An Introduction to Bugs. Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University

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1 An Introduction to Bugs Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University

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8 An Introduction to Bugs Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University

9 Arthropod Features Segmented body Exoskeleton Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry of design Dorsal heart/ventral nerve cord

10 Arthropod Characteristics Segmented bodies

11 Arthropods and some other animals have segmented bodies Segmented worms (annelids) Onchyphorans (velvet worms) Arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, etc.)

12 Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods

13 Arthropod Characteristics External Skeleton (Exoskeleton) Segmented bodies

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16 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Protection from: -Pathogens -Physical trauma -Insecticides, etc.

17 Eleodes darkling beetles (aka stink beetles. skunk beetles, circus beetles )

18 Primary advantage of an exoskeleton: Provides a means for small animals to avoid excessive water loss!

19 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Allows for development of: -Appendages Mobility is enhanced.

20 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Allows for development of: -Appendages -Specialized structures Enhance feeding, defense, movement

21 Features of the Insect Exoskeleton Allows for development of: -Appendages -Specialized structures -Arthropod tracheal system of gas exchange Decreased water loss

22 Spiracles The exoskeleton allows for development of the arthropod tracheal system of gas exchange

23 Spiracle The exoskeleton allows for development of the arthropod tracheal system of gas exchange

24 Disadvantage of an exoskeleton:

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26 9:11 Darkening of a recently molted lady beetle adult 11:42 10:36

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28 Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell Lobster Meat Extraction Trial July 2015

29 Meat Extraction Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell Soft shell Hard shell

30 Water Component Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell Soft shell Hard shell

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34 Arthropod Characteristics Jointed appendages External Skeleton (Exoskeleton) Segmented bodies

35 Arthropod Characteristic Body plan is bilaterally symmetrical

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37 Incorrect

38 A Cricket s Valentine I YOU

39 Arthropod Features Segmented body Exoskeleton Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry of design Dorsal heart/ventral nerve cord

40 Classes of Arthropoda

41 Arthropod Class Crustaceans

42 *Subphylum Crustacea ; Class Malacostraca; Order Isopoda Terrestrial Isopods* (Sowbugs and Pillbugs)

43 Crustacean Features Two pair of antennae 7 pair appendages Distinct head area Body usually covered by a shield like carapace Oxygen acquired through gills

44 Seven pairs of legs Mouthparts

45 Immature stages of sowbugs and pillbugs are similar in features as the adults, but smaller a simple type of metamorphosis

46 Sowbug Molting Front half molts first Back half molts second

47 Molting occurs in two stages with the sowbugs and pillbugs

48 Pillbug (a.k.a. roly-poly ) Sowbugs

49 Sowbugs

50 Now if only I could roll into a ball

51 Pillbug

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54 Arthropod Class Diplopoda Millipedes

55 Millipedes Two Pairs of Legs Per Segment

56 Millipede Feature Two pairs of legs per segment

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62 Duff Millipedes

63 Arthropod Class Chilopoda Centipedes

64 Basic Features of Centipedes 1 Pair Antennae 1 Pair Legs/Body Segment

65 Most centipedes have 15 to 23 pairs of legs

66 Centipedes Head Pseudohead

67 Maxillipeds Prey is captured with the maxillipeds and are injected with a toxin (cytolysin)

68 Stone Centipede A common garden resident

69 Tiger Centipede (Giant Desert Centipede)

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71 House Centipede

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73 Orders of Arachnids

74 Arachnid Feature Two Body Regions Cephalothorax Abdomen

75 Arachnid Feature Four Pairs of Legs

76 Chelicerae Photo courtesy of Brian Valentine Pedipalps Face of a longjawed spider showing chelicerae and pedipalps

77 Spiders Order Araneae

78 Some spiders use webbing to snare prey

79 Some spiders hunt prey without the aid of silk Brian Valentine David Cappaert

80 Daddy longlegs, Harvestmen Order: Opiliones

81 Mites & Ticks Order Acari

82 Ticks feed on the blood of vertebrates

83 Scorpions Order Scorpiones

84 Pedipalps (chelae) for prey capture Scorpion chelicerae (jaws)

85 Stinger used for defense

86 Scorpions fluoresce in ultraviolet light

87 Scorpions fluorescing under black light

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89 An adorable baby scorpion! Common striped bark scorpion Centruroides vittatus

90 Sunspiders, Windscorpions, Solpugids Order Solifugae

91 Courtesy University of California

92 The notorious camel spider photograph

93 Orders of Insects

94 Arthropod Characteristics Jointed Appendages External skeleton/ Exoskeleton Segmented Body

95 Abdomen Thorax Head

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97 1954 Academy Award Nominee for Special Effects

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100 Head Thorax Abdomen Three pairs of legs on the thorax

101 Larvae of Lepidoptera, known as caterpillars, have 2-5 pairs of abdominal prolegs The prolegs are tipped with hook-like crochets

102 Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) have prolegs on the abdomen

103 Inchworms and loopers have only 2 or 3 pairs of prolegs

104 Whitelined sphinx (Hyles lineata) The common hummingbird moth of the western US

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107 Orders of Insects

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109 How Many Kinds of Insects Are There on Earth? Approximately 1 million different insect species have been described It is estimated that there presently exist probably 4-6 million species of insects; some estimates are higher New species of insects are described at a rate of about 7200/year

110 New species are being identified all the time

111 How Many Individual Insects Are There on Earth? About 250 million for every human (mushy guess)

112 How Many Individual Insects Are There on Earth? Insect comprise about 80 percent of the biomass of land animals

113 The 4 Rs Reading

114 The 4 Rs Reading WRiting

115 The 4 Rs Reading Writing ARithmetic

116 The 4 Rs Reading Writing Arithmetic Arthropods!

117 Metamorphosis Change in form

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120 A simple, or gradual pattern of metamorphosis

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126 Mosquito Life Cycle Adult (left) Larvae/wrigglers (lower left) Pupae/tumblers (below)

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131 Next up: Natural Enemies of Insect Pests

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133 What Should We Cover? Hummingbird Moths Yellowjackets and Hornets Whiteflies Slugs Earwigs Wood borers Bark beetles Japanese beetle Emerald ash borer Aphids Scale insects Spider mites Gall insects Nuisance invaders Grasshoppers Codling Moth Flea beetles.

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Arthropods. Ch. 13, pg

Arthropods. Ch. 13, pg Arthropods Ch. 13, pg. 374-382 382 Arthropods Insects Arachnids Centipedes and Millipedes Crustaceans Characteristics of Arthropods Arthropods have jointed appendages and include legs, antennae, claws,

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