Exam 2C Biol 210 Environmental Biology Spring 2015

Transcription

1 Exam 2C Biol 210 Environmental Biology Spring 2015 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The "lotus effect" reffers to... A) The clamness displayed by certain sit and wait predators B) A superhydrophobic self cleaning surface C) The superior NPP in tropical rainforests resulting from rain and sunlight D) Hypereutrophication reulting in the growth of aquatic macrophytes in lentic systems E) None of the above 1) 2) Which biome probably contains the largest number and most diverse group of large mammals? A) chaparral B) desert C) savanna D) tropical rain forest E) tropical deciduous forest 2) 3) In which of the following terrestrial biome pairs are both parts dependent upon periodic burning? A) tropical forest and temperate broadleaf forest B) grassland and tundra C) chaparral and savanna D) tundra and coniferous forest E) desert and savanna 3) 4) When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in biological communities that are analogous to the changes A) in an ecosystem as it evolves over time. B) in a community through different seasons. C) across the United States from east to west. D) in biomes at different latitudes. E) at different depths in the ocean. 4) 5) What is the ecological significance of shallow bays and coastal wetlands such as estuaries and salt marshes? A) They serve as the habitat for many endangered species. B) They are safe from most human impact because humans do not live there. C) Coral reefs occur in these areas. D) They are the breeding grounds for a wide variety of sea-dwelling animals. E) They are an important source of crude oil. 5) 6) The vast treeless region near the Arctic Ocean is the: A) savanna. B) taiga. C) grassland. D) tundra. E) permafrost. 6) 1

2 7) Many physical features dictate life in an estuary. The physical feature with the most influence on organismal distribution is A) temperature. B) light. C) salinity. D) nutrients. 7) 8) As cities along the western coast of North America grew, people began building houses in the chaparral regions. Many of the homeowners have chosen to landscape with plants native to the chaparral. However, nearly every year, fires sweep through the area, destroying homes, displacing people, and costing millions of dollars. What is the best solution to this problem? A) Stop building homes in areas where the vegetation has evolved to burn. B) Evacuate people during the fire season. C) Plant species from damp areas to increase the moisture content in the area. D) Plant tall-growing trees to increase shade. E) Immediately extinguish all fires in this area. 8) 9) are large areas that have similar environmental conditions and characteristic plant communities. A) Climatic zones B) Climax communities C) Biospheres D) Biomes E) Ecosystems 9) 10) Which of the following bodies of water best represents a lotic ecosystem? A) oxbow lake B) stream C) marsh D) salt pond 10) 11) Savannas typically occur in A) cold areas with little rainfall in polar regions. B) very dry areas in the rain shadow of mountains of both temperate and tropical latitudes. C) warm areas with seasonal rainfall in the tropics. D) cold areas with little rainfall at high altitudes in the tropics. 11) 12) As a stream or river descends, it generally grows A) faster and cooler. B) slower and cooler. C) faster and warmer. D) slower and warmer. 12) 13) The vegetation of tundra is dominated by A) sclerophyllous broadleaf evergreen shrubs. B) short plants such as sedges, heaths, and willow. C) needle-leaf evergreen trees. D) broadleaf deciduous trees. 13) 14) Which biome contains plants that have small leaves coated with protective waxes or reflective hairs that can withstand hot, dry summers and are adapted to fire? A) tropical deciduous forest B) chaparral C) tropical rain forest D) desert E) savanna 14) 2

3 15) In which community would organisms most likely have adaptations enabling them to respond to different photoperiods? A) tropical forest B) temperate forest C) coral reef D) savanna E) abyssal 15) 16) The organisms living on the bottom of the ocean are collectively referred to as A) epifauna. B) meiofauna. C) benthos. D) nekton. 16) 17) In lakes and ponds, phytoplankton and zooplankton are most abundant in the A) limnetic zone. B) benthic zone. C) profundal zone. D) littoral zone. 17) The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine environment with various zones labeled with letters. Choose the letter that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than once, or not at all. 18) Which zone experiences the most abiotic change over a 24-hour period? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 18) 19) Which zone produces the most global oxygen gas? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 19) 20) Coral reefs grow best where water is A) warm, shallow, and clear. B) cold, shallow, and clear. C) cold, deep, and murky. D) warm, deep, and clear. 20) 3

4 21) The highest diversity of plant and animal life occurs in A) tropical savannas. B) boreal forests. C) tropical rain forests. D) temperate deciduous forests. 21) 22) Which lake zone would be absent in a very shallow lake? A) limnetic zone B) benthic zone C) pelagic zone D) littoral zone E) aphotic zone 22) 23) Permafrost is associated with which of these biomes? A) taiga B) littoral C) tundra D) northern coniferous forest E) temperate deciduous forest 23) 24) Oligotrophic lakes are characterized by: A) low oxygen concentrations. B) dense "blooms" of algae. C) the largest number and diversity of organisms. D) clear water with deep penetration of light. E) high nutrient levels. 24) 25) Thick, water-storing leaves and stems and wax-coated leaves are adaptations to: A) deserts. B) temperate deciduous forests. C) tropical scrub forests. D) tropical rain forests. E) taigas. 25) 26) Semi-enclosed areas of the coastal ocean where seawater is diluted and partially mixed with freshwater coming from the land are referred to as A) tidal basins. B) coastal reservoirs. C) eddies. D) estuaries. 26) 27) Which biome is characterized by widely spaced trees surrounded by grasses? A) tropical rain forest B) desert C) chaparral D) savanna E) tropical deciduous forest 27) 4

5 28) If global warming raises sea levels rapidly due to the melting of glaciers but does not change water temperatures, what will likely be the direct effect on coral reefs throughout the world? A) Coral reefs in shallow waters will grow more rapidly due to added protection against harmful UV radiation. B) Coral reefs will be stimulated to grow faster due to the dilution of the seawater's salt content. C) Productivity will increase as nutrients trapped in the glacial ice are released and spread throughout the oceans by currents. D) Productivity will decrease as the pure water from the glaciers dilutes the nutrients in the sea. E) Coral reefs in deep waters will die because insufficient light reaches them for photosynthesis. 28) 29) In aquatic ecosystems, the highest nutrients levels are found in areas that have: A) the highest temperatures. B) the fewest sediments. C) the highest light levels. D) the lowest light levels. E) the lowest oxygen levels. 29) 30) The part of a rocky shore in which barnacles, oysters, mussels, limpets, and brown algae are most common is called the A) littoral or intertidal zone. B) supralittoral or supratidal zone. C) superlittoral or supertidal zone. D) infralittoral or subtidal zone. 30) 31) In ponds and lakes, the zone beneath the depth of effective light penetration but above the bottom is referred to as the A) profundal zone. B) benthic zone. C) limnetic zone. D) littoral zone. 31) 32) The dominant autotrophs of the open water are A) phytoplankton. B) kelp. C) stromatolites. D) seagrasses. 32) 33) What is the dominant vegetation of the savanna? A) grasses B) lichens and scrub willows C) trees with waxy needles D) trees that lose their leaves E) cocoa 33) 34) Which of the following lakes is likely to be the most oligotrophic? A) large and shallow B) small and deep C) small and shallow D) large and deep 34) 35) Distribution patterns of biomes can be determined based almost entirely on A) both mean annual temperature and precipitation. B) only mean annual temperature. C) the distribution of soils. D) global weather patterns. 35) 5

6 36) In the fall, the trees in a temperate deciduous forest lose their leaves primarily as an adaptation to: A) lack of available water. B) changing light. C) excess rainfall. D) cooler temperatures. E) lack of accessible nutrients. 36) 37) Plants that root and grow on other plants in the tropical rain forest are called A) phreatophytes. B) epiphytes. C) halophytes. D) succulents. 37) 38) Which of these ecosystems accounts for the largest amount of Earth's net primary productivity? A) open ocean B) savanna C) tundra D) tropical rain forest E) salt marsh 38) 39) Which of the following North American biomes has been almost completely destroyed by agricultural use? A) tundra B) grassland C) desert D) temperate deciduous forest E) taiga 39) 40) Decomposition rates in the tropical rain forest are A) fast due to highly fertile soils. B) slow due to inhibition of decomposition by moisture. C) fast due to near optimal conditions for decomposers. D) slow due to stored soil organic matter pools from which plants draw nutrients. 40) 41) Pronounced wet and dry seasons and warm temperatures are characteristic of: A) tropical rain forests. B) deserts. C) savannas. D) chaparrals. E) tropical deciduous forests. 41) 42) Fire suppression by humans A) is necessary for the protection of threatened and endangered forest species. B) will result ultimately in sustainable production of increased amounts of forest products for human use. C) is a management goal of conservation biologists to maintain the healthy condition of forest communities. D) can change the species composition within biological communities. E) will always result in an increase in species diversity in a given biome. 42) 6

7 43) In lakes and ponds, photosynthesis occurs primarily in the A) limnetic zone. B) benthic zone. C) profundal zone. D) lotic zone. 43) 44) The cells of reef-building corals are inhabited by symbiotic species of A) bacteria. B) fungi. C) cyanobacteria. D) algae. 44) 45) Why is the human-caused damage to coral reefs of particular concern? A) Reefs are not particularly sensitive to human-caused disturbance. B) The physical structure of reefs has an important influence on the movement of ocean currents. C) Reefs provide food and shelter for the world's most diverse collection of marine invertebrates and fish. D) Reefs function in the detoxification of marine pollutants. E) Reefs represent unique ecosystems that obtain energy through chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. 45) 46) The major concentrations of life in the oceans are found in: A) deep, large oceans due to high nutrient concentrations. B) the anoxic zone. C) the oligotrophic zone due to clear and clean water. D) regions of upwelling and in shallow coastal waters. E) the aphotic zone due to high light levels. 46) 47) Large grazing ungulates and burrowing animals are most abundant in A) deserts. B) temperate shrubland. C) tropical rain forest. D) temperate grassland. 47) 48) The is the zone near the shore of a lake where a diverse group of organisms lives and where light and nutrients are abundant. A) profundal B) phytoplankton C) littoral D) limnetic E) stratification 48) 49) In a tropical rain forest, the majority of animals are found: A) on the forest floor. B) in the soil. C) in the towering treetops. D) in the cleared areas. E) in the shorter trees. 49) 7

8 50) The animals shown in the photographs are found in which biome? 50) A) tundra B) tropical rain forest C) tallgrass prairie D) savanna E) taiga 8