Answers to Practice Items

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1 nswers to Practice Items Question 1 TEKS 4 This is a picture of a bacteria cell. This is a picture of a plant cell. This is the correct answer. This picture is representative of a virus. This is a picture of an animal cell. Question 2 TEKS 4 Mitochondria are only found in living cells. oth viruses and cells need genetic material in order to code for their instructions. This is the correct answer. hloroplasts are only found in plant cells. nucleus is only found in eukaryotic cells Questions 3 through 6 TEKS 4 Stage is when the virus injects its viral genetic material into the cell. This is choice. Stage is when the viral genetic material is used to code for viral proteins and new copies of the genetic material. This is choice. Stage is when the new viruses are assembled inside the cell for release. This is choice. Stage is when the cell is lysed (hence lytic cycle), the cell membrane is burst, and new copies of the virus are released. This is choice. Question 7 TEKS 4 y disrupting normal cellular functions and eventually causing cell death, viruses cause disease by disrupting homeostasis and equilibrium in the body. This is the correct answer. Viruses cause cell death by taking over its functions and lysing the cell membrane. acteria produce toxic substances. ells that undergo rapid mitosis and smother nearby normal cells are cancer cells. Endospores are the means in which some bacteria are able to go dormant.

2 Question 8 TEKS 4 ccording to the table, smallpox is spread by direct contact. Someone has to touch you. ccording to the table, IS is spread through the exchange of body fluids, either blood or sexual fluids. ccording to the table, influenza is spread through the deposition of airborne droplets, or little drops of moisture or fluid spread when sneezing or coughing. This is the correct answer. West Nile virus is spread through a mosquito vector, which means a mosquito carrying the virus must bite you. Question 9 TEKS 4 If red blood cells were damaged, this means that the body couldn t deliver oxygen to tissues, which would die as a result. This is not the meaning of a secondary infection. dding genetic material from harmful microbes would not necessarily allow secondary infections to show up in the body in addition to this kind of infection. y destroying helper T cells, HIV damages the ability of the body s immune system to fight diseases. This means that other diseases and infections, like pneumonia, will go unchecked. This is the correct answer. eneficial microbes help digestion. estroying these bacteria may cause digestive issues, but not secondary infections. Question 10 TEKS 8 Physiology is the study of organ systems in the human body. Zoology is the study of animals. Taxonomy is an organized way of classifying ideas or things. This is the correct answer. Taxidermy is the preservation of animals or other specimens for permanent display after they die. Question 11 TEKS 8 The idea of taxonomy is to provide a single common scientific name for a species, not to provide many common names. Organization of cells, tissues, organs and systems is physiology, not taxonomy. Taxonomy provides a single scientific name for each species. This is the correct answer. Though the classification of organisms may help organize them for genetic analysis, this is not a primary goal of taxonomy.

3 Question 12 TEKS 8 While it is important to control variables in an experiment, there is nothing really changing in this description. Rather, the problem presented is one of observation and identification. y classifying and naming organisms scientifically, one may solve the problem of different organisms in different places having the same common name. This is the correct answer. Predicting trends from scientific data is an important skill, but this problem doesn t describe the process of an experiment. Questioning experimental evidence is an important skill, but this problem doesn t describe the process of an experiment. Question 13 TEKS 8 The split in the cladogram for ferns, cone-bearing plants, and flowering plants occurs after the development of vascular tissues. Therefore, all of these organisms have this in common. This is the correct answer. Seed production occurred after the emergence of ferns as a species. Therefore, ferns don t have seed production in common with cone-bearing or flowering plants. Flower production developed last on this cladogram, and thus only flowering plants possess this ability. If all of these plants developed at the same time, they would all branch off at the same point. Question 14 TEKS 8 Organism differs at the kingdom level and therefore is the most distantly related organism from the others in the table. This is the correct answer. Organism differs only in the species level form Organism and is very closely related to that organism. Organism differs only in the species level from Organism and is very closely related to that organism. Organism is not the same genus and species as Organisms and, but it does share the kingdom and phylum levels and is therefore more closely related to them than Organism.

4 Question 15 TEKS 8 onsider the scientific names of the organisms for this question. The spotted chorus frog does not share the same genus as the bullfrog. The sian flying fron does not share the same genus as the bullfrog. The Northern leopard frog shares the same genus as the bullfrog, whereas the other answer choices do not. This is the correct answer. The frican bullfrog does not share the same genus as the common bullfrog. Question 16 TEKS 8 In a scientific name, the species is the second part of that name. This is not the correct answer. gain, the species is the second part of the name. This answer is incorrect. ecause they share the same genus, it can be assumed that they share every level above genus. Not only are the two species in the same family, but they are also in the same order. The animals share the same genus, Felis, but differ in species name. This is the correct answer. Question 17 TEKS 8 ladograms are used to organize organisms of different species but similar genetic histories in an attempt to illustrate their genetic origins. ladograms can also be used to help identify derived characteristics and traits shared among organisms. ladograms are used to trace evolutionary developments. Though cladograms and dichotomous keys may look similar, only dichotomous keys are used to identify the species of an organism. This is the correct answer. Question 18 TEKS 8 You would have selected 145 if you could have seen wings that were pointed toward the back of the body. You would have selected 256 if the organism had a body longer than it is wide. ecause the wings are not easily seen and because the body is round, this organism is number 232. This is the correct answer. You would have selected 123 if you could have seen wings that were pointed away from the sides of the body.

5 Question 19 TEKS 8 Most protists (members of Kingdom Protista) are unicellular. Some have cell walls, while others don t. Some perform photosynthesis, while others don t. Fungi possess the characteristics of being multicellular and eukaryotic, of having cell walls, and of being heterotrophic. They are non-mobile. Mushrooms and mold are representatives. This is the correct answer. Plants (members of Kingdom Plantae) possess many of these characteristics, but plants are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis. Eubacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic. Question 20 TEKS 8 Eubacteria are prokaryotic and single-celled microorganisms, but they do not survive in the harsh environments described in this question. Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic. rchaebacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular, and they are found in harsh environments. This is the correct answer. Protists (members of Kingdom Protista) are single-celled organisms, but they are eukaryotic. Question 21 TEKS 8 Eubacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic, and have cell walls. This is the correct answer. Fungi are multicellular, heterotrophic, and eukaryotic. Plants (members of Kingdom Plantae) are multicellular, autotrophic, and eukaryotic. Protists (members of Kingdom Protista) are unicellular, but they are eukaryotic. Question 22 TEKS 8 While plants have stems, some fungi do not have stems. oth plants and fungi have cell walls. This is the correct answer. Not all plants and fungi grow from the soil. Some plants grow in water, and some fungi grow on other organisms and other surfaces. Fungi do not perform photosynthesis.

6 Question 23 TEKS 8 Eubacteria have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan, but archaebacteria do not. This is the correct answer. oth eubacteria and archaebacteria are prokaryotes and therefore do not have nuclei. oth eubacteria and archaebacteria are unicellular organisms. Only archaebacteria live in extreme environments. Question 24 TEKS 8 Plants (members of Kingdom Plantae) are autotrophic and immobile. Fungi are heterotrophic, but they are immobile. nimals (members of Kingdom nimalia) are multicellular, mobile, heterotrophic eukaryotes. This is the correct answer. Protists (members of Kingdom Protista) are unicellular organisms. Question 25 TEKS 8 Plants are multicellular and immobile. Fungi are multicellular, immobile heterotrophs. Protists are unicellular, some have flagella for movement (while others move by other means), some do not have cell walls (while some do), and some have chloroplasts (while some do not). This is the correct answer, mostly because the other choices are obviously incorrect. nimals are multicellular heterotrophs. Question 26 TEKS 8 ll organisms store energy in chemical bonds as part of their metabolism. ll organisms exchange water with the environment. ll organisms use mrn during protein synthesis. Only organisms with chloroplasts can use chlorophyll for solar energy transformation. No animal has chloroplasts. This is the correct answer.

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