After this lecture you should be able to Identify what factors are used to classify land biomes

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1 5-1: Land Biomes After this lecture you should be able to Identify what factors are used to classify land biomes Explain the common locations, abiotic factors, animal adaptations, plant adaptations, and threats to the following land biomes: Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest Taiga/Coniferous/Boreal Forest Tropical Grassland Temperate Grassland Desert Tundra

2 World Biomes Look at all the pre,y colors!

3 What s a Biome? Biomes are clima4cally and geographically defined areas on earth that have similar abio4c factors and play host to organisms with similar adapta4ons. The single most influen4al factor that determines what will/can live where is climate: Average Temperature Average Precipita4on Organisms will survive where necessary resources are available to them.

4 Tropical Rain Forest Loca4on Abio4c Factors Found near equator little variation in temperatures. No distinct seasonal changes. Hot and Moist < 1cm of Topsoil < 100in rainfall per year

5 Tropical Rainforests (cont.) Adapta4ons Threats PLANTS Growth in layers Sun is limited due to thick canopy Shallow wide roots Human use of land results in deforesta4on. Species extrac4on for human purposes. ANIMALS Colorful to camouflage in flowers Many niches within the canopy Symbiosis is common

6 Temperate Deciduous Forest Loca4on Abio4c Factors Around the 48 th parallel with distinct changes in seasons. Moderate temperature and moisture Deep soil layers with rich nutrients from detritus of falling leaves in rainfall per year in mul4ple forms (snow & rain.)

7 Temperate Deciduous Forest(cont.) Adapta4ons PLANTS Growth in layers Higher diversity than boreal forest. Thicker ground plant layer due to more sun Leaves fall and re- grow by season Threats Most of the human popula4on lives within temperate regions Excessive use of land and water resources by humans. ANIMALS Seasonal adapta4ons (loss of winter coat) Niches determined by loca4ons of food source

8 Taiga/Coniferous/Boreal Forest Loca4on Abio4c Factors Northern hemisphere north of temperate region. Long winters Soil poor in nutrients and highly acidic Average 100in of precipita4on per year, mostly snow. Short growing seasons.

9 Taiga/Coniferous/Boreal Forest (cont.) Adapta4ons Threats PLANTS Thin needle- like leaves maximize limited light/heat. Waxy coa4ng prevent water loss. Poor soil limits ground plants Common loca4on for mining. Slow cycling of nutrients makes pollu4on have a greater impact. ANIMALS Dull in color. Thick coats. Burrow & hibernate common

10 Tropical Grasslands Loca4on Abio4c Factors Near equator, primarily inland. Hot with long dry and rainy seasons. A.K.A.: Savanna in of precipita4on per year. Fire plays a large role in ecosystem due to long dry periods.

11 Tropical Grasslands (cont.) Adapta4ons Threats PLANTS Grow in tu^s/bundles. Drought resistant. Common to have thorns and sharp leaves for protec4on. Fires prevent foresta4on. Par4cularly suscep4ble to invasive species. Low eleva4on make it at risk for changes in sea levels and climate shi^. ANIMALS Migratory animals move for food Reproduc4on during rainy season increases survival Ver4cal feeding

12 Temperate Grassland Loca4on Found on either side of tropical region but have variations: Steppe: Flat, Dry, Cold Prairie: Flat, Dry, Temperate, Windy Chaparral: Hilly, coastal grasslands at about the 30 th parallel. Abio4c Factors Moderate temperature with wide range of daily temperatures Near foothills of mountains shapes climate 50-75in rainfall per year

13 Temperate Grassland (cont.) Adapta4ons Threats PLANTS Overgrazing Dryer = growth in clumps Wet = Wide spread carpet style Thick, oily leaves resist fires and conserve water. Uneven hun4ng of natural predators. Strong roots are wind resistant ANIMALS Diet changes with season. Mol4ng fur Grazing herbivores

14 Desert Loca4on Abio4c Factors Various locations, primarily inland with no major water sources. Hot and dry Very li,le topsoil due to winds/erosion Around 10in. of precipita4on per year Too dry for normal decay/ cycling

15 Desert (cont.) Adapta4ons PLANTS Spines Succulents (store water) Thick, waxy coa4ng (cu4cle) Shallow, broad roots to get li,le surface water Threats Recrea4onal use with disregard of impact. Species extrac4on for human purposes. ANIMALS Get most of water from food source Thick coat/skin to reduce water loss. Large ears for cooling. Nocturnal/burrowing.

16 Tundra Loca4on Abio4c Factors North of the Arctic Circle. Cold and rela4vely dry. Permafrost layer (permanently frozen layer of soil.) Short growing season. About 25in. Of precipita4on per year.

17 Tundra (cont.) Adapta4ons Threats PLANTS Grow close to ground. Shallow roots get limited melted water. Limited tree growth. ANIMALS Thick insula4on w/ light colored fur Migra4on common Few predators, but limited popula4on sizes Very fragile due to limited resources. Slow recovery. Oil drilling damage can be irreparable.

18 End of Lecture Objectives After this lecture you should be able to Identify what factors are used to classify land biomes Explain the common locations, abiotic factors, animal adaptations, plant adaptations, and threats to the following land biomes: Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest Taiga/Coniferous/Boreal Forest Tropical Grassland Temperate Grassland Desert Tundra

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