STAAR REVIEW 2015 BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS:

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1 Name: STAAR REVIEW 2015 BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS: Which body system(s) would be used for running? EX: Food is chewed, swallowed, and passed into the stomach where it is broken down into nutrients. The nutrients are then absorbed into the blood in the small intestine and distributed What three body systems are primarily interacting with each other in this example? EX: A virus is inhaled from the nearby air and enters the lungs. Mucus is secreted and traps the virus. T-cells then destroy the virus. A cough is triggered by the brain to remove the virus and mucus. What three body systems are primarily interacting with each other in this example? EX: A hormones in a female possum are produced that initiate ovulation. What two body systems are primarily interacting with each other in this example?

2 EX: A drop in calcium in the blood triggers the release of a hormone called PTH from the parathyroid gland. PTH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium from urine and the release of calcium from bones. The kidneys also produce Vitamin D, triggering the small intestine to absorb more calcium. What body systems interact in this example? This is an example of. SYSTEMS IN PLANTS: What systems of the tomato plant are involved in the descriptions below? 1. Water and nutrients are absorbed and transported from the soil to the fruit. uptakes water. transport water and nutrients upward through the to the fruit. 2. Sugars are produced in the leaves and transported to the roots. transport sugars from the leaves throughout the plant. 3. Hormones are produced triggering seed production and growth. The produces hormones. move the hormones upward through the producing a flower. ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS: ECOLOGY is the process of building ( ) or rebuilding ( ) an ecosystem over time. What is primary succession? Primary Succession Opportunities

3 What is secondary succession? Secondary Succession Opportunities TIME Low Diversity High Diversity Lichens Mosses Ferns/Grasses Shrubs Trees are called organisms and are the organisms to appear in succession. At first, the species diversity is low, but eventually mosses, grasses, shrubs, and trees appear. The lichens cannot compete and disappear. RELATIONSHIPS What is Symbiosis? - One organism captures and feeds on another - Two species struggle for a limited resource - One benefits, the other is harmed - One benefits, the other is not affected - Both benefit each other

4 Predation? Competition? Parasitism? Commensalism? Mutualism? Human head louse and human: Hummingbird feeding on nectar while pollinating a flower: Eagle catching fish: Plants in a dense rain forest: An egret looking for insects stirred up by the movement of the rhino: Roles of Organisms in an Ecosystem Makes own food from sun s energy Gets food from other organisms Primary Eats plants ( eating PRODUCERS) Secondary Eats animals that eat plants ( eating HERBIVORES) Tertiary Eats animals that eat other animals (CARNIVORES eating ) What is an autotroph? What is a heterotroph? Tertiary Consumers Consumers Consumers Largest amount of energy, number of organisms, and %Energy Which trophic level has the least amount of energy? If there s 6450 Kcal on trophic level 1, how much energy would transfer to the 3 rd trophic level?

5 In the food web, identify: Herbivores: Carnivores: Producers: Organisms at the second trophic level: Organism with the highest concentration of toxins: Which organism represents the highest amount of energy and biomass: Ecosystem Stability: Discuss the ecological impacts of draining runoff water in rivers like in the picture to the right. What populations will increase? What populations will decrease? Discuss the ecological impacts of drought like in the picture to the right. What populations would be the first to suffer? What populations are most likely to be least effected?