Name Hour. Transport Unit HW #3
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1 Name Hour ue: Transport Unit HW #3 Lab ue: Pulse Lab ata Tables Questions Graph Transport Root iagrams Questions Internal Stem iagrams Questions HW Plant ws Plant ws Book wk Page (color) Page (monocot vs. dicot) Use text book to answer questions Your Points Total Points Possible 5 pts
2 Pulse Lab Background: The heart pumps blood to all the cells of the body. As you exercise, the muscle cells are burning sugar to make energy, this needs oxygen. The cells also produce wastes, CO 2 and acids that need to be removed. The heart responds to changing needs of body cells by pumping more frequently. Procedure 1: 1. Locate your carotid pulse. If having difficulty call your teacher over. 2. Each bump that you feel is a heart beat. 3. Sit quietly for 2 minutes. 4. Count your pulse for 15 seconds, and record. 5. Repeat step 4 twice more. 6. Calculate the heart rate per minute by multiplying the rate by Calculate the average rate per minute. ata Table: Condition Trial Beats/15 seconds Beats per minute Resting 1 Heart 2 Rate 3 Average Hypothesis Increasing exercise will do what to heart rate and why? Example: Increasing exercise will increase the heartrate because cells will need more oxygen to provide energy to the body.
3 Procedure 2: 1. Exercise for 30 seconds. 2. Take your pulse for 15 seconds and record. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for ten minutes. 4. Sit, continue to record your pulse each minute for the next ten minutes. Condition inutes Beats/15 seconds Beats per minute Exercise Recovery Conclusions 1. Using the data in the data table make a graph of your heart rate per minute versus time on a separate sheet of paper and attach to the back of this HW packet. 2. What was your average resting heart rate? 3. What was your highest heart rate and when did this occur?
4 4. Why was your heart rate the highest here? uring this time, there was an increased need for oxygen in order to create energy for the muscle cells. 5. When was your heart rate the lowest? 6. Why was the rate low? There was a reduced need for oxygen. Because of this the heart rate slowed down. 7. What are some things that might lead to a slow recovery time? A person who is out of shape (does not exercise) A person who is overweight; muscles are less efficient at flushing waste and absorbing oxygen. 8. What are some things that would lead to a faster recovery time? Being physically fit A person who exercises often A person who is at their optimum weight The fitter you are, the faster your heart will recover. 9. efine: recovery time The amount of time that it takes from peak heart rate to return to normal heart rate. 10. Was your initial hypothesis concerning heart rate true, why or why not? 11. What are some other things that might cause your heart rate to change (either increase or decrease)? Examples: Heart Rate decreases with age (older slower), regular exercise, temperature. Heart Rate increases due to hormones (adrenalin), cigarettes (nicotine vasoconstrictor) 12. INVESTIGATION: Research and find some chemicals that increase heart rate. List them here with how they increase the heart rate and a citation of where you found out that information.
5 Plant Transport Lab Procedure: 1. Use a celery plant and place the stem (or a cut portion of the stem) in a beaker of colored water. Leave overnight. Observe the following day(s). PREICTION: What do you think will happen if left in the colored water overnight? 2. Use a cut carnation and place the stem (or a cut portion of the stem) into a test tube of colored water. Leave overnight. Observe the following day(s). PREICTION: What do you think will happen if left in the colored water overnight? After 24 hours: 3. Present and defend a hypothesis as to how the dye ends up in the celery/flower. Answer should include explanation of xylem and how xylem works in a plant. Terms used should include: cohesion, adhesion, transpiration.
6 Internal Stem Lab Background: onocot and dicot stem vascular tissue is arranged in different patterns that allow us to classify a plant based on microscopic viewing of a cross section of the stem. In today s lab we will try to identify characteristics that will allow us to tell the difference between the two classes of plants. Use your notes to answer the pre-lab question. 1. What makes an herbaceous stem different from a woody stem? Herbaceous stems are green and pliable; live 1-2 years (examples: corn, tomato, etc.) Woody stems are made of thick, tough tissue = wood (layers of xylem) and live more than 2 years (examples: maple tree, rose bush, raspberries, etc.) Procedure: raw detailed illustrations of a monocot and dicot stem below. Label: xylem and phloem. onocot icot agnification: agnification: Questions: 1. What is the job of the phloem in a plant? The job of phloem is to transport sap (sugar, oxygen, hormones) throughout the plant. 2. What might be found inside the xylem of a plant? Water, dissolved minerals, hormones.
7 3. What are the walls of the xylem made out of? Xylem is made of dead cell walls. 4. How do we get more phloem from in the cell? (Hint: what process makes phloem?) Phloem is made through the process of mitosis (type of cell division) 5. escribe some differences between a monocot and a dicot. onocot icot Leaves - parallel veins branched veins Roots - fibrous taproot Flowers -petals in multiples of 3 petals in multiples of 4 or 5 Stem (internal) scattered vascular bundles vascular bundles in circle pattern Root (internal) - scattered or circular xylem in x shape in center of root pattern
8 Root Lab Background: Water enters the plant through the root. Roots are incredibly tough growing through hard, compacted soils in search of water. Procedure: 1. Cut a parsnip root cross section as demonstrated in class. Place the thinnest layer possible on a microscope slide adding a drop of Iodine solution stain. The iodine will stain the starch granules that store this molecule blue/black. 2. raw an illustration of the cross section below: Label the cortex, epidermis, endodermis, phloem, and xylem. Questions: 1. Where in the root is the xylem located? Center of root 2. What is the function of the cortex? The cortex stores starch. 3. What type of cell division is used to make more root cells? itosis makes more root cells. 4. What part of the parsnip contributes to the sweet taste of this root vegetable? The phloem contributes to sweet taste because it carries sap. 5. What does the plant do with the starch stored in the root? Starch is stored food. Used for energy when needed. 6. What was the purpose of the iodine solution? Why did it react with that particular portion of the parsnip? Iodine reacts with starch to form a bluish/black color. It reacted in that section of the root (cortex) because that is where the starch is stored.
9 irections: raw detailed illustrations of a Buttercup root and Asparagus root in the space provided below. raw a Buttercup root here: raw a Asparagus Root here: agnification: agnification: 1. Label the xylem and phloem on both of the pictures above. 2. How can you tell that the buttercup root is a dicot? The xylem is in a star shape in the center of the root. 3. etermine if the cross section of Asparagus is a dicot or a monocot? How can you tell? Asparagus is a monocot. The xylem is in a circle formation rather than a star- shaped formation.
10 Plant Transport: Chapter 21.1 pages efine the following terms using your notes and/or your book glossary: 1. vascular tissue tissue that transports food, water, and other nutrients from one part of the plant to another. 2. xylem one of two types of vascular tissue in plants; conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves. 3. phloem one of two types of vascular tissue in plants; conducts sugars produced by photosynthesis. 4. transpiration in plants, the loss of water through the pores in the leaves (stomata). 5. source the areas of the plant in which the sugars are produced. 6. sink the area of the plant in which the sugars are stored (roots) or used (stems, fruit, etc.) 7. cohesion attraction of similar molecules (property of water that allows water molecules to stick together). 8. adhesion attraction of dissimilar molecules (property of water that allows water to stick to inside of xylem tube). 9. What makes up the walls of xylem? ead cell walls 10. In the table below diagram stem and root cross-sections of monocot and dicot plants: Red = xylem Blue = phloem onocot Root icot Root onocot Stem icot Stem 12. An unknown plant is brought to you and your job is to determine if it is a monocot or a dicot. You observe that it has six petals on its flowers and the veins in the leaves run parallel. Is the plant a monocot or a dicot? onocot
11 The following are pictures of moncots and dicots. Place either an for monocot or a for dicot next to the picture. Stem Stem
12
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