable distribution of moth wing color a few years after this change in the trees? A. B. C. D. 3

4 : 2. A cat has 38 pairs of chromosomes in its body cells. Cat sperm cells have A. 19 chromosomes. B. 38 chromosomes. C. 76 chromosomes. D. 152 chromosomes. 3. Species adapt to changes in their environment through which process? A. extinction B. mating C. migration D. evolution 4. An aquatic organism has these characteristics: single cell, a cell wall, chloroplasts, ability to move, and a nucleus. This organism should be classified in which kingdom? A. Animals B. Fungi C. Monerans D. Protists 4

5 : 5. Sam is investigating the density of sand from his favorite beach. Which tools should he use? A. beaker and balance scale B. beaker, balance scale, and metric ruler C. graduated cylinder and metric ruler D. graduated cylinder and balance scale 6. Briefly describe one benefit and one harmful effect of genetic engineering in agriculture, animal husbandry or medicine. 7. Abby noticed that desert plants have very small leaves or no leaves at all. The most likely explanation for this is that A. larger leaves dry up and drop off. B. photosynthesis is not necessary in the desert. C. small leaves minimize water loss. D. small leaves minimize heat loss. 8. Which is an example of vegetative propagation? A. planting a tomato seed B. rooting a begonia plant cutting C. transplanting seedlings D. pruning a tree 5

6 : 9. Identify and describe the functions of two major parts of cells found in both plants and animals. 10. Biomes with the shortest vegetation are usually located in areas of A. low temperatures and high rainfall. B. high rainfall and moderate temperatures. C. moderate temperatures and low rainfall. D. low rainfall and low temperatures. 11. Groves of trees that are 20 meters tall and have many leafy branches would be a characteristic of which region? A. tropical latitudes B. tall grass prairies C. alpine tundras D. dry shrublands 12. In terms of the theory of natural selection, which explains why giraffes have come to have such long necks? A. Stretching to get food in high trees made their necks longer, and this trait was passed to offspring. B. Giraffes prefer other giraffes that have long necks as their mates. C. Giraffe food contains hormones that cause their vertebrae to lengthen. D. Giraffes born with the longest necks stayed alive when food was scarce, and passed this trait on to their offspring. 6

7 : 13. Based on the theory of natural selection, which explains why camels can go so long without water? A. Going without water for long periods makes camels so thirsty that they drink more water when they have it. B. Camels that live in the desert have learned not to use large amounts of water. C. Camels with more ability to store water and conserve it survived to pass the trait to offspring. D. The diet camels eat does not require water to turn their food into energy. 14. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall? A. tundra B. desert C. temperate deciduous forest D. tropical rain forest 15. In looking through a microscope at a plant cell, you notice some large, irregularly shaped green structures floating in the cytoplasm. These green structures are A. cell walls. B. chloroplasts. C. lysosomes. D. nuclei. 16. Which pair of words gives the unique base in RNA and the chemical it replaces from DNA? A. guanine, uracil B. adenine, guanine C. uracil, thymine D. thymine, adenine 7

8 : 17. A woman with blood type AB (genotype AB) and a man with blood type B (genotype BO) have a child. This child may have any of the following blood types except A. Type A. B. Type B. C. Type AB. D. Type O. 18. Fungi are characterized by having A. almost all of their body above ground. B. roots that provide water and minerals. C. long tube-like filaments that contain a nucleus. D. single cells that contain chlorophyll. 19. Which animal is probably well adapted to a hot, dry environment? A. a rabbit with small ears and fur that is brown in summer and white in winter B. a rodent that sleeps underground during the day C. a white fox with long fur, small ears, and a bulky body D. a long-legged bird that has dark feathers and eats snails and small fish 8

9 : To test a new fertilizer, a scientist first divided a ten-acre corn field into one-acre rectangles. She then divided each acre into four equal plots as shown below. 20. Within each acre, each plot received one of the following treatments: a new fertilizer at regular strength, the new fertilizer at double strength, the commonly used fertilizer, or no fertilizer at all. The same kind of corn was then planted in all of the plots. The main reason for dividing the field into plots is to A. control effects that might be caused by differing soil type, drainage, sunlight, and other variables. B. make the experiment complicated enough to provide data needed for publication of the results. C. determine if corn should be grown in some plots and a different crop grown in the other plots. D. make each plot small enough to be able to measure the growth of all the corn plants. 9

10 : 21. Which statement about food chains is true? A. Producer organisms are found at the top of the food chain. B. Energy is lost at each successive level of the food chain. C. Some food chains do not need producer organisms. D. Secondary consumers are always at the top of the food chain. 22. Certain species of orchids have flowers that look like female bees. This provides an advantage to the orchids by A. helping to trap moisture. B. attracting male bees to transfer pollen. C. discouraging flies from landing on the flowers. D. attracting birds that eat the flowers. 10