Biology Practice Exam 2 SPRING 2008

Transcription

1 Biology Practice Exam 2 SPRING 2008 Multiple Choice - Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Seed plants: A) are always heterosporous B) can be either homosporous or heterosporous C) are always homosporous 2. In the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem movement, loading of carbohydrates like sucrose into the phloem occurs by: A) active transport D) diffusion of water into the xylem B) proton pumping E) osmosis C) suction from unloading at a sink 3. Heterostyle, dichogamy, having separate sexes, and having staminate and pistillate flowers are all means that some flowering plants use to promote: A) asexual reproduction D) seed dispersal B) outcrossing E) self-pollination C) genetic self-incompatibility 4. Which of the following is FALSE about Kingdom Animalia? A) All animals actively move throughout their life. B) Adult animals are multicellular. C) No animal cells have cell walls. D) All animals are heterotrophs. E) All animals are eukaryotes. 5. Members of this class of bilateral acoelomate worms are parasites. They have a head modified into a scolex with hooks and suckers for attaching to places like the intestinal wall of hosts. They have no digestive tract, but instead absorb food through their skin. Most of their body is a series of hermaphroditic units called proglottids. A) Trematoda (flukes) D) Cestoda (tapeworms) B) Cephalopoda (cephalopods) E) Scyphozoa (jellyfish) C) Hydrozoa (hydroids) 6. Which of the following is NOT found exclusively in angiosperms (Phylum Anthophyta)? A) seeds D) flowers B) triploid endosperm E) stamens C) true fruits 7. This phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants has only about 70 living species in three genera: Welwitschia, Ephedra, and Gnetum. They are the only gymnosperms with xylem containing vessels, a trait common in angiosperms. A) Pterophyta (ferns) D) Coniferophyta (conifers) B) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) E) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) C) Cycadophyta (cycads) Figure 38-1

2 8. The root structure or zone indicated by (5) in the diagram above (Figure 38-1) is where cell specializations such as formation of root hairs occur. It is called the: A) zone of elongation D) suberin B) zone of maturation E) zone of cell division C) root cap 9. Which is the correct order of terms for embryonic development in most animals? A) gastrula blastula zygote morula B) zygote gastrula blastula morula C) zygote blastula morula gastrula D) blastula zygote morula gastrula E) zygote morula blastula gastrula 10. The plant tissue type that gives rise to all other plant tissues or cell types is: A) epidermis D) ground tissue B) meristem E) vascular tissue C) protodermis 11. If you see a yellow flower with "nectar guide" stripes best seen in ultraviolet light and with a strong, sweet odor, it is likely pollinated by: A) birds D) flies B) moths E) the wind C) bees 12. The first cell of the triploid (3N) endosperm of a typical angiosperm seed is formed from: A) two sperm fused with an antipodal D) two sperm fused with an egg B) one sperm fused with an egg E) a special cell from the embryo suspensor C) one sperm fused with polar nuclei 13. Members of this phylum have radial symmetry and nematocysts; they may have both polyp and medusa forms as adults, and many are bioluminescent. A) Nematoda (roundworms) D) Porifera (sponges) B) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) E) Cnideria (stinging-celled animals) C) Rotifera (rotifers) 14. A coelom (or eucoelom) is a fluid-filled body cavity directly: A) between mesoderm and ectoderm D) surrounded by endoderm

3 B) between endoderm and ectoderm E) surrounded by mesoderm C) between mesoderm and endoderm 15. A plant with netlike veins and floral parts in four or five would be classified as: A) a monocot. D) a gymnosperm. B) a eudicot. E) a bryophyte. C) a gnetophyte. 16. A flower that develops with only sepals, stamens, and carpels (no petals) is: A) complete and perfect C) complete and imperfect B) incomplete and imperfect D) incomplete and perfect 17. In seed plants the generation is dominant. A) haploid gametophyte B) diploid gametophyte C) diploid sporophyte D) haploid sporophyte E) triploid endosperm 18. What tissue conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves? A) periderm D) phloem B) collenchyma E) epidermis C) xylem 19. For most plants, the preferred soil type is a mix of mineral types that hold water well but not too well. This type of soil is called: A) fallow D) clay B) sand E) loam C) humus 20. Pine pollen is primarily disseminated by: A) wind. D) beetles. B) moths. E) birds. C) water. 21. Trees that live in normally flooded areas such as swamps often have special modified root parts that rise above the water and are used for gas exchange. Such roots are called: A) water storage roots D) pneumatophores B) buttress roots E) contractile roots C) aerial roots 22. Phototropism is primary controlled by which plant hormone? A) gibberellin D) abscisic acid B) ethylene E) auxin C) cytokinin 23. A Trichinella infection (trichinosis) is most common in persons who: A) eat undercooked pork. D) walk barefoot in a cow pasture. B) eat undercooked fish. E) walk barefoot in a rice field. C) eat undercooked beef. 24. Eumetazoa have undergone 4 key transitions in body plan during the course of evolution. Which of the following is NOT one of those key transitions? A) development of deuterostomes from protostomes B) development of bilateral symmetry C) development of a body cavity D) development of a segmented body plan E) All of the above are key transitions in Eumetazoa 25. Which hormone stimulates both leaf abscission and fruit ripening?

4 A) auxin D) cytokinin B) gibberellin E) abscisic acid C) ethylene 26. Which of the following is (are) NOT true of typical plant development? A) Growing tips and zones are present throughout the plant s life. B) Plant bodies do not have a fixed final size. C) Final plant form is not influenced by the environment. D) Both (a) and (b). E) Both (b) and (c). 27. Members of this phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants are limited to one living species, with separate male and female trees. Although not a flowering plant, they are deciduous. They are often planted on city streets (such as College Street in Auburn) because they are highly resistant to air pollution. Males are preferred because the females make seed pods that smell like rancid butter. A) Pterophyta (ferns) D) Cycadophyta (cycads) B) Coniferophyta (conifers) E) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) C) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) 28. Seed coats, which functions to protect plant embryos and allow them to stay dormant, are formed by: A) 3N cells from the endosperm B) 1N cells from the female gametophyte parent C) 1N cells from the sporophyte that gave rise to the female gametophyte parent D) 2N cells from the embryo E) 2N cells from the sporophyte that gave rise to the female gametophyte parent Figure 42-1 Use the figure to answer the following questions: 29. Refer to the flower diagram (Figure 42-1) above. The typical function of the flower part labeled (8) is: A) reproductive (female structure) D) to attract pollinators B) to produce fruit E) to protect the immature flower C) reproductive (male structure) 30. Refer to the flower diagram (Figure 42-1) above. The structure labeled (7) is a member of which whorl? A) gynoecium D) calyx

5 B) perianth E) androecium C) corolla 31. A grass with small, greenish, odorless flowers that have no petals and that make copious amounts of pollen is most likely pollinated by: A) flies D) moths B) bees E) the wind C) birds 32. The leaf shown above is: A) palmately compound C) palmately simple B) pinnately compound D) pinnately simple 33. Above is a woody eudicot stem cross-section. The correct order of these layers, from 1 (outermost) to 4 (innermost), is: A) primary xylem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, primary phloem B) secondary phloem, primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem C) primary phloem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem D) primary phloem, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, primary xylem E) secondary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem, primary phloem 34. The term gymnosperm means: A) naked egg D) active sperm

6 B) covered egg E) covered sperm C) naked seed 35. The members of this class have a dominant polyp form, usually with no medusae. Many have a hard calcium carbonate exoskeleton and have a mutualistic relationship with dinoflagellate algae. A) Hydrozoa (hydroids) D) Anthozoa (sea anemones and corals) B) Cubozoa (box jellyfish) E) Trematoda (flukes) C) Scyphozoa (jellyfish) 36. The tissue that directly gives rise to secondary phloem and secondary xylem is: A) endodermis D) ground meristem B) vascular cambium E) protodermis C) apical meristem 37. Asymmetry, choanocytes, filter feeding, osculum, and spicules are all terms associated with which phylum? A) Nermetea (ribbon worms) D) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) B) Porifera (sponges) E) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) C) Rotifera (rotifers) 38. Of the following farming practices to replenish soil fertility, which is most likely to pollute water supplies and damage ecosystems? A) adding commercial fertilizers D) plowing under plant material B) crop rotation E) use of organic fertilizers C) leaving fields fallow 39. Ground tissue cells specialized mainly for performing photosynthesis are called: A) guard cells D) collenchyma B) sclerenchyma E) trichomes C) chlorenchyma 40. This phylum of vascular, cone-bearing seed plants is the group of gymnosperms with the most species. Many members have needle-shaped leaves with thick cuticles and are thus adapted to dry conditions. This phylum includes the oldest tree (the Bristlecone Pine) and the tallest plant (the Coastal Redwood). A) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) D) Cycadophyta (cycads) B) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) E) Coniferophyta (conifers) C) Pterophyta (ferns) 41. Which of the following elements is a macronutrient in plants? A) U D) Ca B) Cu E) Mn C) Na 42. Which structure is found at the base of true leaves, between the leaf petiole or base and the stem to which the leaf is attached? A) cotyledon D) tendril B) rosette E) axillary bud C) lenticel 43. This phylum of acoelomate animals has three classes, two of which consist of organisms that are exclusively parasitic. Members of this phylum have an excretory system consisting of small tubules lined with ciliated flame cells. Not all have a digestive tract; in those that do, it is incomplete, with one opening that is both the mouth and anus. A) Platyhelminthes (flatworms) D) Annelida (segmented worms) B) Nematoda (roundworms) E) Rotifera (rotifers) C) Nermetea (ribbon worms) 44. What tissue in vascular plants would be used to move items such as sucrose and hormones from roots to the stems and leaves? A) xylem D) phloem

7 B) collenchyma E) periderm C) epidermis 45. When leaves occur in pairs at a stem node, with each member of the pair clearly having its own axillary bud, the arrangement of the leaves is considered to be: A) palmate. D) opposite. B) alternate. E) whorled. C) pinnate. 46. If you see a red flower with a long, thick floral tube that produces copious amount of nectar but that produces little or no odor, it is likely pollinated by: A) bees D) birds B) moths E) flies C) the wind 47. These carnivorous plants have trichomes that secrete sticky substances and digestive enzymes. Their leaves often curl around trapped insects. A) butterworts (Penguicula) B) sundews (Drosera) C) Venus flytrap (Dionaea) D) bladderworts (Utricularia) E) pitcher plants (Sarracenia and others) 48. According to most modern cladograms for angiosperms, which of the following represents a sister group to the rest of the angiosperms? A) monocots D) dicots B) eudicots E) magnolias C) Amborella 49. The absorption of water by root hairs is accomplished by: A) active transport of water, followed by ions coming in by osmosis B) active transport of both water and ions C) active transport of ions, followed by water coming in by osmosis D) osmosis of both ions and water 50. Growth from apical meristems, generally resulting in an increase in the length of a plant, is referred to as: A) horizontal growth. D) apical growth. B) longitudinal growth. E) primary growth. C) secondary growth. 51. Members of this phylum have radial symmetry. Many are bioluminescent. Some use tentacles to capture prey. They have characteristic plates of fused cilia that they use for movement, making them the largest animals to use cilia as their primary means of locomotion. A) Porifera (sponges) D) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) B) Nermetea (ribbon worms) E) Cnideria (stinging-celled animals) C) Nematoda (roundworms) 52. Members of this phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants have the largest sperm known. Many look like palm trees, but they reproduce using cones (some have female cones as nearly as heavy as many adult humans). They were a dominant plant group in the Mesozoic era. A) Anthophyta (flowering plants) D) Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) B) Coniferophyta (conifers) E) Ginkgophyta (ginkgos) C) Cycadophyta (cycads) 53. The aspirin-like compound salicylic acid is often classified as a plant hormone; in plants it is involved in: A) stem elongation B) plant defense responses against pathogens C) closing stomata

8 D) inhibiting lateral root growth E) promoting fruit ripening 54. Which of the following is true in the angiosperm life cycle? A) both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant B) gametophytes are photosynthetic and partially independent from the sporophytes C) gametophytes are free-living and photosynthetic, but are replaced by a dominant sporophyte generation D) sporophytes are totally dependent on the gametophytes E) gametophytes are totally dependent on the sporophytes 55. Which of the following is (are) NOT true of typical plant development? A) Growing tips and zones are present throughout the plant s life. B) Plant bodies do not have a fixed final size. C) Final plant form is not influenced by the environment. D) Both (a) and (b). E) Both (b) and (c). 56. An advantage of a coelom over a pseudocoelom is that a coelom: A) provides for a separate mouth and anus B) allows bilateral symmetry C) does not require a circulatory system D) allows development of a more complex digestive tract E) provides cephalization 57. Some plants, such as legumes, have specialized root nodules where bacteria live in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with the plant. These bacteria help mainly by: A) digesting insects that the plant has captured B) converting phosphorous to a form that the plant can use C) fixing nitrogen into compounds that the plant can use D) assisting with micronutrient uptake by the plant E) assisting with the uptake of water by the plant 58. Fleshy edible fruits usually aid seed dispersal by: A) falling directly under the parent plant B) catching in the hair or feathers of animals C) being buried by animals D) being eaten by vertebrates E) blowing off in the wind 59. Members of this phylum are found mostly in freshwater. They have a ciliated food-gathering organ at the tip of their head called a corona. The beating of the cilia gives the appearance of a turning wheel. Some members of this phylum make extensive use of parthenogenesis for reproduction. A) Nematoda (roundworms) D) Porifera (sponges) B) Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) E) Rotifera (rotifers) C) Cnideria (stinging-celled animals) 60. In the process of fertilization in conifers, the pollen tube grows to the: A) pollen grains. D) antheridium. B) archegonium. E) microsporangia. C) microspores.

9 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. E 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. E 14. E 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. E 20. A 21. D 22. E 23. A 24. E 25. C 26. C 27. E 28. E 29. D 30. E 31. E 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. E 41. D 42. E 43. A 44. D ANSWERS

10 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. E 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. E 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. D 59. E 60. B