GCSE Biology B2 Revision Questions. 1. Draw and label the parts of these different types of cell, explaining what the role of each part is -

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1 B2.1 Cells and Simple Cell Transport GCSE Biology B2 Revision Questions 1. Draw and label the parts of these different types of cell, explaining what the role of each part is - a) Animal cell b) Plant cell c) Bacterial cell d) Yeast cell 2. Describe the process by which substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide move into and out of cells. 3. Through which part of the cell do substance move through during this process? B2.2 Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems 1. Describe the general role of the following types of tissue in the human body a) Muscular tissue b) Glandular tissue c) Epithelial tissue 2. Describe the particular role of the following types of tissue in the stomach a) Muscular tissue b) Glandular tissue c) Epithelial tissue 3. What is an organ system? 4. Describe the roles of the following organs of the digestive system a) Pancreas b) Salivary glands c) Stomach d) Small intestine e) Liver f) Large intestine

2 5. Describe the role of the following organs of a plant a) Flower b) Leaf c) Stem d) Roots 6. Describe the role of the following types of tissue in a plant a) Epidermal tissue b) Mesophyll tissue c) Xylem and phloem tissue B2.3 Photosynthesis 1. Name two types of organism that can carry out the process of photosynthesis. 2. What is the green chemical found in chloroplasts called and what does it do? 3. What is the word equation for photosynthesis? 4. Whereabouts does the plant get its raw materials for photosynthesis from? 5. Name three factors which can limit the rate at which photosynthesis occurs. 6. What process is some of the glucose produced by photosynthesis immediately used in? 7. Describe why some of the glucose produced by photosynthesis is converted into the following chemicals a) Starch b) Fats and oils c) Cellulose d) Protein 8. In order to produce protein, what does the plant need to combine the glucose with? Where does this substance come from?

3 B2.4 Organisms and Their Environment 1. Describe how each of these factors could influence the distribution of organisms a) Temperature b) Availability of nutrients c) Amount of light d) Availability of water e) Availability of oxygen and carbon dioxide 2. Explain how you would use a quadrat to investigate how the distribution of organisms is different in two separate areas. 3. Explain how you would use a transect to investigate how the distribution of organisms changes over a particular area. B2.5 Proteins Their Functions and Uses 1. What are proteins made up of? 2. Name four roles of proteins in the human body. 3. What do we call a protein that acts as a biological catalyst? 4. What happens to enzymes when they are subjected to extreme temperatures and phs? 5. What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system? 6. Describe the role of the following enzymes in the digestion of food a) Amylase b) Protease c) Lipase 7. What ph must the enzymes which are produced in the stomach work best at? 8. What is the role of bile in the digestion of food? 9. Describe how enzymes are used in the home in detergents.

4 10. Describe how the following enzymes are used in industry a) Protease b) Carbohydrase c) Isomerase 11. What are the advantages of using enzymes in industry? B2.6 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration 1. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? 2. Whereabouts in a cell does aerobic respiration take place? 3. What is the word equation for aerobic respiration? 4. Give four uses for the energy that is released during respiration. 5. What happens to our heart rate and breathing rate when we exercise, and why do these changes happen? 6. What happens to the glycogen stored in muscles when we exercise? 7. What substances are produced during anaerobic respiration? 8. How does the amount of energy released during anaerobic respiration compare with the amount released during aerobic respiration? 9. What is the oxygen debt and what happens when it is repaid? 10. What happens to muscles when they are used for long periods of vigorous exercise? B2.7 Cell Division and Inheritance 1. Whereabouts is genetic information found in cells? 2. Describe the process of mitosis and explain what it is used for in the body. 3. What is different about the number of chromosomes in a body cell and the number in gametes (eggs and sperm)?

5 4. Describe the process of meiosis and explain what it is used for in the body. 5. What happens after gametes join in the process of fertilization? 6. What are stem cells and whereabouts are they produced? 7. What can stem cells be used to treat? 8. How do we describe the offspring of organisms produced by asexual reproduction? 9. Why does sexual reproduction lead to variation in the population? 10. What is different between the set of chromosomes of a man and the set of a woman? 11. What is an allele? 12. What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive one? 13. What material are chromosomes made out of? 14. What do genes code for? 15. What is DNA fingerprinting and what can it be used for? 16. Describe the symptoms of the following genetic conditions and explain how they are inherited a) Polydactyly b) Cystic fibrosis 17. What is embryo screening and what can it be used for? B2.8 Speciation 1. What is a fossil and how are they formed? 2. Why are there so few traces of the earliest forms of life on Earth? 3. What can we learn from the study of fossils?

6 4. Describe how the following changes can cause extinction a) Changes to the environment b) New predators c) New diseases d) New competitors e) Single catastrophic events, e.g. volcanoes or asteroid strikes f) The cyclical nature of speciation 5. Describe how the following steps lead to new species developing a) Isolation b) Genetic variation c) Natural selection d) Speciation