10/10/16 PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Where did this redwood tree and saguaro cactus come from?

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1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CONVERTING LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Where did this redwood tree and saguaro cactus come from? Where did the molecules that make up the cells that make up the plants come from? PHOTOSYNTHESIS Plants use water + carbon dioxide to make sugar Plants use sugars as material for building cells and energy to run cells Humans use sugars for: Food Shelter Energy Clothing Medicines 1

2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Occurs in the leaves of green plants Occurs in specific cells in the middle layer of the leaf Occurs in organelles called chloroplasts within the cells of that layer Reactants and Products (6) CO 2 + (6) H 2 O + light energy (1) C 6 H 12 O 6 + (6) O 2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Light-dependent reactions convert light energy to chemical energy Light-independent reactions convert CO 2 to sugar 2

3 Use the following resources: textbook; reading analysis; this power point; internet (esp. videos) Construct a concept map of the light dependent reactions A concept map makes connections between important terms and identifies those connections with verbs Use the following terms: Chlorophyll; light energy; water; H+ ions; electrons; oxygen; ADP; ; NADP+; NADPH; thylakoid space; thylakoid membrane; electron transport chain Also called light reactions or photochemical reactions Water + Light + NADPH + Oxygen Light energy is attracted by chlorophyll pigments Energy splits H 2 O into (2) H + + O + (2) e O 2 is released as waste 3

4 Water + Light + NADPH + Oxygen H+ collects in the thylakoid membrane Movement of H + helps to make H + combines with NADP to make NADPH NADPH and are used in dark reactions Water + Light + NADPH + Oxygen e (electrons) are used by electron transport chain Movement along chain moves more H + into thylakoid Used to combine NADP and H + into NADPH NADPH and are used in dark reactions Light Dependent Reactions Video d6evcw&list=pl485bec8a3222f264 4

5 Use the following resources: textbook; reading analysis; this power point; internet (esp. videos) Construct a concept map of the light dependent reactions A concept map makes connections between important terms and identifies those connections with verbs Use the following terms: Carbon dioxide (1-carbon molecule); NADPH; NADP+; ADP; ; stroma; carbon fixation; reduction; regeneration; C5 sugar; C3 sugar; C3 sugar (3) CO2 (3) C6 Sugar (3) C5 Sugar (6) C3 Sugar (5) C3 Sugar (6) C3 Sugar NADPH (1) C3 Sugar Also called dark reactions, Calvin cycle or photochemical reactions Three phase cycle that starts and finishes with a 5-carbon molecule 5

6 + NADPH + Carbon Dioxide Glucose Stage 1 Carbon Fixation 1-carbon (CO 2 ) added to a 5-carbon with help of enzyme rubisco 6-carbon molecule breaks into (2) 3- carbons Stage 2 Reduction H + added from NADPH P added from This energizes the 3 carbon + NADPH + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + NADPH + Carbon Dioxide Glucose Stage 3 Regeneration 3 carbon sugar is removed 5-carbon molecule is restored (using ) Cycle must complete (2) rotations to make (1) glucose molecule 6

7 Light Independent Reactions Video COMPARING LIGHT DEPENDENT AND Construct a Venn diagram comparing the two parts of photosynthesis Use the following terms: Light energy; chemical energy; è ADP; ADPè ; ; NADPH; NADPè NADPH; NADPH è NADP; H+; e-; CO2; H2O; thylakoid; stroma; chlorophyll; C 6 H 12 O 6 ; electron transport chain; Calvin cycle Cellular Respiration Converting Chemical Energy from Carbohydrates into Chemical Energy of 7

8 CELLULAR RESPIRATION (AEROBIC ) How do cells transform matter and energy? What are the major inputs and outputs of cell respiration? What is the relationship between cell respiration and study photosynthesis? CELL RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS These are opposite processes Products of photosynthesis are reactants of cell respiration and vice versa. Energy stored in photosynthesis is released through cellular respiration CELL RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis stores small packets of energy into a larger packet. ª Like turning in one hundred $1 bills to get a $100 bill Cell Respiration takes a big packet of energy and breaks it into smaller packets. ª Like turning in a $100 bill and getting five $20 bills. 8

9 CELL RESPIRATION OVERVIEW In mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, oxygen helps the break- down of sugars (glucose) to release energy to be used by the cell () Products and Reactants (1) C 6 H 12 O 6 + (6) O 2 (6) CO 2 + (6) H 2 O + CELL RESPIRATION REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS C 6 Glycolysis C 3 H 2 O NAD + O 2 Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle NAD H CO 2 C6H12O6 + (6) O2 (6) CO2 + (6) H2O + Glucose (6 carbon) breaks down into pyruvate (3 carbon) and (energy) Similar to reversing the final stage of photosynthesis when two 3-carbon sugars were used to make glucose GLYCOLYSIS 9

10 Pyruvate (3 carbon) breaks down into CO 2 (1 carbon) and electrons are used to generate (energy) Similar - in reverse - to the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis KREBS CYCLE Electron Transport Chain ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Electrons and H+ from glycolysis and Krebs cycle are used to generate At the end they come together with oxygen to form water Similar, but in reverse, to the ETC in the light reactions of photosynthesis CELL RESPIRATION ENERGY YIELD (1) glucose molecule yields molecules 10