Weed Management In Shoalwater Bay Training Area An Integrated Approach. By Tennille Danvers & Belinda Shaw

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1 Weed Management In Shoalwater Bay Training Area An Integrated Approach By Tennille Danvers & Belinda Shaw

2 Introduction to SWBTA SWBTA is located 80km north of Rockhampton, covering an area of approximately 274,000 hectares of land. It adjoins 180,000 hectares of coastal and marine areas, making a total area of 454,000 hectares SWBTA is same size as the ACT and Rhode Island (USA) and four times the size of the Republic of Singapore

3 SWBTA History Commonwealth acquired land which makes up SWBTA in 1965, SWBTA previously consisted of a number of pastoral properties. SWBTA is now surrounded by numerous land uses including Local Government roads, State Forests, National Parks and private pastoral properties all of which implement varying management plans for differing weed species in the region.

4 SWBTA consists of numerous ecosystems including: Ranges (upto 800m above sea level); Peat swamps; Sinkholes; RAMSAR listed wetlands; Seagrass beds (key dugong and turtle habitat); and 71 different Regional Ecosystems of which 99% are identified as in a remnant state.

5 Management Challenges Rainfall patterns and seasonal affects such as fire, drought and flood; Sheer size; Differing ecosystems, weed species and suitability of integrated control methods;

6 Management Efforts Greening Australia has been involved with weed management at SWBTA since During this time effort has been given to: Assessing the current weed liability within the training area; Identifying where weeds can be physically managed, contained, reduced and / or prevented from spreading into unaffected areas; Protecting key areas which have been identified of environmental and capability importance from weed invasion using techniques such as roadside spraying, buffer zone control and exclusion zones;

7 Management Efforts - Continued Developing the SWBTA Weed Action Plan ; Undertaking an annual works program involving control efforts, addressing strategic infestations of priority weeds and opportunistic weeds; and Implementing a control trial on Lantana in conjunction with Defence and DEEDI.

8 The SWBTA strategic management plan identifies 15 weed species which have been prioritised for control efforts with another 5 listed for opportunistic control. Focussing on major road corridors, creek systems, vegetation types, and capability requirements.

9 Why Lantana Trials? Lantana has been identified as a high priority species; Lantana poses a threat potentially impacting on high biodiversity and conservation values, particularly of the Shoalwater and Corio Bay RAMSAR listed wetland and endangered and of concern regional ecosystems; and Trials have been established to test control techniques within differing ecosystems and climatic zones of the training area to confirm which techniques achieve the most successful on ground results.

10 Lantana Trials Biological Control Assessment by DPI&F (DEEDI); Release of Ophiomyia camarae; Splatter Gun trials within two sites (Western and Eastern); Mechanical Removal (Posi Track); and Integrated Management follow up treatments (by use of chemical and / or fire)

11 Biological Controls Biological control agents active in SWBTA: Calycomyza lantanae a leaf mining fly; Ophiomyia lantanae a seed mining fly - most widely distributed biocontrol agent for lantana in Australia; Octotoma scabripennis a leaf mining beetle; Uroplata girardi a leaf mining beetle; Hypena laceratalis a leaf feeding moth; Lantanophaga pusillidactyla - a flower feeding moth; Salbia haemorrhoidalis a leaf feeding moth; and Neogalea sunia a leaf feeding moth.

12 Ophiomyia camarae Release Eastern side of SWBTA is more suitable for Ophiomyia camarae. 27th August 2008 five bags of mined leaves and one box of live adult Ophiomyia camarae flies were released. Within one month advanced herringbone like mines were found on plants within the release site. A further two bags of mined leaves were placed within the site in November 2008.

13 January 2009 mined leaves were located approximately 100 metres up the road and up to 20 metres in from the original release sites. A USB data logger was also placed in the site to collect data on site relative humidity (% rh), temperature ( C) and dew point ( C). Data collected will be analysis by DPI&F from various Ophiomyia camarae release sites to see if the fly has established more successfully in a certain set of climatic conditions.

14 Ophiomyia camarae Release Site Monitoring Data 31 Dec 08 Temperature ( C) Humidity (%rh) Dewpoint ( C) 0:00 1:30 3:00 4:30 6:00 7:30 9:00 10:30 12:00 13:30 15:00 16:30 18:00 19:30 21:00 22:30 Time

15 Splatter Guns Two treatment sites were established within SWBTA (Western and Eastern sides); Sites were treated using Glyphosate 460 / water = 1L : 12L; One spray (15ml) per half a meter of height or roughly every half a meter across a thick infestation. Treatments were conducted in sweeps of each site to allow easy access to the next layer of infestation in a months time.

16 Boomerang Creek (Western Side of SWBTA)

17 Dingo Drive Site (Eastern Side of SWBTA)

18 Mechanical Removal A Posi Track was used to mechanically remove lantana from suitable sites. It was the preferred machine due to its: 3.1 psi ground pressure low impact to the ground, minimal grass and soil disturbance and compaction; Rubber tracks low impact to the ground, manoeuvrability, minimal vegetation disturbance and minimal soil compaction; 60 hp ability to pull out lantana bushes; and 13 kph travel speed;

19 1.5 inch steel plated fork front mounted minimal soil disturbance and ability to remove plant quickly.

20 Observations After Mechanical Removal Native species such as Rubus moluccanus native raspberry were observed germinating in sites; Concentrated numbers of biological control agents were observed on remaining plants. Posi - Track is a very cost effective way to reduce lantana infestations

21 Integrated Management Approach It is essential that any lantana work is conducted as part of an integrated management approach; Methods used should be chosen specifically for your situation; Identify what you have in place prior to treatment (biological controls, type of lantana, condition actively growing or under stress); Look at all potential treatment methods, foliar spraying, splatter gun, mechanical removal, fire control, follow up treatment.

22 Questions? Contacts: Greening Australia, Rockhampton: (07) Defence Support Central Queensland: (07)

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