ENDURE Grants for INCO scientists

Transcription

1 European Network for the Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies IA3 activity: human resource exchange SA3.2 sub-activity: foster the participation of research teams from INCO target countries ENDURE Grants for INCO scientists Final activity report (The form has to be fille in an sent to the activity leaer message shoul be sent to his p.a. within 1 ays after the en of the visit) 1. Information about researcher an sening partner Name an surname: Stella Kabiri Professional status: Research Officer Sening partner: National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO-Ugana) Institute/Department/Research Unit: Department of Crop Protection Aress: Mukono Zonal Agricultutal research an Development institute (MUZARDI), P.O. Box 164, Mukono, Ugana an phone number of the researcher: Kabiri16861@alumni.itc.nl/ stellakabiri@yahoo.com Supervisor name*: Supervisor *: Supervisor phone number*: *Supervisor information only for PhD stuent, post-oc an junior researchers 2. Information about hosting partner Hosting partner: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aarhus University, Denmark Institute/Department/Research Unit: Dept of Integrate Pest Management

2 Aress: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aarhus University Forsøgsvej 1 DK-42 Slagelse Denmark Supervisor name*: Dr. Per Nielsen Kusk Supervisor *: Per.Kusk@agrsci.k Supervisor phone number*: Collaborating colleague: Dr. Solvejg K. Mathiassen. Colleague Solvejg.Mathiassen@agrsci.k * For senior scientist inicate the name of the collaborating colleague 3. Information about the visit Duration: 3 Months Starting ate: 4 September 21 Ening ate: 2 December Description of the activities an outcomes Backgroun an context: Cymbopogon afronarus in Ugana s cattle corrior is characterize as a wee, a colonizer an an invaer an conceptually regare as a pest of natural an plante pastures. As a wee it grows where it is not esire, as a colonizer it appears in the early stages of succession series an as an invaer it spreas into areas where it is not native. Its wie an successful istribution in the Ugana cattle corrior may be attribute to lack of natural enemies in the new habitat therefore spreaing easily an quickly. However, its biological an environmental factors that regulate its persistence an growth have receive little attention. Also how these factors contribute to its invasive nature have not been investigate, yet they are essential in esigning informative management strategies. Thus, the research carrie out at the ENDURE hosting institution focuse on the biological an environmental factors that regulate persistence an growth of C. afronarus an how these factors contribute to its invasive nature. Objective: The local pastrolists in Ugana s rangelans practice burning of pastures in the ry season to allow reguvenation of new tener shoots after the onset of rains. However the temperatures generate uring these fires coul play a role breaking the ormancy of C. afronarus sees. Also the wee exues aromatic oils from its leaves that can be implicate in herbage growth suppression. Thus our objectives were; 1. To acess the effect of temperature an temperature uration to see ormancy an germination of C. afronarus. 2. To acess the allepathic effects of C. afronarus, on the germination of Cyperus rotunus (a wee grass) an Lolium perrene (a foer grass). Note: Brachiaria ecubens was the preferre foer grass for the experiment as it is a common pasture grass in the Ugana rangelans, but faile to germinate in time uring the ENDURE Mobility perio. Activities carrie out Activity 1: Assessment of the effect of temperature an temperature uration on see ormancy an germination of C. afronarus. Ten sees were plante in soil in Petri ishes an subjecte to, 4, 6, 8 an 1C in 4 replicates in a hot air oven. Each temperature treatment was subjecte to the sees for, 1 an 2 secons. The sees were

3 place in an incubator at 3C, for 7 ays (T1) then at 24 egrees for 4 ays (T2), with light of 16 hours a ay. After two months the sees were subjecte to 4 hours of 4C temperature then 24C temperatures for 3 ays (T3). The sees were then incubate at 24 C for 4 ays. The out come is illustrate in Table 1 an Figure 1 below. Outcome: Table 1: Cymbopogon treatment for breaking see ormancy T1, T2, Temperatur Germination Germination e Duration(sec) % % T3, Germination % Control Figure 1: Initial temperature uration for breaking see ormancy of C. afronarus Conclusion: The C.afronarus sees were generally not viable an germination very erratic. However, our results suggest that oscilating temperatures as those experience with rangelan burning may have an effect in breaking the ormancy of C. afronarus sees, promoting its inavsion. Activity 2: Assessment of allepathic effects of C. afronarus, on the germination of Cyperus rotunus an Lolium perenne. The initial extract was prepare from leaves of air rie C. afronarus leaves in a proportion of 1 g leaves/1ml of 7% alcohol. The mixture was left to macerate for 1 ays after which the extract was filtere an ilutions prepare. The first ilution, 1cH was prepare from.2 ml of extract in 1ml istille water. Dilutions prepare were 3cH, 6cH, 12cH, 24cH an 3cH (Figure 2). Maceration of ry C. afronarus leaves in 7% alcohol for 1 ays Essential oils extract Dilutions in 1 ml istille water First ilution: 1cH =.2 ml extract/1 ml istille water Figure 2: Extraction of essential oils from ry C. afronarus leaves 2 sees of both Cyperus rotunus an Lolium perenne were istribute in Petri ishes covere by Whatman#1 filter paper imbibe with 2ml of ifferent ilutions (3cH, 6cH, 12cH, 24cH an 3cH) an water (control) an sprea on benches at room temperature. The experimental esign was totally ranomize an

4 inclue 6 repetitions. Lolium perenne was left to germinate for ays an Cyperus rotunus for 7 ays. Variables essaye were: Percentage of germination (G%), Germination inex (GI), root an shoot by grae ruler, ry biomass () by analytic scale an vigour inex (VI). Data were analyze by SAS program to assess significant ifferences between the ifferent ilutions from the control. Outcome: For C. rotunus, G%, GI, root an VI, all oses were significantly ifferent from the control. There was no significant ifference between shoot of oses 3cH with the control. There were no significant ifferences between the ifferent oes an the control for (Table 2). For L. Perrene, G%, GI, shoot lentgh, root an VI, all oses were significantly ifferent from the control. There were no significant ifferences between the ifferent oses an the control for (Table 3). Table 4 shows the non linear regression analyses at ED. In general C. rotunus is more susceptible (lower ED values) than L perrene. Table 2: Effect of concentrations of C. afronarus essential oils on growth of C. rotunus Dose G% GI Shoot Root VI 4. a 8. a.1 a 1.3 a 1.23 a 82.3 a 3 ch b 2.3 b.1 a 1.23 a.9 b 4.47 b 6 ch c.81 c.46 a.63 b.27 c c 12 ch c. a. c.. 24 ch.. c. a. c.. 3 ch.. c. a. c.. Letters refer to significance accoring to Duncan s Multiple Comparison Test: If letters are similar the results are not significantly ifferent. Table 3: Effect of concentrations of C.afronarus essential oils on growth of L. perrene Dose G% GI Shoot Root VI 9. a a.27 a 4.42 a 4.7 a a 3 ch 76. b 1.2 b.26 a 2.9 b 2.67 b 24.4 b 6 ch 7.33 c 14.3 b.2 a 1.67 c 1.87 c c 12 ch c.1 a ch a.. e. 3 ch..61. a.. e. Letters refer to significance accoring to Duncan s Multiple Comparison Test: If letters are similar the results are not significantly ifferent. Table 4. Non linear regression analyses at ED (9% confience interval in parentheses). C. rotunus L. perrene Germination % 3.44 ( ) ( ) Germination inex Shoot 2.11 ( ) 21.6 ( ) 4.36 ( ).2 ( ) Root 3.3 ( ) 8.1 ( ) Vigour Inex 3. ( ).7 ( ) ( ) Conclusion: Allelopathic effects of C. afronarus to other herbage o inee occur. There are ifferences in sensitivity between species to these allelopathic effects. Even at very low concentrations, C. afronarus essential oils are very potent. Root growth of both species was more sensitive than shoot growth. For L. perrene, growth parameters are more sensitive than germination.

5 Essential oils from C. afronarus can be use to inhibit emergence of important wees such as Cyperus rotunus.. Links between visit activity an ENDURE One of ENDURE s objectives is to ientify short term solutions of optimising an reucing chemical use in existing farming systems. The aim is to mitigate negative environmental impacts an improve agricultural sustainability. The link between the visit activity an ENDURE, was to assess the possibility of ientifying C. afronarus allelopathic properties as a potential bio-herbicie/pesticie. Some farmers in Ugana use the ash of C. afronarus leaves as a pesticie in the concept of inigenous technical knowlege. Plant biomass is not limite, as the wee covers 11% of the country s rangelans an spreas at a very high rate annually. Its invasive nature coul be harnesse positively to provie solutions for resource poor farmers an pastoralists in Sub-Saharan Africa facing ol an new constraints. 6. Impact Ae value for the researcher: The stay in allowe me to Increase my knowlege in unerstaning the vast solutions that biological an environmental phenomena can still provie for current an future constraints in agricultural systems. Learn that it is possible to carry out many short term scientific experiments in a short perio of time. Learn to use state of the art laboratory equipment to acquire more accurate ata. Increase my enthusiasm in continuing with research concerning the evelopment of bioherbicies/pesticies. Stretch my network of multicultural experiences with one more culture; the Danish culture. Broaen my professional network with plant scientists in Europe by attening the final ENDURE conference in Paris, November, 21.. Ae value for sening partner an hosting partner: This stuy will enable the researcher to continue with experiments of this aspect on her return to Ugana. The aim is to offer the country with some solution towars the problems cause by this invasive wee. As an aitional follow up activity, Dr. Per Kusk has offere to continue collaborating with the sening partner institution towars the continuation of experiments, regaring allelopathic effects of C.afronarus on other inigenous pastures in the rangelans of Ugana. The network between the sening an hosting partners institutions has been strengthene for future collaboration in research. Date of submission 11 December 21 Dr. Maurizio Sattin IA3 activity leaer Approve