Common Name: SHOALS SPIDER-LILY. Scientific Name: Hymenocallis coronaria (J. LeConte) Kunth. Other Commonly Used Names: Cahaba lily, Catawba lily
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1 Common Name: SHOALS SPIDER-LILY Scientific Name: Hymenocallis coronaria (J. LeConte) Kunth Other Commonly Used Names: Cahaba lily, Catawba lily Previously Used Scientific Names: Hymenocallis caroliniana (L.) Herbert (misapplied name) Family: Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) Rarity Ranks: G2/S2 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: OBL Description: Perennial herb with a large, round bulb that lodges among rocks in rocky shoals. Leaves inches (38-95 cm) long, erect, leathery, strap-like, deciduous. Flower stalk inches ( cm) tall, stout, two-edged, topped with 3-12 buds that usually open one per day. Flowers showy, fragrant, consisting of a green tube; 6 narrow, white segments (tepals), up to 4 inches long and radiating up and outward; and a showy corona, 2-3⅜ inches (5-8.5 cm)
2 across, white with yellow-green eye, broadly funnel- or cup-shaped, toothed, with 6 attached stamens. Fruit about 1¼ inch (3 cm) broad, rounded, green, one-seeded. Similar Species: Several similar species of spider-lily grow in floodplains, tidal marshes, and on riverbanks, but no other similar species occurs in rocky shoals of large Piedmont streams. Swamp-lily (Crinum americanum), a common wetland plant in the Coastal Plain, has 2-6 flowers per stalk, flowers with long white tepals but no corona, and tiny teeth along the leaf margins. Related Rare Species: See Simpson s rain-lily (Zephyranthes simpsonii, Special Concern) on this website. Habitat: Rocky shoals of large streams and rivers in the lower Piedmont. Life History: Shoals spider-lily is a perennial herb that reproduces sexually as well as vegetatively by production of bulbs, which results in large, clonal patches of plants. One flower opens per day on a given plant, prolonging the potential pollination period. The flowers are probably pollinated by night-flying hawk moths but are also visited by honeybees, bumble bees, and hummingbirds. Large, heavy fruits drop into the water when mature and are carried by water currents and lodged in crevices among rocks. Survey Recommendations: Surveys are best conducted during flowering (late May June) although plants are conspicuous throughout the growing season. Range: Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina. This species is known as Cahaba lily in Alabama and Catawba lily in South Carolina. Threats: Stream impoundment; degradation of water quality by erosion, sedimentation, and pollution runoff into streams. Georgia Conservation Status: Twelve populations are known; although 3 are on conservation lands, they are vulnerable to off-site disturbances, such as pollution, erosion, sedimentation, and dam building. Conservation and Management Recommendations: Avoid damming streams and prevent erosion, sedimentation, and pesticide runoff into streams. Selected References: Chafin, L.G Field guide to the rare plants of Georgia. State Botanical Garden of Georgia and University of Georgia Press, Athens. Davenport, L.J Reproductive biology of the Cahaba lily (Hymenocallis coronaria). American Journal of Botany Abstracts 76(6): Davenport, L.J The distinct nature of Hymenocallis coronaria. American Journal of Botany Abstracts 77(6): 126.
3 Davenport, L.J The Cahaba lily. Alabama Heritage 16: FNA Flora of North America. Vol. 26, Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York. Joye, D.B. and G. Smith Biosystematic investigations of a hybrid between Hymenocallis occidentalis and Hymenocallis coronaria. Cancas 39(1): NatureServe NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Patrick, T.S., J.R. Allison, and G.A. Krakow Protected plants of Georgia. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, Social Circle. Sanders, B William Bartram=s botanical discoveries in Georgia. Tipularia 19: Smith, G.L. and M.A. Garland Nomenclature of Hymenocallis taxa (Amaryllidaceae) in southeastern United States. Taxon 52: Smith, G.L., W.S. Flory, and J.B. Nelson Cytotaxonomic studies on Hymenocallis coronaria (LeConte) Kunth in South Carolina Piedmont river systems. ASB Bulletin 37: 141. Smith, G.L., M.O. Moore, and W.S. Flory Spider-lilies of Georgia. ASB Bulletin 43: 153. Weakley, A.S Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill. Author of species account: Linda G. Chafin Date Compiled or Updated: L. Chafin, Mar. 2007: original account K. Owers, Feb. 2010: added pictures
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Common Name: FLORIDA ADDER S-MOUTH ORCHID. Scientific Name: Malaxis spicata Swartz. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: FLORIDA ADDER S-MOUTH ORCHID Scientific Name: Malaxis spicata Swartz Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Malaxis floridana (Chapman) Kuntze, Microstylis floridana
Common Name: GOLDENSEAL
Common Name: GOLDENSEAL Scientific Name: Hydrastis canadensis Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) or Hydrastidaceae (goldenseal)
Common Name: OZARK BUNCHFLOWER. Scientific Name: Veratrum woodii J.W. Robbins ex Wood. Other Commonly Used Names: Wood s false hellebore
Common Name: OZARK BUNCHFLOWER Scientific Name: Veratrum woodii J.W. Robbins ex Wood Other Commonly Used Names: Wood s false hellebore Previously Used Scientific Names: Melanthium woodii (J.W. Robbins
Other Commonly Used Names: Simpson s zephyr-lily, Florida atamasco-lily, rain zephyr-lily, rain lily
Common Name: SIMPSON S RAIN LILY Scientific Name: Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: Simpson s zephyr-lily, Florida atamasco-lily, rain zephyr-lily, rain lily Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: YELLOW LADY S-SLIPPER. Scientific Name: Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury. Other Commonly Used Names: golden slipper
Common Name: YELLOW LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury Other Commonly Used Names: golden slipper Previously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium calceolus Linnaeus Family:
Common Name: GLADE WINDFLOWER. Scientific Name: Anemone berlandieri Pritzel. Other Commonly Used Names: southern thimble-weed
Common Name: GLADE WINDFLOWER Scientific Name: Anemone berlandieri Pritzel Other Commonly Used Names: southern thimble-weed Previously Used Scientific Names: Anemone caroliniana Walter var. heterophylla
Previously Used Scientific Names: Viburnum dentatum L. var. bracteatum
Common Name: LIMEROCK ARROW-WOOD Scientific Name: Viburnum bracteatum Rehder Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Viburnum dentatum L. var. bracteatum Family: Caprifoliaceae
Common Name: FLORIDA LADIES-TRESSES. Scientific Name: Spiranthes floridana (Wherry) Cory. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: FLORIDA LADIES-TRESSES Scientific Name: Spiranthes floridana (Wherry) Cory Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Spiranthes brevilabris var. floridana (Wherry)
Common Name: GEORGIA QUILLWORT. Scientific Name: Isoetes georgiana Luebke. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: GEORGIA QUILLWORT Scientific Name: Isoetes georgiana Luebke Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Isoetaceae (quillwort) Rarity Ranks: G2G3/S2S3 State
Family: Parnassiaceae (grass-of-parnassus) or Saxifragaceae (rockbreaker)
Common Name: LARGE-LEAF GRASS-OF-PARNASSUS Scientific Name: Parnassia grandifolia A.P. de Candolle Other Commonly Used Names: bigleaf grass-of-parnassus, limeseep parnassia, undine Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: FRINGED GENTIAN. Scientific Name: Gentianopsis crinita (Froelich) Ma. Other Commonly Used Names: none
b Common Name: FRINGED GENTIAN Scientific Name: Gentianopsis crinita (Froelich) Ma Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Gentiana crinita Froelich Family: Gentianaceae (gentian)
Common Name: GLADE MEADOW-PARSNIP. Scientific Name: Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckley) Gray. Other Commonly Used Names: cutleaf meadow-parsnip
Common Name: GLADE MEADOW-PARSNIP Scientific Name: Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckley) Gray Other Commonly Used Names: cutleaf meadow-parsnip Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Apiaceae/Umbelliferae
Other Commonly Used Names: wintergreen quillwort, evergreen quillwort
Common Name: WINTER QUILLWORT Scientific Name: Isoetes hyemalis D.F. Brunton Other Commonly Used Names: wintergreen quillwort, evergreen quillwort Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Isoetaceae
Common Name: PINK LADY S-SLIPPER
Common Name: PINK LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium acaule Aiton Other Commonly Used Names: pink moccasin flower, stemless lady-slipper, slipper orchid Previously Used Scientific Names: Fissipes
Common Name: THREE BIRDS ORCHID
Common Name: THREE BIRDS ORCHID Scientific Name: Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydberg Other Commonly Used Names: nodding pogonia, nodding ettercap Previously Used Scientific Names: Arethusa trianthophoros
Common Name: HOODED PITCHERPLANT. Scientific Name: Sarracenia minor Walter. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: HOODED PITCHERPLANT Scientific Name: Sarracenia minor Walter Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Sarraceniaceae Rarity Ranks: G4/S4 State Legal Status:
Common Name: BOG SPICEBUSH. Scientific Name: Lindera subcoriacea B.E. Wofford. Other Common Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: BOG SPICEBUSH Scientific Name: Lindera subcoriacea B.E. Wofford Other Common Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Lauraceae (Laurel) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1? State Legal
Common Name: BLACK-SPORED QUILLWORT. Scientific Name: Isoetes melanospora Engelmann. Other Commonly Used Names: black-spored Merlin's grass
Common Name: BLACK-SPORED QUILLWORT Scientific Name: Isoetes melanospora Engelmann Other Commonly Used Names: black-spored Merlin's grass Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Isoetaceae (quillwort)
Previously Used Scientific Names: Habenaria quinqueseta var. quinqueseta, Orchis habenaria Linnaeus, O. quinqueseta Michaux
Common Name: MICHAUX S ORCHID Scientific Name: Habenaria quinqueseta (Michaux) A. Eaton Other Commonly Used Names: Michaux s orchis, long-horned habenaria, long-horned false rein-orchid Previously Used
Previously Used Scientific Names: Schwalbea australis Pennell, Schwalbea americana L. var. australis (Pennell) Reveal & Broome
Common Name: CHAFFSEED Scientific Name: Schwalbea americana Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: American chaffseed Previously Used Scientific Names: Schwalbea australis Pennell, Schwalbea americana L.
Common Name: PARROT PITCHERPLANT. Scientific Name: Sarracenia psittacina Michaux. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: PARROT PITCHERPLANT Scientific Name: Sarracenia psittacina Michaux Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Sarraceniaceae Rarity Ranks: G4/S2S3 State
Previously Used Scientific Names: Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames var. multiflorus (Lindley) Correll
Common Name: MANY-FLOWERED GRASS PINK Scientific Name: Calopogon multiflorus Lindley Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames var. multiflorus
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