Linkage between genes for leaf colour, plant pubescence, number of leaflets and plant height in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Linkage between genes for leaf colour, plant pubescence, number of leaflets and plant height in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)"

Transcription

1 Euphytica (2005) 145: DOI: /s z C Springer 2005 Linkage between genes for leaf colour, plant pubescence, number of leaflets and plant height in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Yogesh Kumar 1, S.K. Mishra 1, M.C. Tyagi 1, S.P. Singh 2 &B.Sharma 1,3, 1 Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi , India; 2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS University, Meerut , India; 3 16/10 East Patel Nagar, New Delhi , India ( author for correspondence: drbrsh@yahoo.co.in) Received 12 January 2005; accepted 22 June 2005 Key words: gene mapping, inheritance, leaf colour, leaflet number, lentil, plant height, plant pubescence Summary Monogenic inheritance and linkage were established on the basis of F 1 observations and analysis of 13,498 plants in 42 crosses for leaf colour, 7046 plants in 27 crosses for plant pubescence, 1926 plants in 8 crosses for number of leaflets per leaf, and 3182 plants in 12 crosses for plant height under field conditions. Normal green colour of foliage was found to be dominant over light green, pubescent plant over glabrous, high number of leaflets per leaf over low number of leaflets, and tall plant over dwarf. Linkage was estimated from joint segregation analysis, taking two characters at a time in all possible combinations as significant χ 2 values were recorded for these genes. Gene symbols Gl, Pub, Ph, and Hl are proposed for these four traits, respectively. The genes are arranged in the order of Ph-Gl-Pub-Hl with the map distances of 21.1, 28.9, and 17.5 cm between them. This short sequence of four linked genes spanning over 37.2 cm has been called Linkage Group 2 of lentil. Introduction Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), although an important grain legume, has remained a neglected crop in genetic studies. For a well-designed breeding programme, it is important to know the inheritance pattern and linkage associations between various traits, especially those of economic value. Knowledge about linkage of economic attributes with easily scorable breeding-neutral traits can be used to improve breeding efficiency. Only a few genes for specific traits have been reported so far. The lentil chromosomes are not yet identified with genes for visible traits even though the seven chromosomes have been distinguished with molecular markers (Eujayl et al., 1998). In the absence of linkage established between molecular markers and visible morphological, physiological or biochemical traits, molecular mapping alone cannot be used fruitfully. Information has been reported on the inheritance of plant height (Ph)(Tahir et al., 1994), cotyledon colour (Y, B, Dg) (Emami & Sharma, 1996a,c; Sharma & Emami, 2002), pubescence development on the pod (Glp)(Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1989), peduncle (Pdp) (Emami, 1996), and whole plant (Pep, Pub) (Sarker et al., 1999; Hoque et al., 2002), pigmentation of stem (Gs) (Ladizinsky, 1979), pod (Grp, Pdp, Rdp) (Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1989; Havey & Muehlbauer, 1989; Emami, 1996b), and leaf (Bl) (Emami & Sharma, 1996), pod dehiscence (Pi) (Ladizinsky, 1979b), tendril formation (Tnl)(Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1989), flower colour (V, P) (Lal & Srivastava, 1975), flower number per peduncle (Fn) (Gill & Malhotra, 1980), flowering time (Sn) (Sarker et al., 1999), seed coat colour (Ggc, Tgc)(Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1990), seed coat pattern (Scp, Mot, Spt)(Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1990; Emami, 1996), black testa (Blsc, Blt)(Vaillancourt & Slinkard, 1992; Emami & Sharma, 2000), and biochemical markers (Tahir & Muehlbauer, 1994). Short sequences of

2 42 few linked genes have also been published (Tahir et al., 1993; Tahir & Muehlbauer, 1994; Emami & Sharma, 1999). It is, therefore, important to discover genes in large numbers and work out their linkage relationship in composite mapping with molecular markers. In a detailed survey of world germplasm maintained in the Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Delhi, about three dozen visible traits could be identified that are suitable for genetic analysis. Acceptably, this is too small a number of discrete traits and genes for a meaningful programme of genetic mapping. Many more genes need to be discovered through mutation induction. Nevertheless, an attempt was made to investigate the mode of inheritance of the identified traits and establish linkage relationships between their genes. The present study reports a short sequence of four linked genes. Materials and methods The experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of the Division of Genetics, IARI, Delhi, during A total of 35, 30, 13, and 19 genotypes were involved in crossing programme to study the inheritance of leaf colour, plant pubescence, number of leaflets per leaf, and plant height, respectively. All the crosses were made at the Wheat Summer Nursery, Dalang Maidan, Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. The F 1 seeds were sown in Delhi. The F 2 populations along with the parent strains and F 1 plants were raised in spaced out rows to ensure easy single plant observation. Observations on leaf colour, number of leaflets per leaf, and plant height were recorded at pod filling stage to physiological maturity of pods, i.e days after sowing. Presence or absence of pubescence was recorded days after sowing. To study the inheritance of each trait, χ 2 was estimated by the standard formula. Linkage was detected from joint segregation analysis (Mather, 1951) and map distance as suggested by Kosambi (1944). Results and discussion Green leaf colour Two distinct genotypes were identified within the range of green colour of foliage usually found in natural germplasm. Based on intensity of coloration they were called as normal green and light green. In contrast with the usual chlorophyll mutations of various kind, the genotypes with light green foliage do not seem to be handicapped in terms of viability, fertility, or productivity. Inheritance of colour intensity was studied in 42 crosses (Table 1). The F 1 plants of all the crosses produced normal green foliage. The F 2 populations segregated into plants with normal green and light green foliage with a good fit to 3:1 ratio with nonsignificant χ 2 values (χ 2 = ; P = ). The ratio was confirmed from the analysis of the pooled population of 13,498 F 2 plants (χ 2 = 0.22; P = 0.65) with nonsignificant heterogeneity among the crosses (χhet. 2 = at 41 df; P = 0.93). The intensity of colour within the normal range is thus controlled by a single gene. The gene symbol Dgl was proposed earlier for this trait (Hoque et al., 2002). However, the dark green leaf colour of the dominant allele in this case falls in the normal range. Few accessions in the germplasm have much darker green foliage than the normal green leaf in the present case (wild type) which is due to pleiotropic effect of a gene which in recessive condition produces dark green cotyledons (Sharma & Emami, 2002). Therefore, the darker green colour of foliage within the normal range must be distinguished from other dark green phenotypes. This will also avoid the confusion if more mutations with much darker green foliage beyond the normal range are discovered subsequently. We consider it appropriate to call the two phenotypes investigated in the present study as normal green and light green leaf. Consequently, the gene symbol is revised to Gl (green leaf), with the recessive allele gl producing light green foliage. Plant pubescence The presence or absence of pubescence on pod was first investigated by Vandenberg and Slinkard (1989) and gene symbol Glp (for glabrous pod) was proposed. Sarker et al. (1999) assigned gene symbol Pep for the same trait in pilosae lentils of South Asia and demonstrated its linkage with the genes for seed coat pattern (Scp) and flowering time (Sn). Emami (1996) proposed gene symbol Pdp for peduncle pubescence, but this gene symbol was also proposed for the gene causing violet stripes on the pod (Havey & Muehlbauer, 1989). Sarker et al. (1999) used gene symbol Pep for pubescence development on the whole plant and peduncle alternatingly in the pilosae lentils of South Asia, i.e. the cultivated lentils of the Indian subcontinent

3 43 Table 1. for leaf colour in lentil Cross Female parent Male parent F 1 phenotype Normal green Light green χ 2 (3:1) P Normal Light green L B-G-8 Normal green L 263 L 435 Normal green L Y-13 Normal green L 4378 P Normal green L B-G-8 Normal green L 4384 Precoz Normal green L 6163 P Normal green L 6163 Dwarf mut. Normal green PL B-G-8 Normal green PL 406 L 3685 Normal green PKVL 1 MC 6 Normal green Pusa 4 P Normal green Sehore74-3 Precoz Normal green L 435 Normal green Precoz Normal green B-2 Precoz Normal green B-21 P Normal green B-21 EC Normal green Light Normal green L 435 L 1304 Normal green L 4602 Fsciated mut. Normal green LC L 4149 Normal green LC B-2 Normal green Precoz L 830 Normal green Precoz L 4076 Normal green P E 153 Normal green P L 6163 Normal green P L 1304 Normal green P L 4378 Normal green Dwarf mut. P Normal green EC L 4378 Normal green EC Pusa 4 Normal green EC B-2 Normal green EC L 1304 Normal green EC PL 406 Normal green EC B-2 Normal green MC Normal green MC 6 L 4387 Normal green MC 6 L 4384 Normal green MC 6 Sehore74-3 Normal green Y-50 L 1304 Normal green Y-26globe Sehore74-3 Normal green Pooled over 42 crosses Normal green Heterogeneity (41 df)

4 44 (sometimes also referred to as Indian lentils ). Our observations on a very large volume of germplasm accessions confirmed beyond doubt that pubescence development is not confined to the inflorescence or pod alone. The whole plant is either pubescent or glabrous. Pubescence, when present, is most conspicuous at the growing apex of the plant and on the inflorescence, especially the peduncles and calyx. To avoid multiplicity of gene symbols for the same trait, we have proposed gene symbol Pub for pubescence formation on the lentil plant (Hoque et al., 2002). It needs to be explored if there are Pub alleles responsible for tissue-specific expression. The inheritance of pubescence development on the plant was studied in 27 crosses (Table 2). The F 1 plants of all the crosses were pubescent. The F 2 populations of all the crosses segregated with a good fit to the ratio of 3 pubescent:1 glabrous (χ 2 = ; P = ). The ratio was confirmed by the analysis of pooled population of 7074 F 2 plants (χ 2 = 1.43; P = 0.24), heterogeneity among the crosses being nonsignificant (χ 2 Het. = at 26 df; P = 0.76). Thus, the presence of pubescence on the lentil plant is dominant over its absence (glabrous plant) and the trait is monogenically inherited. This trait was not described in its full manifestation earlier. Therefore, the gene symbols Table 2. for plant pubescence in lentil Cross Female parent Male parent F 1 phenotype Pubescent Glabrous χ 2 (3:1) P Pubescent Glabrous L B-G-8 Pubescent L Y-13 Pubescent L 6163 P Pubescent LH L 3685 Pubescent PL 406 L 3685 Pubescent PL B-G-8 Pubescent Pusa 4 P Pubescent Dwarf mut. P Pubescent Sehore 74-3 Precoz Pubescent L 435 Pubescent P Pubescent B-2 Precoz Pubescent B-2 L 3685 Pubescent Glabrous Pubescent L 435 L 1304 Pubescent L 4602 Fasciated mut. Pubescent Precoz L 830 Pubescent Precoz L 4076 Pubescent Precoz PKVL 1 Pubescent P L 6163 Pubescent P L1304 Pubescent P PL639 Pubescent MC 6 Sehore 74-3 Pubescent EC B-2 Pubescent EC B-2 Pubescent EC PL 406 Pubescent EC L 1304 Pubescent Y-50 L 1304 Pubescent Pooled over 27 crosses Heterogeneity (26 df)

5 45 Table 3. for number of leaflets per leaf in lentil Cross Female parent Male parent F 1 phenotype High Low χ 2 (3:1) P High Low leaflet no. L B-G-8 High L B-G-8 High PL B-G-8 High EC B-G-8 High Low High leaflet no. L 4602 Fasciated mutant High LC L 6163 High Precoz High Y-50 L 1304 High Pooled over 8 crosses Heterogeneity (7 df) Table 4. for plant height in lentil Cross Female parent Male parent F 1 phenotype Tall Dwarf χ 2 (3:1) P Tall Dwarf L B-G-8 Tall L Y-13 Tall L 3685 Precoz Tall LH Dwarf mut. Tall B-21 P Tall Dwarf Tall L 830 globe L 6163 Tall L 4602 Fasciated mut. Tall P L 6163 Tall P L 1304 Tall Dwarf mut. P Tall EC L 1304 Tall EC PL 406 Tall Pooled over 12 crosses Heterogeneity (11 df) Glp (Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1989) and Pdp (Emami, 1996) are held invalid. Number of leaflets per leaf The leaves in macrosperma lentils are usually longer with conspicuously larger number of leaflet pairs than the microsperma types, although the longer leaf trait has now been transferred to several microsperma genotypes. The inheritance of this trait has not been studied earlier. The inheritance of leaflet number was studied in eight crosses taking parental strains with distinctly different number of leaflets per leaf (Table 3). The number of leaflets per leaf was in the range of 6 8 pairs in the long-leaf genotypes and 4 5 pairs in the strains with shorter leaves. The F 1 plants in all the crosses had high number of leaflets per leaf. The F 2 populations always segregated into 3 high:1 low-leaflet plants (χ 2 = ; P = ). The pooled analysis of 1926 F 2 plants over all the crosses confirmed 3:1 ratio (χ 2 = 1.28; P = 0.26) with nonsignificant

6 46 Table 5. Joint segregation and linkage intensity of the gene Gl (green leaf) with Pub (plant pubescence), Ph (plant height), and Hl (number of leaflets per leaf) in lentil χ 2 Loc. Loc. Joint P R.F. Map Gene pair (X)-(Y) Cross XX Xy xy xy X (3:1) Y (3:1) segregation (Linkage) (%) distance (cm) Gl-Pub (Coupling) Pusa 4 P L B-G P L PL B-G < L Y < P L < EC B < L 435 L < MC 6 Sehore < EC Pusa < Precoz L < L.4602 Fasciated mut < EC B < B-2 Precoz < Dwarf mut. P < Pooled analysis < Heterogeneity (14 df) <0.01 Gl-Ph (Coupling) L B-G < B-21 P < EC PL < P L < L Y < P L < L 4602 Fasciated mut < Pooled analysis < Heterogeneity (6 df) Gl-Hl (Coupling) L B-G < PL B-G < L 4602 Fasciated mut < Precoz < Pooled analysis < Heterogeneity (3 df) heterogeneity among them (χhet. 2 = 4.91 at 7 df; P = 0.67). These results confirm that high number of leaflets is monogenically dominant over the low-number phenotype. The gene symbol Hl is proposed to denote high number of leaflets per leaf. The plant produces fewer leaflets per leaf in homozygous recessive (hl hl) condition. Plant height The inheritance of plant height (tall and dwarf) was studied in 12 crosses which involved 9 tall and 10 dwarf genotypes in different combinations (Table 4). The F 1 plants were tall in all the crosses. In F 2,a3 tall:1 dwarf ratio (χ 2 = ; P = ) was obtained in all the crosses analyzed individually. This pattern was confirmed when the data of 3182 F 2 plants in the 12 crosses were subjected to pooled analysis (χ 2 = 3.03; P = 0.09), heterogeneity among them being nonsignificant (χhet. 2 = 4.68 at 11 df; P = 0.94). Thus, plant height is also a monogenic trait with tallness dominant over dwarfness. The gene symbol Ph is already proposed for this trait (Tahir et al., 1994).

7 Table 6. Joint segregation and linkage intensity of the gene Pub (plant pubescence) with Ph (plant height), and Hl (number of leaflets per leaf) in lentil χ 2 Joint P Map Gene pair (X)-(Y) Cross XY Xy xy xy Loc. X Loc. Y segregation (Linkage) R.F. (%) distance (cm) Pub-Ph (Coupling) EC L EC PL P L < L Y P L < L 4602 Fasciated mut < Pooled analysis < Heterogeneity (5 df) Pub-Hl (Coupling) L B-G < PL B-G < Y-50 L < L 4602 Fasciated mut < Pooled analysis < Heterogeneity (3 df) < Table 7. Joint segregation and linkage intensity between the genes Ph (plant height) and Hl (number of leaflets per leaf) in lentil χ 2 Joint Map Gene pair (X)-(Y) Cross XY Xy xy xy Loc. X (3:1) Loc. Y (3:1) segregation P (Linkage) R.F. (%) distance (cm) Ph-Hl (Coupling) L B-G < Detection of linkage Fifteen crosses were analyzed to detect linkage between the genes Gl and Pub (Table 5). Joint segregation analysis in the F 2 of each cross as well as in the pooled data of 3858 F 2 plants revealed highly significant linkage χ 2 for the Gl-Pub gene pair, ranging from 9.3 to 649.8; P = 0.01 or less. The recombination percentage was in the range of in different crosses in coupling phase. The recombination value in pooled data was 26.1%. The map distance varied from 12.6 to 45.8 cm in different crosses, with the average of 28.9 cm (Table 5). The joint segregation of the gene Gl with Ph was studied in seven crosses (Table 5). The linkage χ 2 values were highly significant in each cross individually as well as in the pooled data of 1680 F 2 plants, indicating Gl-Ph linkage (χl 2 = ; P < 0.01). The coupling phase recombination value ranged from 13.3 to 22.0% in different crosses, and 19.9% in pooled data, which corresponds to the map distance of cm (average 21.1 cm). Linkage between Gl and Hl was revealed in four crosses (Table 5) individually as well as in pooled analysis of 1057 F 2 plants (χl 2 = ; P < 0.01). The recombination rate in coupling phase was % (24.8% averaged over all the crosses). The map distance varied from 20.9 to 39.3 cm, with the mean value of 27.2 cm. Joint segregation in the F 2 of each of the six crosses as well as pooled population of 977 plants (Table 6) confirmed Pub-Ph linkage (χl 2 = ; P < 0.01). The recombination fraction was in the range of % in individual crosses, and 29.7% over all the crosses in coupling phase, which corresponds to the map distance of cm in individual crosses, with the mean of 34.2 cm. The Pep gene showed 38% recombination with Sn in an earlier study (Sarker et al., 1999). The Ph-Pub recombination recorded in this study was 29.7%. This means that Ph is either located close to Sn or at almost similar distance on the opposite side beyond Hl. In the latter event, the genes Scp and Hl should be tightly linked as they recombined with Pep at 18% frequency

8 48 References Figure 1. Linkage group 2 of lentil. Map distances in cm. in the experiment of Sarker et al. (1999) and 16.8% (Pub-Hl) inthe present study (see below). Joint segregation analysis of the gene Pub with Hl (Table 6) had highly significant linkage χ 2 in each cross individually as well as in the pooled data of 1204 F 2 plants, indicating linkage between these genes (χl 2 = ; P < 0.01). The recombination frequency varied from 7.1 to 33.1% in different crosses in coupling phase, and 16.8% in pooled data. The map distance varied from 7.1 to 39.8 cm in different crosses (17.5 cm on pooled basis). Analysis of the F 2 population of 424 plants in the cross L B-G-8 revealed strong linkage between Ph and Hl (χl 2 = 43.6; P < 0.01). The recombination frequency was 31.6% and map distance 37.2 cm in coupling phase (Table 7). Limited information was reported earlier on the inheritance and linkage of three of the four traits covered in this study, i.e. green leaf colour (Gl), plant pubescence (Pub), and plant height (Ph). One more trait (leaflet number) has been added to this linkage group. The monogenic trait of pubescence development was identified differently in earlier studies as peduncle pubescence (Emami, 1996), pod pubescence (Vandenberg & Slinkard, 1989), and whole plant pubescence in pilosae lentils (Sarker et al., 1999) with three gene symbols (Pdp, Glp and Pep, respectively). The present study seeks to correct this anomaly by treating pubescence development on the plant as a single trait with gene symbol Pub for all types of cultivated, semiwild, and wild lentils. The inheritance of plant height with the gene symbol Ph was investigated earlier (Tahir et al., 1994) without determining its affinity to any linkage group. The arrangement of genes derived from different crosses is presented in Figure 1. The order of genes after putting all the segments together is Ph-Gl-Pub- Hl. The map positions of Dgl (now called Gl) and Pub are shown on the basis of an earlier report on their linkage (Hoque et al., 2002). Emami, M.K., Genetic mapping in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) (Ph.D. Thesis). Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Emami, M.K. & B. Sharma, 1996a. Digenic control of cotyledon colour in lentil (Lens culinaris). Indian J Genet 56(3): Emami, M.K. & B. Sharma, 1996b. Inheritance of brown leaf pigmentation in lentil. Indian J Genet 56(3): Emami, M.K. & B. Sharma, 1996c. Confirmation of digenic inheritance of cotyledon colour in lentil (Lens culinaris). Indian J Genet 56(4): Emami, M.K. & B. Sharma, Linkage between three morphological markers in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Plant Breed 118: Emami, M.K. & B. Sharma, Inheritance of black testa colour in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Euphytica 115: Eujayl, I., M. Baum, W. Powell, W. Erskine & E. Pehu, A genetic linkage map of lentil (Lens sp.) based on RAPD and AFLP markers using recombinant inbred lines. Theor Appl Genet 97: Gill, A.S. & R.S. Malhotra, Inheritance of flower colour and flower number per inflorescence in lentils. LENS 7: Hoque, M.E., S.K. Mishra, Y. Kumar, R. Kumar, S.M.S. Tomar & B. Sharma, Inheritance and linkage of leaf colour and plant pubescence in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Indian J Genet 62(2): Kosambi, D.D., The estimation of map units from recombination values. Ann Eugen Lond 12: Ladizinsky, G., The genetics of several morphological traits in lentil. J Hered 70: Lal, S. & R.S. Srivastava, Inheritance of flower colour in lentils. Indian J Genet 35(1): Mather, K., The Measurement of Linkage in Heredity. Wiley, New York. Sarker, A., W. Erskine, B. Sharma & M.C. Tygi, Inheritance and linkage relationship of days to flowering and morphological loci in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris). J Hered 90(2): Sharma, B. and M.K. Emami, Discovery of new gene causing dark green cotyledons and pathway of pigment synthesis in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Euphytica 124: Tahir, M. & F.J. Muehlbauer, Gene mapping in lentil with recombinant inbred lines. J Hered 85(4): Tahir, M., F.J. Muehlbauer & S.C. Spaeth, Association of isozyme markers with quantitative trait loci in random single seed descent lines of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Euphytica 75: Tahir, M., C.J. Simon & F.J. Muehlbauer, Gene map of lentil Areview. Lens Newsl 20(2): Vaillancourt, R.E. & A.E. Slinkard, Inheritance of new genetic markers in lentil (Lens Miller). Euphytica 64: Vandenberg, A. & A.E. Slinkard, Inheritance of four new quantitative genes in lentil. J Hered 80: Vandenberg, A. & A.E. Slinkard, Genetics of seed coat colour and pattern in lentil. J Hered 81:

Morphological characterization of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) Varieties based on six qualitative traits

Morphological characterization of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) Varieties based on six qualitative traits 2017; 6(5): 1611-1615 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2017; 6(5): 1611-1615 Received: 04-07-2017 Accepted: 05-08-2017 Rakesh Choudhary Pantnagar UK, India SK Verma RK Panwar VK Chourasiya Deepankar

More information

Research Notes: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

Research Notes: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Volume 1 Article 6 4-1-1974 Research Notes: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology G.

More information

Chapter 2: Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype.

Chapter 2: Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype. Chapter 2: Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype. please read pages 38-47; 49-55;57-63. Slide 1 of Chapter 2 1 Extension sot Mendelian Behavior of Genes Single gene inheritance

More information

Essential Questions. Meiosis. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education

Essential Questions. Meiosis. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Essential Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are the stages of meiosis? What is the importance of meiosis in providing genetic variation? Meiosis Vocabulary

More information

Morphological Markers Related to Sex Expression in Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Morphological Markers Related to Sex Expression in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Available online at www.ijpab.com Soni et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4): 526-531 (2017) ISSN: 2320 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5132 ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (4):

More information

HEREDITY: Objective: I can describe what heredity is because I can identify traits and characteristics

HEREDITY: Objective: I can describe what heredity is because I can identify traits and characteristics Mendel and Heredity HEREDITY: SC.7.L.16.1 Understand and explain that every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits, that this hereditary information. Objective: I can describe

More information

I. GREGOR MENDEL - father of heredity

I. GREGOR MENDEL - father of heredity GENETICS: Mendel Background: Students know that Meiosis produces 4 haploid sex cells that are not identical, allowing for genetic variation. Essential Question: What are two characteristics about Mendel's

More information

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Mitosis and meiosis were first described in the late 800s. The chromosome theory of inheritance states: Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes.

More information

Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Section 1: Meiosis Section 2: Mendelian Genetics Section 3: Gene Linkage and Polyploidy Click on a lesson name to select. Chromosomes and Chromosome Number! Human body

More information

Problem Set 3 10:35 AM January 27, 2011

Problem Set 3 10:35 AM January 27, 2011 BIO322: Genetics Douglas J. Burks Department of Biology Wilmington College of Ohio Problem Set 3 Due @ 10:35 AM January 27, 2011 Chapter 4: Problems 3, 5, 12, 23, 25, 31, 37, and 41. Chapter 5: Problems

More information

THE GENETICS OF CERTAIN COMMON VARIATIONS IN COLEUS 1

THE GENETICS OF CERTAIN COMMON VARIATIONS IN COLEUS 1 THE GENETICS OF CERTAIN COMMON VARIATIONS IN COLEUS DAVID C. RIFE, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Coleus are characterized by great variations in leaf color, and to a lesser degree by variations

More information

Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222

Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222 Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222 Dr. Sandra Wilson Dr. Mack Thetford Chapter 2 Introduction to the Biology of Plant Propagation -A review- 1 The Plant Breeder and the Plant Propagator Plant Breeder, The

More information

Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Heredity. 7 th Grade Cells and Heredity (Mod A) Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Heredity

Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Heredity. 7 th Grade Cells and Heredity (Mod A) Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Heredity Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Heredity 7 th Grade Cells and Heredity (Mod A) Unit 2 Lesson 4 - Heredity Give Peas a Chance What is heredity? Traits, such as hair color, result from the information stored in genetic

More information

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LENTIL GERMPLASM

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LENTIL GERMPLASM AGRIVITA VOLUME 33 No. 2 JUNE-2011 ISSN : 0126-0537 103 ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LENTIL GERMPLASM A.K.M.M Alam 1*), R. Podder 1) and A. Sarker 2) 1) Pulses Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural

More information

Research Article Inheritance and Linkage Map Positions of Genes Conferring Agromorphological Traits in Lens culinaris Medik.

Research Article Inheritance and Linkage Map Positions of Genes Conferring Agromorphological Traits in Lens culinaris Medik. Agronomy Volume 2013, Article ID 618926, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/618926 Research Article Inheritance and Linkage Map Positions of Genes Conferring Agromorphological Traits in Lens culinaris

More information

Principles of QTL Mapping. M.Imtiaz

Principles of QTL Mapping. M.Imtiaz Principles of QTL Mapping M.Imtiaz Introduction Definitions of terminology Reasons for QTL mapping Principles of QTL mapping Requirements For QTL Mapping Demonstration with experimental data Merit of QTL

More information

Chapter Eleven: Heredity

Chapter Eleven: Heredity Genetics Chapter Eleven: Heredity 11.1 Traits 11.2 Predicting Heredity 11.3 Other Patterns of Inheritance Investigation 11A Observing Human Traits How much do traits vary in your classroom? 11.1 Traits

More information

Solutions to Problem Set 4

Solutions to Problem Set 4 Question 1 Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 4 Because you have not read much scientific literature, you decide to study the genetics of garden peas. You have two pure breeding pea strains. One that is tall

More information

Advance Organizer. Topic: Mendelian Genetics and Meiosis

Advance Organizer. Topic: Mendelian Genetics and Meiosis Name: Row Unit 8 - Chapter 11 - Mendelian Genetics and Meiosis Advance Organizer Topic: Mendelian Genetics and Meiosis 1. Objectives (What should I be able to do?) a. Summarize the outcomes of Gregor Mendel's

More information

Mendel and the Gene Idea. Biology Exploring Life Section Modern Biology Section 9-1

Mendel and the Gene Idea. Biology Exploring Life Section Modern Biology Section 9-1 Mendel and the Gene Idea Biology Exploring Life Section 10.0-10.2 Modern Biology Section 9-1 Objectives Summarize the Blending Hypothesis and the problems associated with it. Describe the methods used

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics Introduction to Genetics The Work of Gregor Mendel B.1.21, B.1.22, B.1.29 Genetic Inheritance Heredity: the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring The study of heredity in biology is

More information

9-1 The Work of Gregor

9-1 The Work of Gregor 9-1 The Work of Gregor 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Mendel 1 of 32 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel s Peas Gregor Mendel s Peas Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. Gregor Mendel

More information

-Genetics- Guided Notes

-Genetics- Guided Notes -Genetics- Guided Notes Chromosome Number The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance genes are located in specific on chromosomes. Homologous Chromosomes chromosomes come in, one from the male parent and one

More information

Animal Genetics - MENDELU

Animal Genetics - MENDELU Mendel and his experiments Animal Genetics Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) was born in Heinzendorf, (nowadays in the Czech Republic). During the period in which Mendel developed his theory of heredity,

More information

REVISION: GENETICS & EVOLUTION 20 MARCH 2013

REVISION: GENETICS & EVOLUTION 20 MARCH 2013 REVISION: GENETICS & EVOLUTION 20 MARCH 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we revise: The principles of Genetics including monohybrid crosses Sex linked traits and how to use a pedigree chart The

More information

When one gene is wild type and the other mutant:

When one gene is wild type and the other mutant: Series 2: Cross Diagrams Linkage Analysis There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome:

More information

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Chapter Test A CHAPTER 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the term, number, or phrase that best answers each question. 1. How many

More information

Guided Reading Chapter 1: The Science of Heredity

Guided Reading Chapter 1: The Science of Heredity Name Number Date Guided Reading Chapter 1: The Science of Heredity Section 1-1: Mendel s Work 1. Gregor Mendel experimented with hundreds of pea plants to understand the process of _. Match the term with

More information

Just to review Genetics and Cells? How do Genetics and Cells Relate? The cell s NUCLEUS contains all the genetic information.

Just to review Genetics and Cells? How do Genetics and Cells Relate? The cell s NUCLEUS contains all the genetic information. Just to review Genetics and Cells? How do Genetics and Cells Relate? The cell s NUCLEUS contains all the genetic information. It s called: DNA A. Describe what Gregor Mendel discovered in his experiments

More information

The phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype.

The phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype. Series 1: Cross Diagrams There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome: When both

More information

Objectives. Announcements. Comparison of mitosis and meiosis

Objectives. Announcements. Comparison of mitosis and meiosis Announcements Colloquium sessions for which you can get credit posted on web site: Feb 20, 27 Mar 6, 13, 20 Apr 17, 24 May 15. Review study CD that came with text for lab this week (especially mitosis

More information

Heredity and Evolution

Heredity and Evolution CHAPTER 9 Heredity and Evolution Genetics Branch of science that deals with Heredity and variation. Heredity It means the transmission of features/ characters/ traits from one generation to the next generation.

More information

Genetics of fertility restoration and agronomic performance of CMS based hybrids in pigeonpea

Genetics of fertility restoration and agronomic performance of CMS based hybrids in pigeonpea International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 10(1): 1724, February 2017 DOI: 10.5958/2230732X.2017.00003.1 2017 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved Genetics

More information

1 Mendel and His Peas

1 Mendel and His Peas CHAPTER 3 1 Mendel and His Peas SECTION Heredity BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is heredity? How did Gregor Mendel study heredity? National

More information

2 Numbers in parentheses refer to literature cited.

2 Numbers in parentheses refer to literature cited. A Genetic Study of Monogerm and Multigerm Characters in Beets V. F. SAVITSKY 1 Introduction Monogerm beets were found in the variety Michigan Hybrid 18 in Oregon in 1948. Two of these monogerm plants,

More information

Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics

Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics 1 Terms Alleles Chromosome Co dominance Crossover Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Dominant Genetic code Genome Genotype Heredity Heritability Heritability estimate Heterozygous

More information

11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel. The Work of Gregor Mendel

11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel. The Work of Gregor Mendel 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel The Work of Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel s Peas! Gregor Mendel s Peas Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. " Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk. His work was important

More information

Lentils biodiversity: the characterization of two local landraces

Lentils biodiversity: the characterization of two local landraces Nimis P. L., Vignes Lebbe R. (eds.) Tools for Identifying Biodiversity: Progress and Problems pp. 327-331. ISBN 978-88-8303-295-0. EUT, 2010. Lentils biodiversity: the characterization of two local landraces

More information

Introduction to Plant Breeding. Master Gardener Training

Introduction to Plant Breeding. Master Gardener Training Introduction to Plant Breeding Master Gardener Training Start with a seed Germplasm Germplasm The greatest service which can be rendered to any country is to add a useful plant to its culture -Thomas Jefferson

More information

Germplasm. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Germplasm 2/12/2013. Master Gardener Training. Start with a seed

Germplasm. Introduction to Plant Breeding. Germplasm 2/12/2013. Master Gardener Training. Start with a seed Introduction to Plant Breeding Master Gardener Training Start with a seed Germplasm Germplasm The greatest service which can be rendered to any country is to add a useful plant to its culture -Thomas Jefferson

More information

Interest Grabber. Analyzing Inheritance

Interest Grabber. Analyzing Inheritance Interest Grabber Section 11-1 Analyzing Inheritance Offspring resemble their parents. Offspring inherit genes for characteristics from their parents. To learn about inheritance, scientists have experimented

More information

Mendelian Genetics. Introduction to the principles of Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian Genetics. Introduction to the principles of Mendelian Genetics + Mendelian Genetics Introduction to the principles of Mendelian Genetics + What is Genetics? n It is the study of patterns of inheritance and variations in organisms. n Genes control each trait of a living

More information

Inheritance of plant and tuber traits in diploid potatoes

Inheritance of plant and tuber traits in diploid potatoes Inheritance of plant and tuber traits in diploid potatoes Mosquera, V. 1, Mendoza, H. A. 1, Villagómez. V. 1 and Tay, D. 1 National Agrarian University Peru; International Potato Center (CIP) E-mail: roni_atenea@yahoo.com

More information

UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148

UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 UNIT 8 BIOLOGY: Meiosis and Heredity Page 148 CP: CHAPTER 6, Sections 1-6; CHAPTER 7, Sections 1-4; HN: CHAPTER 11, Section 1-5 Standard B-4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the molecular

More information

Genetics (patterns of inheritance)

Genetics (patterns of inheritance) MENDELIAN GENETICS branch of biology that studies how genetic characteristics are inherited MENDELIAN GENETICS Gregory Mendel, an Augustinian monk (1822-1884), was the first who systematically studied

More information

GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 2, 2014 pp. 887-891 ISSN 0972-5210 GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) B. Senthamizh Selvi*, J. Rajangam and R. Muthuselvi Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu

More information

Chapter 1: Mendel s breakthrough: patterns, particles and principles of heredity

Chapter 1: Mendel s breakthrough: patterns, particles and principles of heredity Chapter 1: Mendel s breakthrough: patterns, particles and principles of heredity please read pages 10 through 13 Slide 1 of Chapter 1 One of Mendel s express aims was to understand how first generation

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Section 11 1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (pages 263 266) This section describes how Gregor Mendel studied the inheritance of traits in garden peas and what his conclusions

More information

is the scientific study of. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk. He is considered the of genetics. Mendel carried out his work with ordinary garden.

is the scientific study of. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk. He is considered the of genetics. Mendel carried out his work with ordinary garden. 11-1 The 11-1 Work of Gregor Mendel The Work of Gregor Mendel is the scientific study of. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk. He is considered the of genetics. Mendel carried out his work with ordinary

More information

CSS 350 Midterm #2, 4/2/01

CSS 350 Midterm #2, 4/2/01 6. In corn three unlinked dominant genes are necessary for aleurone color. The genotypes B-D-B- are colored. If any of these loci is homozygous recessive the aleurone will be colorless. What is the expected

More information

PRINCIPLES OF MENDELIAN GENETICS APPLICABLE IN FORESTRY. by Erich Steiner 1/

PRINCIPLES OF MENDELIAN GENETICS APPLICABLE IN FORESTRY. by Erich Steiner 1/ PRINCIPLES OF MENDELIAN GENETICS APPLICABLE IN FORESTRY by Erich Steiner 1/ It is well known that the variation exhibited by living things has two components, one hereditary, the other environmental. One

More information

Ch 11.Introduction to Genetics.Biology.Landis

Ch 11.Introduction to Genetics.Biology.Landis Nom Section 11 1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (pages 263 266) This section describes how Gregor Mendel studied the inheritance of traits in garden peas and what his conclusions were. Introduction (page 263)

More information

Studies on Fertility Restoration Using Newly Derived Restorers in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Studies on Fertility Restoration Using Newly Derived Restorers in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.ci (218) 7(1): 2131-2135 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied ciences IN: 2319-776 Volume 7 Number 1 (218) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original

More information

Section 11 1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

Section 11 1 The Work of Gregor Mendel Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Section 11 1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (pages 263 266) What is the principle of dominance? What happens during segregation? Gregor Mendel s Peas (pages 263 264) 1. The

More information

Dwarf mutations in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): origin, morphology, inheritance and linkage studies DIBYENDU TALUKDAR*

Dwarf mutations in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): origin, morphology, inheritance and linkage studies DIBYENDU TALUKDAR* c Indian Academy of Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE Dwarf mutations in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): origin, morphology, inheritance and linkage studies DIBYENDU TALUKDAR* Department of Botany, University

More information

Biology 211 (1) Exam 4! Chapter 12!

Biology 211 (1) Exam 4! Chapter 12! Biology 211 (1) Exam 4 Chapter 12 1. Why does replication occurs in an uncondensed state? 1. 2. A is a single strand of DNA. When DNA is added to associated protein molecules, it is referred to as. 3.

More information

Genetic Analysis for Heterotic Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Six Parameters Model

Genetic Analysis for Heterotic Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Six Parameters Model International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.029

More information

Directed Reading B. Section: Traits and Inheritance A GREAT IDEA

Directed Reading B. Section: Traits and Inheritance A GREAT IDEA Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Traits and Inheritance A GREAT IDEA 1. One set of instructions for an inherited trait is a(n) a. allele. c. genotype. d. gene. 2. How many sets of the same

More information

POSSIBILITY TO SELECT HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES BY POLLEN FERTILITY IN SEGREGATION HYBRID AND BACKCROSS PROGENIES CREATED based on NUCLEAR MALE STERILITY

POSSIBILITY TO SELECT HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES BY POLLEN FERTILITY IN SEGREGATION HYBRID AND BACKCROSS PROGENIES CREATED based on NUCLEAR MALE STERILITY 565 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 18 (No 4) 2012, 565-570 Agricultural Academy POSSIBILITY TO SELECT HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPES BY POLLEN FERTILITY IN SEGREGATION HYBRID AND BACKCROSS PROGENIES

More information

Keywords: CGMS, combining ability, fertility restoration, heterosis, pigeonpea. Introduction

Keywords: CGMS, combining ability, fertility restoration, heterosis, pigeonpea. Introduction Sri Lanka Journal of Food and Agriculture (2015) Byregowda et al. 1(2): 1-8 ISSN 2424-6913 Research Paper Identification of fertility restorers, stable combiners and heterotic combinations across environments

More information

1 Mendel and His Peas

1 Mendel and His Peas CHAPTER 5 1 Mendel and His Peas SECTION Heredity BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is heredity? How did Gregor Mendel study heredity? National

More information

Study of Genetic Divergence in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) based on Agro-Morphic Traits

Study of Genetic Divergence in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) based on Agro-Morphic Traits International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 3816-3821 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.448

More information

The phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype.

The phenotype of this worm is wild type. When both genes are mutant: The phenotype of this worm is double mutant Dpy and Unc phenotype. Series 2: Cross Diagrams - Complementation There are two alleles for each trait in a diploid organism In C. elegans gene symbols are ALWAYS italicized. To represent two different genes on the same chromosome:

More information

Genetics_2011.notebook. May 13, Aim: What is heredity? Homework. Rd pp p.270 # 2,3,4. Feb 8 11:46 PM. Mar 25 1:15 PM.

Genetics_2011.notebook. May 13, Aim: What is heredity? Homework. Rd pp p.270 # 2,3,4. Feb 8 11:46 PM. Mar 25 1:15 PM. Aim: What is heredity? LE1 3/25/11 Do Now: 1.Make a T Chart comparing and contrasting mitosis & meiosis. 2. Have your lab out to be collected Homework for Tuesday 3/29 Read pp. 267 270 p.270 # 1,3 Vocabulary:

More information

Unit 7 Genetics. Meiosis

Unit 7 Genetics. Meiosis NAME: 1 Unit 7 Genetics 1. Gregor Mendel- was responsible for our 2. What organism did Mendel study? 3. Mendel stated that physical traits were inherited as 4. Today we know that particles are actually

More information

CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L) FOR YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES

CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L) FOR YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 45-52 (2013) CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L) FOR YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES S. R. Singh, N. A. Ahmed, S. Lal, Asima Amin 1, Mudasir Amin 5 S. A.

More information

GENE TRANSFER IN NICOTIANA RUSTICA BY MEANS OF IRRADIATED POLLEN. I. UNSELECTED PROGENIES

GENE TRANSFER IN NICOTIANA RUSTICA BY MEANS OF IRRADIATED POLLEN. I. UNSELECTED PROGENIES Heredity (1981), 47(1), 17-26 1981. The Genetical Society of Great Britain 0018-067X/81/03290017$02.00 GENE TRANSFER IN NICOTIANA RUSTICA BY MEANS OF IRRADIATED POLLEN. I. UNSELECTED PROGENIES P. D. S.

More information

Biology Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics

Biology Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics Biology Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics Meiosis - The mechanism that halves the number of chromosomes in cells is a form of cell division called meiosis - Meiosis consists of two successive nuclear

More information

Inheritance of some qualitative characters in chickpea (Citer ar/eanum L.)*

Inheritance of some qualitative characters in chickpea (Citer ar/eanum L.)* Prec. Indian A~. SOl. (Plant Sci.), Vol. 89, Number 6, December 198, pp. 497-53. ~) Printed in India. Inheritance of some qualitative characters in chickpea (Citer ar/eanum L.)* N K KAO, R P S PUNDIR and

More information

6.6 Meiosis and Genetic Variation. KEY CONCEPT Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis result in genetic diversity.

6.6 Meiosis and Genetic Variation. KEY CONCEPT Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis result in genetic diversity. 6.6 Meiosis and Genetic Variation KEY CONCEPT Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis result in genetic diversity. 6.6 Meiosis and Genetic Variation! Sexual reproduction creates unique

More information

3/4/2015. Review. Phenotype

3/4/2015. Review. Phenotype Review Phenotype 1 Genes Crossing Over Frequency cn cinnabar eyes Cy curly wings L lobe eyes pr purple eyes sm smooth abdomen pr - L 9% Cy - L 33% sm - pr 19% cn - pr 2% Cy - sm 43% cn - sm 17% Polygenic

More information

Name Class Date. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 33

Name Class Date. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 33 Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Chapter Vocabulary Review Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the definition of each term. 1. genetics a. likelihood that something will happen 2. trait

More information

Name Date Class CHAPTER 10. Section 1: Meiosis

Name Date Class CHAPTER 10. Section 1: Meiosis Name Date Class Study Guide CHAPTER 10 Section 1: Meiosis In your textbook, read about meiosis I and meiosis II. Label the diagrams below. Use these choices: anaphase I anaphase II interphase metaphase

More information

Full file at CHAPTER 2 Genetics

Full file at   CHAPTER 2 Genetics CHAPTER 2 Genetics MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Chromosomes are a. small linear bodies. b. contained in cells. c. replicated during cell division. 2. A cross between true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds produces

More information

Development of male-sterile lines in sorghum

Development of male-sterile lines in sorghum Development of male-sterile lines in sorghum A Ashok Kumar, Belum VS Reddy, P Sanjana Reddy and B Ramaiah International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh,

More information

RFLP facilitated analysis of tiller and leaf angles in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

RFLP facilitated analysis of tiller and leaf angles in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Euphytica 109: 79 84, 1999. 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 79 RFLP facilitated analysis of tiller and leaf angles in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Zhikang Li 1,2,3, Andrew H. Paterson

More information

Reinforcement Unit 3 Resource Book. Meiosis and Mendel KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.

Reinforcement Unit 3 Resource Book. Meiosis and Mendel KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. 6.1 CHROMOSOMES AND MEIOSIS KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. Your body is made of two basic cell types. One basic type are somatic cells, also called body cells,

More information

Chapter 5. Heredity. Table of Contents. Section 1 Mendel and His Peas. Section 2 Traits and Inheritance. Section 3 Meiosis

Chapter 5. Heredity. Table of Contents. Section 1 Mendel and His Peas. Section 2 Traits and Inheritance. Section 3 Meiosis Heredity Table of Contents Section 1 Mendel and His Peas Section 2 Traits and Inheritance Section 3 Meiosis Section 1 Mendel and His Peas Objectives Explain the relationship between traits and heredity.

More information

Cover Requirements: Name of Unit Colored picture representing something in the unit

Cover Requirements: Name of Unit Colored picture representing something in the unit Name: Period: Cover Requirements: Name of Unit Colored picture representing something in the unit Biology B1 1 Target # Biology Unit B1 (Genetics & Meiosis) Learning Targets Genetics & Meiosis I can explain

More information

Ch. 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics. p

Ch. 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics. p Ch. 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics p. 270 - 10.1 Meiosis p. 270-276 Essential Question Main Idea! Meiosis produces haploid gametes Where are the instructions for each trait located in a cell?! On

More information

Interactive Biology Multimedia Courseware Mendel's Principles of Heredity. Copyright 1998 CyberEd Inc.

Interactive Biology Multimedia Courseware Mendel's Principles of Heredity. Copyright 1998 CyberEd Inc. Interactive Biology Multimedia Courseware Mendel's Principles of Heredity Copyright 1998 CyberEd Inc. Mendel's Principles of Heredity TEACHING OBJECTIVES The following subject areas are illustrated throughout

More information

Breeding strategy for improvement of flower and seed yields in safflower

Breeding strategy for improvement of flower and seed yields in safflower Breeding strategy for improvement of flower and seed yields in safflower Vrijendra Singh, N. M. Kolekar and N. Nimbkar Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Lonand Road, Phaltan 415523, Maharashtra,

More information

Komala, N. T*, Gurumurthy, R and Surendra, P

Komala, N. T*, Gurumurthy, R and Surendra, P ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Morphological Characterization of Advanced Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Derived from Swarna x Ranbir Basmati at Seedling Stage Komala, N. T*, Gurumurthy, R and

More information

T TT Tt. T TT Tt. T = Tall t = Short. Figure 11 1

T TT Tt. T TT Tt. T = Tall t = Short. Figure 11 1 Chapt 11 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The principles of probability can be used to a. predict the traits of the offspring of genetic

More information

Name Date Class. Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Name Date Class. Meiosis I and Meiosis II Concept Mapping Meiosis I and Meiosis II Complete the events chains about meiosis I and meiosis II. These terms may be used more than once: chromosomes, condense, cytokinesis, equator, line up, nuclei,

More information

IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) Recent Research in Science and Technology 2009, 1(5): 202 206 ISSN: 2076-5061 www.recent-science.com GENETICS & GENOMICS USING LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS FOR EARLINESS AND PLANT HEIGHT TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER

More information

Name Class Date. KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.

Name Class Date. KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. VOCABULARY somatic cell autosome fertilization gamete sex chromosome diploid homologous

More information

Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions

Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions AQA TRILOGY Biology (8464) from 2016 Topic T4.6 Inheritance, variation and evolution Topic Student Checklist R A G Describe features

More information

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOPERIODISM OF TEXAS 86, GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM RACE LATIFOLIUM, IN A CROSS AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON' Received June 21, 1962

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOPERIODISM OF TEXAS 86, GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM RACE LATIFOLIUM, IN A CROSS AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON' Received June 21, 1962 THE GENETICS OF FLOWERING RESPONSE IN COTTON. IV. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOPERIODISM OF TEXAS 86, GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM RACE LATIFOLIUM, IN A CROSS WITH AN INBRED LINE OF CULTIVATED AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON'

More information

Induction and inheritance of determinate growth habit in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Induction and inheritance of determinate growth habit in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Euphytica 78 : 1 3 7-141,1994. 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 137 Induction and inheritance of determinate growth habit in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) H.A. van Rheenen,R.P.S.

More information

Correlation, path and cluster analysis in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet)

Correlation, path and cluster analysis in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Correlation, path and cluster analysis in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) Singh, ramod K. 1*, Rai, N. 1, Lal, Hira 1, Bhardwaj, D.R.

More information

Unit 6 Reading Guide: PART I Biology Part I Due: Monday/Tuesday, February 5 th /6 th

Unit 6 Reading Guide: PART I Biology Part I Due: Monday/Tuesday, February 5 th /6 th Name: Date: Block: Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel Section 6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis 1. How do gametes differ from somatic cells? Unit 6 Reading Guide: PART I Biology Part I Due: Monday/Tuesday, February

More information

Heredity and Evolution

Heredity and Evolution Heredity and Variation Heredity and Evolution Living organisms have certain recognisable heritable features such as height, complexion, colour of hair and eyes, shape of nose and chin etc. These are called

More information

Cell Division and Genetics

Cell Division and Genetics Name Date Cell Division and Genetics 1. Black fur is dominant over brown fur in a particular population of guinea pig. The genetic information that gives a guinea pig brown fur is described as having A.

More information

genome a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another gene the passing of traits from one generation to the next

genome a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another gene the passing of traits from one generation to the next genetics the study of heredity heredity sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait genome a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another gene trait the passing

More information

12.1 Mendel s Experiments and the Laws of Probability

12.1 Mendel s Experiments and the Laws of Probability 314 Chapter 12 Mendel's Experiments and Heredity 12.1 Mendel s Experiments and the Laws of Probability By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the scientific reasons for the success of

More information

Class 10 Heredity and Evolution Gist of lesson

Class 10 Heredity and Evolution Gist of lesson Class 10 Heredity and Evolution Gist of lesson Genetics : Branch of science that deals with Heredity and variation. Heredity : It means the transmission of features / characters/ traits from one generation

More information

Untitled Document. A. antibiotics B. cell structure C. DNA structure D. sterile procedures

Untitled Document. A. antibiotics B. cell structure C. DNA structure D. sterile procedures Name: Date: 1. The discovery of which of the following has most directly led to advances in the identification of suspects in criminal investigations and in the identification of genetic diseases? A. antibiotics

More information

Correlation and Path Analysis Study in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L.)

Correlation and Path Analysis Study in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(9): 22282235 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 23197706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 22282235 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

More information

Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel

Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel UNIT 3 GENETICS Chapter 6 Meiosis and Mendel 1 hairy ears (hypertrichosis)- due to holandric gene. (Y chromosome)-only occurs in males. Appears in all sons. 2 Polydactyly- having extra fingers Wendy the

More information