Chapter 10: Soil Organisms
|
|
- Olivia Dawson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 10: Soil Organisms
2 Objectives: 1. appreciate the diversity of soil organisms 2. understand the relationship between soil biodiversity and soil functions
3 Key terms and Concepts: Mycorrhizae Rhizobium Procaryote Eucaryote Aerobic Anaerobic
4
5 TABLE 10.4
6 Animals: 1. Burrowing animals (moles, prairie dogs, gophers etc---they mix soils around) 2. Earthworms(decomposition, mixing, making "mull' soil, instead of 'mor' soil) 3. Arthropods (accelerate decomposition, herbivores, predators) Insects: springtails (collembolan), termites, ants, etc. Mites: high diversity in soils Millipedes: feed on leaf litter, require high humidity Centipedes: predators, require high humidity 4. Nematodes (most < 2mm in length, and microscopic) (accelerate decomposition, herbivores, predators)
7 Earthworm
8 3. Arthropods (accelerate decomposition, herbivores, predators) Insects: springtails (collembola), termites, ants, etc. Mites: high diversity in soils Millipedes: feed on leaf litter, require high humidity Centipedes: predators, require high humidity
9 Springtails (or Collembola)
10 Coleoptera: Ground Beetles
11 Diplura and Dermaptera ( Earwig)
12 Microarthropods: Mites Photograph by D.E. Walter & C.Meacham Acariformes: Examples of four acariform mites from rainforest litter in Queensland. Upper left - Archeonothridae (Stomacarus sp.), a primitive oribatid mite. Upper right - Cunaxidae, a predatory prostigmatan that runs down its prey. Lower left - Nothridae (Nothrus sp.), ventral view of an all-female species of oribatid mite. Lower right - Labidostommatidae, a predatory prostigmatan that ambushes its prey.
13
14 Centipede
15 Millipedes From: Coleman & Crossley 1996 Fundamentals of Soil Ecology
16 Soil Nematodes Bacterial feeders Fungal feeders Plant feeders The photos above are taken from Dr. Diana Wall s Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Lab at Colorado State University
17 The root system of a tobacco plant that was heavily infested with root-knot nematodes, which stunted the roots and produced knotlike deformities. The aboveground portion of the infested plant was severely stunted. (Photo courtesy of R. Weil)
18 Nematodes: Nematodes in a potato beetle larvae
19 Plants 1. Roots and rhizosphere (main source of SOM, hot spot, and channels) (See Rhizosphere Image Gallery at: Minirhizotron Camera Corn root tip with root hairs Wheat roots with root hairs Soybean roots
20 Plants: 2. Algae etc. (moist soil surface, lichens, crypto-biotic crusts in deserts) Crypto-biotic Crusts Dark patches of cyanobacteria on old grazing land:sawtooth Mts., AZ. CYANOBACTERIA ("blue-green algae") are the first stage in the development of the soil itself, and an essential part of natural revegetation. Their cells fix nitrogen, enriching clay and sand with the elements necessary for plant life. Gelatinous sheaths protect the cells from the dry air and bind the young soil together. NOTE recent vehicle tracks that have damaged this crust. Photos by Lorena B. Moore. A 4"x4" patch of dry crust from the Tucson Mountains. Photo shows true moss, Selaginella spikemoss, Placidium and Collema lichens, cyanobacteria film, and felsic volcanic soil. Photos by Lorena B. Moore from:
21 Fungi (10 4 to 10 8 propagules per gram of soil) 1. Saprophytic group: major decomposers of SOM 2. Mycorrhizae: Ectomycorrhizae (most trees) Key Features: (1) only penetrate the spaces between cells of the cortex; (2) may form sheath around the host root; (3) may change fine root morphology. Endomycorrhizae (grasses, herbs) VAM Ericoid Orchid mycorrhiza Key Features: (1) Penetrate and grow into host cells; (2) Some form vesicular-carbuncular structures (VAM); (3) Does not change fine root morphology.
22 Ectomycorrhizae Endomycorrhizae Thelephoroid ectomycorrhizae on Douglas Fir. A digital image taken by using a minirhizotron camera with true color. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza Ericoid mycorrhiza (cranberries) Thelephoroid ectomycorrhizae on Douglas Fir. Photo from Tom Bruns s Lab web page at UC Berkeley: Orchid mycorrhiza (Orchids)
23 Figure Diagram of ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) associations with plant roots. (a) The ectomycorrhiza association produces short branched rootlets that are covered with a fungal mantle, the hyphae of which extend out into the soil and between the plant cells but do not penetrate the cells. (b) In contrast, the AM fungi penetrate not only between cells but into certain cells as well. Within these cells, the fungi form structures known as arbuscules and vesicles. The former transfer nutrients to the plant, and the latter store these nutrients. In both types of association, the host plant provides sugars and other food for the fungi and receives in return essential mineral nutrients that the fungi absorb from the soil. [Redrawn from Menge (1981); photo courtesy of R. Weil]
24 Protozoa (feeding on bacteria, pathogens, decomposers) 1. Amoeboid (moving by pseudopodia) 2. Flagellates (moving by flagella) 3. ciliates (moving by cilia) Amoeba (Sarcodina) (Pseudopodia) Ciliate (Ciliophora) Flagellate (Mastigophora)
25 Fig. 10.9
26 Prokaryotes--bacteria & actinomycetes, per gram of soil, fast decomposers, pathogens, symbiosis, chemical engineers. Many cannot be cultured using artificial media, therefore, little is known about them. Procaryote v.s. Eucaryote 1. Heterotrophics: use ORGANIC carbon for C-source and energy; aerobes -- requires free Oxygen anaerobes--does not require free Oxygen 2. Autotrophic: use INORGANIC carbon as the main carbon source photoautotrophic (cyanobacteria, the old blue-green algae) chemoautotrophic (by oxidation of ammonium, sulfur, iron, etc.) 3. Symbiotic: Rhizobium Frankia (Actinorhizal) Soil Biology Movies:
27 A procaryotic cell A eucaryotic cell
28 Two important kinds of symbiotic bacteria: Rhizobium and Frankia (Actinorhizal) Clover nodules with rhizoba Frankia nodules on red alder roots
29 Viruses and Viroids (important in regulating bacteria populations) 1. Prion: pieces of DNA without protective coat 2. Viroid: pieces of RNA without protective coat 3. Virus: DNA or RNA with coat.
30 Table 10.7
31 Table 10.9
32
Lecture 16: Soil Acidity; Introduction to Soil Ecology
Lecture 16: Soil Acidity; Introduction to Soil Ecology Aluminum and Soil Acidity Aluminum Toxicity in Acid Soils Tolerant Sensitive Tolerant Sensitive Plants often are sensitive to the presence of dissolved
More informationMineral and Organic Components. Soil Organisms, Biology, and Nutrients. Homework III: The State Soil of Florida. Posted on website.
Homework III: The State Soil of Florida Posted on website 5 bonus points Type all answers Soil Organisms, Biology, and Nutrients Mineral and Organic Components Functions of soils: recycler of raw materials
More informationSoil Biology. Chapter 10
Soil Biology Chapter 10 The Sounds of Soil Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System Bacteria in a Drying Environment Wet (open structure) Dry (dense) Holden P.A., J.R. Hunt, and M. K. Firestone,
More informationSOIL ECOLOGY TERMS. From Soil Quality Thunderbook, National Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2005).
SOIL ECOLOGY TERMS actinomycetes: A large group of bacteria that grow in long filaments that are too small to see without magnification. Actinomycetes generate the smell of healthy soil, and are important
More informationSoil Biology. The Sounds of Soil. Soils and Water, Spring Lecture 9, Soil Biology 1. Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System
Soil Biology Chapter 10 The Sounds of Soil Soil as a Transition Between Aquatic and Aerial System Lecture 9, Soil Biology 1 Bacteria in a Drying Environment Wet (open structure) Dry (dense) Holden P.A.,
More informationSoil Organisms. Organisms log (# / g) kg / ha
Soil Organisms Soil is home to many different organisms. These represent different kingdoms and range in size from sequoia roots to bacteria. Some produce their own organic structure from inorganic substrates.
More informationAn Introduction to Soil Ecology. November 8, 2004 Allison Hornor Most images in slides from: Dr. Janice Thies
An Introduction to Soil Ecology November 8, 2004 Allison Hornor Most images in slides from: Dr. Janice Thies Relative size of soil organisms Fungal hyphae Microbes on a root surface Bacteria Bacteria adhered
More information6. Biological Characteristics of Soil. ENVS 334: Applied Soil Science and Land Management INSTR.: R.M. Bajracharya
6. Biological Characteristics of Soil ENVS 334: Applied Soil Science and Land Management INSTR.: R.M. Bajracharya 1 Soil biological properties Organisms, both animals (fauna/micro-fauna) and plants (flora/micro-flora)
More informationSoil biology: Important relationship with soil quality
nasih@ugm.ac.id Soil biology: Important relationship with soil quality - Organic matter - Residue decomposition - Soil structure - Nutrient cycling - 1 g of soil has 100,000,000 bacteria SOIL IS HABITAT
More informationSOM. Bugs! Plants are a major source of SOM First remember that SOM is food ROOT EXUDATES. Rhizosphere. Microbes
SOM Plants are a major source of SOM First remember that SOM is food Soil organic matter ROOT EXUDATES 10-20% OF PLANT PHOTOSYNTHESIS GOOD EATING Rhizosphere Root zone - area of greatest microbial activity
More informationInteractions Between Microorganisms and Higher Plants from Competition to Symbiosis p. 184
Introduction What Are Soils? p. 3 Introduction p. 3 Soil Genesis p. 4 Rock Weathering or Decay p. 4 Importance of Soil Texture p. 5 Input of Organic Matter into Soils and Aggregation p. 7 Migration Processes
More informationBIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 13: Symbiosis & Mutualism: Lecture summary: 2. Processes: Mutualism. 3. Processes: Mutualism
BIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 13: Symbiosis & Mutualism: Lecture summary: Definitions. Examples. Symbiotic and nonsymbiotic. Crops. Fruit dispersal. Gut mutualists. Mycorrhizae. Resplendent quetzal, M & P
More informationWhat is Ecology? The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms in their environment, or surroundings
ECOLOGY What is Ecology? The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms in their environment, or surroundings Organization of the Biosphere Levels of organization Biosphere-
More informationWhich of the following is NOT an abiotic factor? A) Rocks B) Soil C) Mountains D) Decomposers
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor? A) Rocks B) Soil C) Mountains D) Decomposers Which of the following leads to stability in an ecosystem A) Low amount of biodiversity B) Low amount of biotic
More informationEcology - the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment
Ecology Ecology - the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment Biotic Factors - the living parts of a habitat Abiotic Factors - the non-living parts of a habitat examples:
More informationFigure 2 If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which pyramid level in the diagram would birds occupy? 1. A 3. C 2. B 4. D
Ecology Week 1 Assignment. This week's assignment will count as a quiz grade. Please speak to Mr. Roes about any questions that you would like help on! 1. The fact that no organism exists as an entity
More informationProtists & Fungi. Words to Know: Chapters 19 & 20. Label the paramecium diagram above. (pg. 548)
Words to Know: Protozoan Chapters 19 & 20 Protists & Fungi Microsporidium Contractile vacuole Pseudopod Bioluminescent Colony Plasmodium Chitin Hypha Septum Spore Sporangium Rhizoid Lichen Mycorrhiza Label
More informationSOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING
SOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING Imagine this scene: You arrive in Monteverde, Costa Rica, eager to explore the cloud forest. As you approach the outskirts of the forested area, however, something appears to be wrong.
More informationGEOL 408/508 ORGANISMS AND ECOLOGY OF THE SOIL
GEOL 408/508 ORGANISMS AND ECOLOGY OF THE SOIL Chapter 11 Brady and Weil, Rev. 14th Ed. DIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS IN THE SOIL Sizes of organisms: Animals = fauna; Plants = flora Macro (>2 mm in width): -
More informationOutline. Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea. Viruses Structure Classification Reproduction Prokaryotes Structure Reproduction Nutrition Bacteria Archaea
Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea Chapter 21 Viruses Structure Classification Reproduction Prokaryotes Structure Reproduction Nutrition Bacteria Archaea Outline The Viruses The Viruses Viruses are noncellular
More informationDownloaded from
Nutrition in Plants 1.If the pitcher plant is green and carries out photosynthesis then why does it feed on insects? 2.Which of the following part/s of a desert plant perform the function of photosynthesis?
More informationSoil Biota and Ecosystem Functioning
2 Soil Biota and Ecosystem Functioning Soil-Habitat Biological activity in soils is mainly concentrated in the top soils. The biological component occupy a small fraction (< 0.5%) of the total soil volume
More information1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C.
1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C. Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2. A stable ecosystem is characterized
More information21-3 Ecology of Fungi Slide 1 of 23
1 of 23 21-3 Ecology of Fungi The oldest known fungi fossils are about 230 million years old. Fungi may have helped early plants obtain nutrients and may have been essential to plants colonization of the
More information19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Protists are eukaryotes
More informationMrs. Fanek Ecology Date
Name Period Mrs. Fanek Ecology Date 1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C. Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph? A) 1 B) 2
More informationSG 9.2 notes Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants
Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants Euglena are singled celled organisms in pond water They are green, so contain,
More informationPlant Function. KEB no office hour on Monday 23 March. Chs 38, 39 (parts), March 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine
Plant Function Chs 38, 39 (parts), 40 KEB no office hour on Monday 23 March 10 March 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine Videos: 39.3, 34.3, 39.1, 34.1 Web Browser Open 1 Video 39.3 Pollination of a night-blooming
More informationBacteria. The Three Types of Important Heterotrophic Bacteria
Bacteria Kingdom Monera Prokaryote (their genetic material is not bound with a membrane) Classified according to shape - Spherical (cocci) - Spiral - Rod Shaped -TWO TYPES: Heterotrophic (organism that
More informationCH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI
CH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI Name Day M T W Th F Weekly Lifeline Period B_ Check Question What is a parasite? KICK-OFF LEARNING LOG KICK-OFF Response (1) A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another
More informationPlant Function Chs 38, 39 (parts), 40
Plant Function Chs 38, 39 (parts), 40 KEB no office hour on Monday 23 March 10 March 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine Videos: 39.3, 34.3, 39.1, 34.1 Web Browser Open 1 Video 39.3 Pollination of a night-blooming
More information9/10/ What Shapes an Ecosystem? Biotic and Abiotic Factors
9/10/14 4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem? Biology 1 of 39 Ecosystems are influenced by a combination of biological and physical factors. The biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem are called
More informationUnderstory loss, reduced diversity
Understory loss, reduced diversity Characteristics of an Urban Ecosystem Fauna Generalists Predators Non-native Species Monk Parakeets Congress Avenue Bridge 1.5-2 Million MexicanFree Free-tailed Bats
More informationHW/CW #5 CHAPTER 3 PRACTICE
HW/CW #5 CHAPTER 3 PRACTICE 1. The portion of Earth in which all life exists is known as A) the climax stage B) the biosphere C) a population D) a biotic community 2. The study of the interactions between
More information4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Biology 1 of 39 4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem? 2 of 39 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic and Abiotic Factors Ecosystems are influenced by a combination of biological and physical factors. 3 of 39 1 Biotic
More informationFRIENDLY FUNGI IN THE GARDEN
FRIENDLY FUNGI IN THE GARDEN All the Little Creatures We Depend On For Life Michele Stanton Extension Agent for Horticulture Kenton County, KY WHAT WE LL TALK ABOUT TODAY Who lives in your soil What roles
More informationProtists 9/11/2017. Endosymbiosis
Protists Chapter 28 Most eukaryotes are single-celled organisms Protists are eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotic cells Most protists are unicellular, but there
More informationBack Lesson Print Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI 1. What are fungi? 2. How do fungi get nutrients? 3. Many fungi are, which feed on dead plant or animal matter, while other fungi
More informationa. gravitropism b. thigmotropism c. nastic movement d. phototropism
Leap Frog Ecology 1. Plants grow and position their roots, stems, and leaves in response to a variety of environmental stimuli. These responses are called tropisms. Which of these refers to the growth
More informationSoil Microbes. Judith Fitzpatrick, Ph.D.
Soil Microbes Judith Fitzpatrick, Ph.D. The Superorganism This chart taken from data of Ingham, R.E. et all 1985 www.jstor.org/stable/1942528 Effect of microbes on weight of plant shoot in mg. Plant +
More informationThe Prokaryotic World
The Prokaryotic World A. An overview of prokaryotic life There is no doubt that prokaryotes are everywhere. By everywhere, I mean living in every geographic region, in extremes of environmental conditions,
More informationTitle: Plant Nitrogen Speaker: Bill Pan. online.wsu.edu
Title: Plant Nitrogen Speaker: Bill Pan online.wsu.edu Lesson 2.3 Plant Nitrogen Nitrogen distribution in the soil-plantatmosphere Chemical N forms and oxidation states Biological roles of N in plants
More informationNutritional Adaptations of Plants *
OpenStax-CNX module: m44718 1 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,
More informationSection 19 1 Bacteria (pages )
Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses Section 19 1 Bacteria (pages 471 477) How do the two groups of prokaryotes differ? What factors are used to identify prokaryotes? What is the importance of bacteria? 13.
More informationRainforest Ecosystems
Rainforest Ecosystems Ecosystems: A Brief Review Collection of interdependent parts Environment provides inputs Ecosystem produces outputs Hydrosphere Atmosphere Lithosphere Inputs Abiotic Inputs Energy
More informationPrinciples of Ecology
Principles of Ecology Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between 1. organisms and other organisms 2. organisms and their environment. Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors: All of the
More informationName: Characteristics of Life and Ecology Guided Notes (PAP)
Name: Characteristics of Life and Ecology Guided Notes (PAP) I. What is Biology? a. Biology is the study of II. The Eight Characteristics of Life a. Organization & the presence of or more cells b. Response
More information4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem? Slide 1 of 39
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem? 1 of 39 Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic and Abiotic Factors Ecosystems are influenced by a combination of biological and physical factors. The biological influences on organisms
More informationRound One All play. Each question = 1 point
Ecology Unit Review Round One All play Each question = 1 point Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a live leaf cell? a. Evolution b. Adaptation c. sugar production d. sexual reproduction
More informationLife Beneath Your Feet
Words to Explore Leaf litter Decomposer Rhizosphere Humus Aggregate Student Handout Life Beneath Your Feet Soil isn t just dirt. It s a complex environment that is home to all kinds of microorganisms.
More informationSoil Microbiology. Ambarish Bhuyan Assistant Professor Botany Department MDKG College, Dibrugarh
Soil Microbiology Ambarish Bhuyan Assistant Professor Botany Department MDKG College, Dibrugarh INTRODUCTION Nature of soils Soil arises from the weathering of rocks Soil also produced through the actions
More informationFood Web and Ecological Relationships Quiz
Biology II Ms. Chen Name: Food Web and Ecological Relationships Quiz Date: Multiple Choice (2 pts each) Directions: Circle the best answer. 1. The loss of the producers in an ecosystem would most likely
More informationHOMEWORK PACKET UNIT 2A. Part I: Introduction to Ecology
CP Biology Name Date Period HOMEWORK PACKET UNIT 2A Part I: Introduction to Ecology Name Class Date 3.1 What Is Ecology? Studying Our Living Planet 1. What is ecology? 2. What does the biosphere contain?
More informationBiol 1409: Study Guide for Exam I. Introduction to Diversity
Biol 1409: Study Guide for Exam I Introduction to Diversity 1. Define Biosphere and describe where it is found 2. Describe why our planet is so hospitable to life 3. Name and briefly describe the major
More informationAbsorption of Mineral Salts by Higher Plant
Article Shared by Absorption of Mineral Salts by Higher Plant Let us make an in-depth study of the Mycorrhizae. After reading this article you will learn about their role in absorption of mineral salts
More informationUnit 10: The simplest living beings
Unit 10: The simplest living beings 1. Fungi 2. Protoctists 2.1. Protozoa 2.2. Algae 3. Bacteria 4. Viruses Think and answer? a. What type of organism can you see in the photograph? b. What type of cells
More information1 Nutrition in Plants
1 Nutrition in Plants Quick Peek 1. All living organisms perform some basic functions to keep themselves alive. These basic functions are called life processes. 2. All organisms require food to get energy
More informationDURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 150. External Examiner: Dr K.S. Yobo Internal Examiner: Mr C. Becker/ Prof M.D. Laing
DURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 150 External Examiner: Dr K.S. Yobo Internal Examiner: Mr C. Becker/ Prof M.D. Laing NOTE: THIS PAPERS CONSISTS OF FIVE (5) PAGES, PLEASE SEE THAT YOU HAVE THEM ALL. QUESTION
More informationLevels of Organization in Ecosystems. Ecologists organize ecosystems into three major levels. These levels are: population, community, and ecosystem.
Levels of Organization in Ecosystems Ecologists organize ecosystems into three major levels. These levels are: population, community, and ecosystem. Population A population is a group of individuals of
More informationLiving Things and the Environment
Unit 21.1 Living Things and the Environment Section 21.1 Organisms obtain food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its environment. An environment that provides
More informationEukarya. Eukarya includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells Examples: plants animals fungi algae single-celled animal-like protozoa
Eukarya Eukarya includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells Examples: plants animals fungi algae single-celled animal-like protozoa Protists Eukaryotic; but comprises its own Kingdom Protista Algae -
More informationChapter 4 AND 5 Practice
Name: Chapter 4 AND 5 Practice 1. Events that occur in four different ecosystems are shown in the chart below. Which ecosystem would most likely require the most time for ecological succession to restore
More informationChapter 19 Notes Kingdoms Archaebacteria andeubacteria
Chapter 19 Notes Kingdoms Archaebacteria andeubacteria All bacteria are Prokaryotic. This means that they are organisms that are one-celled and do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
More informationMicrobiology: A Systems Approach
Microbiology: A Systems Approach First Edition Cowan &Talaro Chapter 5 Eucaryotic cells and microorganisms Chapter 5 2 3 Eucaryotic cells 3 Flagella 4 Cilia similar in overall structure to flagella, but
More informationChapter 37: Plant Nutrition - A Nutritional Network
Chapter 37: Plant Nutrition - A Nutritional Network Every organism continually exchanges energy and materials with its environment For a typical plant, water and minerals come from the soil, while carbon
More informationNutrition and Transport in Plants Chapter 26. Outline
Nutrition and Transport in Plants Chapter 26 Outline Essential Inorganic Nutrients Soil Formation Soil Profiles Soil Erosion Mineral Uptake Transport Mechanisms Water Organic Nutrients 1 2 Plant Nutrition
More informationSWMS Science Department
Big Idea 17 Interdependence SC.7.L.17.1 Explain and illustrate the roles of and relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in the process of energy transfer in a food web. SC.7.L.17.2 Compare
More information(DMB 01) M.Sc. (Previous) DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER First Year. Microbiology. Paper I INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
wk 7 (DMB 01) Paper I INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS PART A (5 8 = 40 marks) 1. Explain the growth of microbiology in the twentieth century. 2. Describe the structure of eukaryotic cell with a neat-labeled
More informationSoil ecology. KEN KILLHAM Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. with electron micrographs by
ot Soil ecology KEN KILLHAM Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen with electron micrographs by R A L P H FOSTER, CSIRO Division of Soils, South Australia CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
More informationMaterial cycles and energy: photosynthesis
7 Material cycles and energy: photosynthesis Remember: Plants are living organisms and can carry out all the life processes. Plants must be able to make foods. The foods provide raw materials for growth
More informationDiversity and Functions of Protozoa in Soils
Diversity and Functions of Protozoa in Soils EcoFINDERS University of Cologne - AG Bonkowski 05 October 2011 Outlook Interaction studies Identification Diversity of Protozoa in Soils Single-celled, heterotrophic
More informationPopulations and Ecosystems. 1. Two different species with the same ecological niche are placed in the same habitat. These two species will most likely
Name: ate: 1. Two different species with the same ecological niche are placed in the same habitat. These two species will most likely. have different food requirements. compete for the same environmental
More informationSection 16.4 Threats to Biodiversity. KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity.
Section 16.4 Threats to Biodiversity KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity. Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere. The loss of biodiversity
More informationThe Ecology of Soil Decomposition
115? The Ecology of Soil Decomposition Sina M. Adi Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada CABI Publishing Preface Acknowledgements 1 The Saprotrophs 1 Eukaryotic Cells 2
More informationSoil! What it is and how it works. James Cassidy Oregon State University, Soil Science President Oregon Society of Soil Scientists Soilforward.
Soil! What it is and how it works. James Cassidy Oregon State University, Soil Science President Oregon Society of Soil Scientists Soilforward.org Find out more about your soil! Soil plugin for Google
More informationShort descriptions of the animal groups
Veröffentlicht auf Gbif-Deutschland (http://www.gbif.de) Startseite > Short descriptions of the animal groups Short descriptions of the animal groups Submitted by i.turre on Mo, 25/04/2016-16:47 German
More informationFind out more about your soil! Soil plug-in for Google earth California Soil Resource Laboratory SoilWeb Earth
Find out more about your soil! Soil plugin for Google earth California Soil Resource Laboratory SoilWeb Earth Support Soil Science and Student Farming 100% of profits go to funding student internships!
More informationCHAPTER 5 WARM UPS. Mrs. Hilliard
CHAPTER 5 WARM UPS Mrs. Hilliard CHAPTER 5 VOCABULARY 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular respiration 3. Producer 4. Consumer 5. Decomposer 6. Food chain 7. Food web 8. Trophic level 9. Carbon cycle 10. Nitrogen-fixing
More informationThe invention of the microscope has opened to us a world of extraordinary numbers. A singular drop of pond water reveals countless life forms
Biology Chapter 19 Notes - Bacteria and Viruses The invention of the microscope has opened to us a world of extraordinary numbers. A singular drop of pond water reveals countless life forms I. Classifying
More informationVocabulary- Bacteria (34 words)
Biology II BACTERIA Vocabulary- Bacteria (34 words) 1. Prokaryote 21. phototroph 2. Peptidoglycan 22. chemotroph 3. Methanogen 23. obligate anaerobe 4. Halophile 24. facultative anaerobe 5. Thermoacidophile
More informationMost are autotrophic. Heterotrophic Some autotrophic. animal- like = heterotrophs plant- like = autotrophs fungi- like = heterotrophs.
Earth Science Exam 2 Review Energy and Nutrient Flow in Ecosystems Vocabulary to know: ecosystem biotic abiotic organism species population community producers consumers decomposers food chain food web
More informationProtists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.
SECTION 19.1 DIVERSITY OF PROTISTS Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. VOCABULARY protist Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. 1. Are protists
More informationPage 1. Name:
Name: 9477-1 - Page 1 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) The ecological niche of an organism refers to the A) relation of the organism to humans B) biosphere in which the organism lives C) position of the organism in a food
More informationUntitled Document Eco Photo Cell resp Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
Untitled Document Eco Photo Cell resp 25 1. Use the information below to answer the following question(s). The drawing below shows a field habitat. 3. An increase in which atmospheric gas would most likely
More informationCHAPTERS 16 & 17: PROKARYOTES, FUNGI, AND PLANTS Honors Biology 2012 PROKARYOTES PROKARYOTES. Fig Lived alone on Earth for over 1 billion years
CHAPTERS 6 & 7: PROKARYOTES, FUNGI, AND PLANTS Honors Biology 0 PROKARYOTES Lived alone on Earth for over billion years Most numerous and widespread organisms (total biomass of prokaryotes is ten times
More informationCh20_Ecology, community & ecosystems
Community Ecology Populations of different species living in the same place NICHE The sum of all the different use of abiotic resources in the habitat by s given species what the organism does what is
More informationQuestion Answer Marks Guidance 1 (a) 1. 1 CREDIT herbivore / primary consumer,energy. trophic level 2 energy x 100 ; x 100 ; producer energy
1 (a) 1 1 CREDIT herbivore / primary consumer,energy trophic level 2 energy x 100 ; x 100 ; producer energy trophic level 1 energy Plus any 3 of the following: CREDIT sample figures. e.g. if producer energy
More informationSecretion of organic acids from root
Secretion of organic acids from root Lupin Citric acid Ca phosphate Alfalfa Citric acid Ca phosphate Rapeseed Malic acid and citric acid Ca phosphate Pigeon pea Piscidic, malonic, oxalic acids Fe phosphate
More informationFungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material
Fungi 1 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc The scarlet hood (Hygrocybe coccinea) Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs that secrete digestive enzymes and are major decomposers of dead organic material 2 Animals 3 Myxozoa
More informationLab Exercise: Diversity of Eukaryotic Microbes
Lab Exercise: Diversity of Eukaryotic Microbes OBJECTIVES 1. To observe representatives of major types of microbes. 2. To cultivate select representatives of major types of microbes. 3. Understand key
More informationChapter 21: Protists
Chapter 21: Protists Section 1: Characteristics of Protists Gamete: a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another gamete to form a zygote Zygote: the cell that results from the fusion of gametes
More informationPlant form and function. Photosynthesis Phloem Plant Nutrition
Plant form and function Photosynthesis Phloem Plant Nutrition Photosynthetic Water Use Efficiency Fundamental plant problem: Stomata: pathway for diffusion of CO 2 into leaves is the same as the pathway
More informationKingdom Monera Bacteria
Kingdom Monera Bacteria Common bacteria Prokaryotes Strep throat Anthrax Chlamydia E. coli Meningitis Salmonella Micrococcus(intestinal) Streptococcus mutans Haemophilusinfluenzae Cellphonious bacterious
More informationLecture 6 Environmental microbiology and Aqueous Geochemistry of Natural Waters
Lecture 6 Environmental microbiology and Aqueous Geochemistry of Natural Waters Please read these Manahan chapters: Ch 5 (aquatic microbial biochemistry) Ch 21 (environmental biochemistry) (Aquatic) Microbial
More informationBiol/Env St 204 Quiz 2 Spring 2008
Biol/Env St 204 Quiz 2 Spring 2008 Name: 40 points Short-Answer Section (20 points total) 1. In the reading Interview with a Fungus, why did Mr. Pilobolus conclude that fungi characterize mankind as expendable?
More informationHow Cells Arose; Microbial Life
How Cells Arose; Microbial Life No one knows for sure Earliest life thought to be like today s bacteria The earth formed 4.5 bya The first life originated around 2.5 bya at least 3 possibilities for origin
More informationAgronomy 485/585 Test #1 October 2, 2014
Agronomy 485/585 Test #1 October 2, 2014 Name Part I. Circle the one best answer (2 points each). 1. The most important microbial group in promoting soil structure likely is the. a) actinomycetes b) algae
More informationMycorrhiza Fungus + Plant Host (Root)
Mycorrhiza Fungus + Plant Host (Root) Root Anatomy Mycorrhizal fungi Cryptomycota http://www.mykoweb.com/articles/index.html#apm1_4 Summary Mycorrhizal symbioses are mutualistic Fungal benefits carbohydrates
More informationKingdom Monera(Archaebacteria & Eubacteria)
Kingdom Monera(Archaebacteria & All bacteria are prokaryotes Characteristics: 1. No nucleus Eubacteria) 2. No membrane bound organelles 3. Smaller & less ribosomes 4. Most are smaller than eukaryotes 5.
More informationKINGDOM MONERA. Bacterial Cell Shape 8/22/2010. The Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
KINGDOM MONERA The Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Bacteria are the most organisms living on the Earth. (i.e. 10mL of soil contains 1 x 10 10 bacteria. They are found in nearly every habitat
More information