Insect Identification
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1 Insect Identification CPS Seminar May 13, 2011 Arnold H. Hara University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources 875 Komohana St. Hilo, Hawaii Phone: Website: There are 39 total slides. Click on Outline to close left pane. Use navigational buttons at the bottom of the slide OR Click on Slide Show at bottom right, then click on each slide to advance or right-click mouse to back up to previous slide or close slide show.
2 Topics to Be Covered
3 What is an Insect? Head Thorax Abdomen 3 body regions 3 pairs of jointed legs 1 pair antennae or feelers 1 or 2 pairs of wings *Hard exoskeleton requiring molting for growth. *Open circulatory system (no blood vessels). *Highly adaptable to the environment (land, water, air). *Accounts for 90% of known animals w/ 10+ million species.
4 The Hawaiian Islands Invasive Species Capital of U.S. * Worst-case example of invasive species problem in the U.S and probably the entire world. * Hawai'i's lush vegetation, warm temperatures and high humidity not only welcome tourist but provide a tropical paradise for the more than 1,000 alien plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates that have been accidentally introduced from all 20 o N corners of the world over the past 65 years.
5 Two Major Types of Insect Development I. Complete Metamorphosis II. Gradual Metamorphosis
6 Complete Metamorphosis Beet armyworm
7 Insects with Complete Metamorphosis Butterflies, Moths=caterpillars Flies=maggots Bees and Wasps=(larvae) Beetles=grubs
8 Complete Metamorphosis (House fly) Complete life cycle in as short as 9 days
9 Gradual Metamorphosis Stink bug
10 Insects with Gradual Metamorphosis Cockroaches, Grasshoppers, Crickets True Bugs (lacebugs, stinkbugs) Planthoppers (leafhoppers) Aphids, Mealybugs & Armored scales (males complete), Soft Scales, Whiteflies
11 Two Major Types of Mouthparts Chewing Mouthparts Sucking Mouthparts Mandibles are like teeth for chewing. Mouthparts modified to function like an hypodermic needle for sucking plant juices or blood.
12 Examples of Insects with Chewing Mouthparts Green garden looper Chinese Rose Beetle Katydid Walking stick Fuller Rose Beetle
13 Examples of Insects with Sucking Mouthparts Stylet Mosquito Aphid Stinkbug Stink bug feeding damage to macadamia
14 Chinese Rose Beetle Complete Metamorphosis Chewing Mouthparts Grubs Pupa Adult Grubs do not attack live plant tissue, but preferably live in loose rich soil, leaf litter, or compost. This beetle is nocturnal in habit. During the day they remain under leaf litter and emerge at dusk. Peak feeding and mating activity occurs about 30 minutes after sunset. It also prefers to feed on leaves with feeding or other types of damage, because these leaves release ethylene gas which serves as an attractant to beetles.
15 Dieback symptom Black (Coffee) Twig Borer Complete Metamorphosis Chewing Mouthparts Pinhole to gallery Adults Eggs Grubs Pupae
16 Younger instars Green Garden Looper Complete Metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts (caterpillars) Older instar Pupa in silken cocoon Adult
17 Monkeypod Caterpillars Monkeypod- Kiawe caterpillar Melipotis Monkeypod moth Polydesma caterpillar Black Witch, Ascalapha odorata pupae
18 Monkeypod Caterpillars *In the 1970 s defoliated monkeypods. *Eggs laid in crevices of the bark. *At dusk, caterpillars migrate to up the tree to feed in the canopy at night. *At dawn, caterpillars migrate down the tree and hide during the day in cracks and crevices in the bark or down into the soil. *Caterpillars pupate in the bark. *Egg to adult in 50 to 60 days. *Continued nightly eating of the sprouting leaves caused swellings or galling of the monkeypod. (Insects of Hawaii 7: 395, 1958) *Control by spraying tree trunk not canopy with insecticides or treat burlap or carpet attached to tree trunk that provides hiding habitat for caterpillars between bark and carpet/burlap.
19 Banana Moth Complete Metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts (caterpillars) Adult Damage Caterpillar cocoon
20 Banana Moth First discovered in Hawaii in Most related species feed only on decaying matter. Begin feeding on damaged, dead tissue and then attack living plant tissue. Bores into stem and feeds internally on the cortex and pith. Most noticeable symptom is the present of frass and debris bonded by silky secretions.
21 Banana Moth Damage Plumeria Pritchardia
22 Frit Fly Complete Metamorphosis Sponging mouthparts Oscinella frit, DIPTERA: Chloropidae Problem in turf. The adult fly lays its eggs on the shoots of young grasses and the emerging maggots burrow into the young shoots, causing withering of the affected plants F18A5856AC125749B002EC24F?open&ccm=200050
23 Beneficial Flies Flies are excellent biological control agents. maggots pupa Tachinid fly adult adult maggot Syrphid (Bee fly)
24 No in Hawaii larvae Parasitic wasp Bees and Wasps Hymenoptera adult Yellowjacket Ground nesting Paperwasp Leafcutting Bee Wasp attacking aphid
25 Aphids Incomplete Metamorphosis Sucking mouthparts Cornicles: Emits defensive fluids Orchid aphids Banana aphids Oleander Aphid Aphid damage to day lily
26 *No male aphids occur in Hawai i. *One aphid develops into an entire colony of aphids. *Aphids transmit serious plant viruses, such as the papaya ring spot virus, banana bunchy top virus, and cucumber mosiac virus. *Aphids easily develops resistance to insecticides. *Aphids are under excellent biological control in HI by: Aphids parasitized by wasps Biology and Control of Aphids Mummified aphids Ladybug Lacewing Pseudoscorpion Syrphid maggot
27 Mealybugs Foliar Root
28 Coconut Mealybug Nipaecoccus nipae Hosts: avocado, banyan, breadfruit, canna, fig, grape, guava, palms, Pritchardia Male cocoon Female
29 Scale Insects Armored Cockerell or Magnolia White Scale Soft Green scale
30 Development of Armored Scales Crawler to adult is about one month Armored covering formed by cast skins and waxy secretions Hibiscus Snow Scale Crawler white cap nipple stage 2 nd -instar virgin female gravid female female adult (underside) 2 nd -instar 3 rd & 4 th -instar male male (underside) male adult preadult Male adult
31 Armored Scales in the Landscape Coconut Scale Ti Scale Black Thread Scale _ actual size _ actual size Cycad Scale Mining Scale Female male _ actual size
32 Soft Scales in the Landscape Hemispherical Scale Wax Scale Barnacle actual size Red Wax Green Scale _ actual size Nigra Scale actual size
33 Whiteflies: *Major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops. *Difficult to control chemically because of resistance to common insecticides. *Most species under excellent biological control. Infestation on leaf Adult Nymphal stage Egg track - spiraling whitefly
34 Biological Control Strategies for Scales, mealybugs and whiteflies Pathogenic fungi and parasitic wasps Ladybug Immature ladybugs
35 Sooty Mold Sooty mold is caused by a sweet substance called honeydew excreted by aphids, mealybugs, soft scales and whiteflies. Plants with sooty mold indicates severe infestations of one of the above insects.
36 Ecological Control Strategies Ant Control Ants feed on sweet honeydew excreted by aphids, mealybugs and soft scales. Ants nurture these pests by protecting them from predators and cleaning house. Controlling ants will reduce these pests.
37 Thrips Complete metamorphosis Rasping-sucking mouthparts Wings fringed with hair (setae) In media or soil On flowers & leaves Stages of Thrips Photo by R. Mau
38 Thrips Feeding Damage Anthurium Ti-leaf Orchid
39 A BIG THANK YOU! For assistance: Pete Ballerini Kris Aoki Brian Bushe Susan Cabral Pat Conant Christopher Jacobsen Ruth Niino-DuPonte Reggie Hasegawa Clyde Hirayama George Nakashima Kyle Onuma 08 Feb 14
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