An Introduction to Bugs. Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
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1 An Introduction to Bugs Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
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8 An Introduction to Bugs Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
9 Arthropod Features Segmented body Exoskeleton Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry of design Dorsal heart/ventral nerve cord
10 Arthropod Characteristics Segmented bodies
11 Arthropods and some other animals have segmented bodies Segmented worms (annelids) Onchyphorans (velvet worms) Arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, etc.)
12 Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods
13 Arthropod Characteristics External Skeleton (Exoskeleton) Segmented bodies
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16 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Protection from: -Pathogens -Physical trauma -Insecticides, etc.
17 Eleodes darkling beetles (aka stink beetles. skunk beetles, circus beetles )
18 Primary advantage of an exoskeleton: Provides a means for small animals to avoid excessive water loss!
19 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Allows for development of: -Appendages Mobility is enhanced.
20 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Allows for development of: -Appendages -Specialized structures Enhance feeding, defense, movement
21 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Allows for development of: -Appendages -Specialized structures -Arthropod tracheal system of gas exchange Decreased water loss
22 Spiracles The exoskeleton allows for development of the arthropod tracheal system of gas exchange
23 Spiracle The exoskeleton allows for development of the arthropod tracheal system of gas exchange
24 Disadvantage of an exoskeleton:
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26 9:11 Darkening of a recently molted lady beetle adult 11:42 10:36
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28 Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell Lobster Meat Extraction Trial July 2015
29 Meat Extraction Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell Soft shell Hard shell
30 Water Component Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell Soft shell Hard shell
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34 Arthropod Characteristics Jointed appendages External Skeleton (Exoskeleton) Segmented bodies
35 Arthropod Characteristic Body plan is bilaterally symmetrical
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37 Incorrect
38 A Cricket s Valentine I YOU
39 Arthropod Features Segmented body Exoskeleton Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry of design Dorsal heart/ventral nerve cord
40 Classes of Arthropoda
41 Arthropod Class Crustaceans
42 *Subphylum Crustacea ; Class Malacostraca; Order Isopoda Terrestrial Isopods* (Sowbugs and Pillbugs)
43 Crustacean Features Two pair of antennae 7 pair appendages Distinct head area Body usually covered by a shield like carapace Oxygen acquired through gills
44 Seven pairs of legs Mouthparts
45 Immature stages of sowbugs and pillbugs are similar in features as the adults, but smaller a simple type of metamorphosis
46 Sowbug Molting Front half molts first Back half molts second
47 Molting occurs in two stages with the sowbugs and pillbugs
48 Pillbug (a.k.a. roly-poly ) Sowbugs
49 Sowbugs
50 Now if only I could roll into a ball
51 Pillbug
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54 Arthropod Class Diplopoda Millipedes
55 Millipedes Two Pairs of Legs Per Segment
56 Millipede Feature Two pairs of legs per segment
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62 Duff Millipedes
63 Arthropod Class Chilopoda Centipedes
64 Basic Features of Centipedes 1 Pair Antennae 1 Pair Legs/Body Segment
65 Most centipedes have 15 to 23 pairs of legs
66 Centipedes Head Pseudohead
67 Maxillipeds Prey is captured with the maxillipeds and are injected with a toxin (cytolysin)
68 Stone Centipede A common garden resident
69 Tiger Centipede (Giant Desert Centipede)
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71 House Centipede
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73 Orders of Arachnids
74 Arachnid Feature Two Body Regions Cephalothorax Abdomen
75 Arachnid Feature Four Pairs of Legs
76 Chelicerae Photo courtesy of Brian Valentine Pedipalps Face of a longjawed spider showing chelicerae and pedipalps
77 Spiders Order Araneae
78 Some spiders use webbing to snare prey
79 Some spiders hunt prey without the aid of silk Brian Valentine David Cappaert
80 Daddy longlegs, Harvestmen Order: Opiliones
81 Mites & Ticks Order Acari
82 Ticks feed on the blood of vertebrates
83 Scorpions Order Scorpiones
84 Pedipalps (chelae) for prey capture Scorpion chelicerae (jaws)
85 Stinger used for defense
86 Scorpions fluoresce in ultraviolet light
87 Scorpions fluorescing under black light
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89 An adorable baby scorpion! Common striped bark scorpion Centruroides vittatus
90 Sunspiders, Windscorpions, Solpugids Order Solifugae
91 Courtesy University of California
92 The notorious camel spider photograph
93 Orders of Insects
94 Arthropod Characteristics Jointed Appendages External skeleton/ Exoskeleton Segmented Body
95 Abdomen Thorax Head
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97 1954 Academy Award Nominee for Special Effects
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100 Head Thorax Abdomen Three pairs of legs on the thorax
101 Larvae of Lepidoptera, known as caterpillars, have 2-5 pairs of abdominal prolegs The prolegs are tipped with hook-like crochets
102 Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) have prolegs on the abdomen
103 Inchworms and loopers have only 2 or 3 pairs of prolegs
104 Whitelined sphinx (Hyles lineata) The common hummingbird moth of the western US
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107 Orders of Insects
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109 How Many Kinds of Insects Are There on Earth? Approximately 1 million different insect species have been described It is estimated that there presently exist probably 4-6 million species of insects; some estimates are higher New species of insects are described at a rate of about 7200/year
110 New species are being identified all the time
111 How Many Individual Insects Are There on Earth? About 250 million for every human (mushy guess)
112 How Many Individual Insects Are There on Earth? Insect comprise about 80 percent of the biomass of land animals
113 The 4 Rs Reading
114 The 4 Rs Reading WRiting
115 The 4 Rs Reading Writing ARithmetic
116 The 4 Rs Reading Writing Arithmetic Arthropods!
117 Metamorphosis Change in form
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120 A simple, or gradual pattern of metamorphosis
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126 Mosquito Life Cycle Adult (left) Larvae/wrigglers (lower left) Pupae/tumblers (below)
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131 Next up: Natural Enemies of Insect Pests
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133 What Should We Cover? Hummingbird Moths Yellowjackets and Hornets Whiteflies Slugs Earwigs Wood borers Bark beetles Japanese beetle Emerald ash borer Aphids Scale insects Spider mites Gall insects Nuisance invaders Grasshoppers Codling Moth Flea beetles.
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Arthropods. Ch. 13, pg
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