Flowering plants - angiosperms

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1 Flowering plants - angiosperms A spectacular terrestrial radiation Over 250,000 extant species Major lineages originated million years ago Dramatic rise to dominance million years ago

2 We re Coordinated Angiosperm phylogenetics has been highly collaborative (e.g., Donoghue and Doyle 1989; Chase et al. 1993; Chase et al. 1993; D. Soltis et al., 1997, 2000; Hoot et al. 1999; Qiu et al. 1999, 2000; P. Soltis et al., 1999; Olmstead et al. 2000; Savolainen et al. 2000; Zanis et al. 2002; Hilu et al. 2003) There have been numerous collaborations among the PIs Analyses of sequences from all three plant genomes have identified major clades New classifications have been proposed (APG 1998; APG II 2003); also collaborative, and involving the PIs.

3 Summary tree Triaperturate pollen Based on Soltis et a with modifications from Zanis et al. 2002, Soltis et al Illiciu m Amborella Cabomba

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7 The Dirty Dozen FIG. 1A Saxifragaceae StegnospermnataceaeCrossosomatales s. l. Chrysobalanaceae s.l. Crassulaceaealliance alliance eurosid II (malvids) Rhabdodendraceae Trochodendraceae Ctenolophonaceae Daphniphyllaceae Lophopyxidaceae Berberidopsidales Cercidiphyllaceae Ceratophyllaceae Hamamelidaceae Achatocarpaceae Passifloraceae s.l. Caryophyllaceae Simmondsiaceae Picrodendraceae Erythroxylaceae Austrobaileyales Lacistemataceae Rhizophoraceae Zygophyllaceae Chloranthaceae Amaranthaceae Podostemaceae Nymphaeaceae Phytolaccaceae Asteropeiaceae Amborellaceae Halophytaceae Euphorbiaceae Caryocaraceae Phyllanthaceae Nyctaginaceae Sarcobataceae Molluginaceae Putranjivaceae Ixonanthaceae Malpighiaceae Ochnaceae s.l. Portulacaceae Balanopaceae Peridiscaceae Bonnetiaceae Hypericaceae Krameraceae Ranunculales Didiereaceae Physenaceae Humiriaceae Altingiaceae Paeoniaceae Achariaceae Cucurbitales Polygonales Dilleniaceae Irvingiaceae Gisekiaceae Goupiaceae Gunnerales Basellaceae Elatinaceae magnoliids Geraniales Clusiaceae Pandaceae Celastrales Aizoaceae Cactaceae Oxalidales Salicaceae monocots Buxaceae Sabiaceae Santalales Violaceae Proteales Myrtales Linaceae Vitaceae Huaceae asterids Rosales Fabales Fagales 4. SAXIFRAGALES 5. CARYOPHYLLIDS 8. MALPIGHIALES 7. BASAL FABIDS 6. BASAL ROSIDS 3. CORE EUDICOTS 2. BASAL EUDICOTS 1. BASAL ANGIOSPERMS FIG. 1B Pentaphragmataceae Tetrameristaceae s.l. Sphenostemonaceae remaining Asterales Plocospermataceae Pentaphylaceae s.l. Columelliaceae remaining s.l. Paracryphiaceae Apiales Berberidopsidales Tetrachondraceae Caprifoliaceae s.l. Carlemanniaceae Scrophulariaceae Theophrastaceae Lentibulariaceae Marcgraviaceae Eremosynaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Fouquieriaceae Oncothecaceae Calceolariaceae Polemoniaceae Sarraceniaceae Paulowniaceae Plantaginaceae Balsaminaceae Symplocaceae Lecythidaceae Escalloniaceae Torricelliaceae Diapensiaceae Polyosmaceae Pennantiaceae Caryophyllids Actinidiaceae BoragniaceaeSchlegeliaceae Bignoniaceae Martyniaceae Roridulaceae Gesneriaceae Quintinaceae Myrsinaceae Acanthaceae Verbenaceae Rousseaceae Primulaceae Phyrmaceae Saxifragales Dilleniaceae Styracaceae Maeasaceae Byblidaceae Clethraceae Gentianales Pedaliaceae Aquifoliales Gunnerales Sapotaceae Icacinaceae Bruniaceae Tribelaceae Adoxaceae Ebenaceae Cyrillaceae Lamiaceae Vahliaceae Stilbaceae Santalales Ericaceae Garryales Theaceae SolanalesOleaceae Cornales rosids 12. CAMPANULIDS 9. ERICALES 10. BASAL LAMIIDS 3. CORE EUDICOTS 11. LAMIALES

8 Angiosperm AToL goals Multigene and genomics approaches (entire plastid sequences) to clarify the framework of angiosperm phylogeny, focusing on 12 particularly problematic nodes ( dirty, but doable ) Identify non-molecular synapomorphies and initiate a comprehensive morphological database for angiosperms with a suite of key features

9 Angiosperm AToL sequencing Plastid genome sequences Whole plastid sequencing for 30 species; collaboration with R. Jansen and the Green Plant AToL to compile a data set of ~100 entire plastid sequences Targeted sequencing Sequence 17 genes of proven utility from 370 genera selected to span each of the 12 problematic nodes. Resolve relationships within Malpighiales, Lamiales, Ericales, and Campanulids, using additional DNA regions and taxa.

10 Angiosperm AToL morphology Selected morphological features recorded from 370 taxa in DNA analyses; first-hand observations of herbarium and living material Observations available in a morphological database (e.g., MorphBank, F. Ronquist) Three suites of characters emphasized: pollen morphology, leaf architecture, and wood/stem anatomy

11 Angiosperm AToL Informatics The Botany Browser--Integrating local and distributed data on the Tree of Life Web-based data resource integration -- specimens, morphology, DNA, images, geography, etc. Links to GenBank, TreeBASE, IPNI, etc. Access through tree-based viewer -tools for viewing and comparing large trees

12 Angiosperm AToL Training Train postdocs, graduate, and undergraduate students (emphasis on minorities) Interdisciplinary training, combining phylogeny, genomics, morphology, and evolutionary biology; coordinated with the Deep Time and Deep Gene RCNs, and the Green Plant AToL(PI s are participants) International collaborations - student exchanges and training.

13 Angiosperm AToL Outreach Develop project website on angiosperm phylogeny Contribute pages for the Tree of Life Web Project and TreeHouses for K-12 use Build an interactive, portable exhibit on phylogeny and the associated computational challenges (coordinated by PI Donoghue), providing results on plant phylogeny Design posters detailing the angiosperm tree -- Multi-media Center, Botany Department, University of Wisconsin

14 Angiosperm AToL Team Collaboration among research teams assembled through seven institutions, with additional collaborators from other institutions in the US and Europe. The co-pis are: University of Florida (UF): D. Soltis, P. Soltis, W. Judd, S. Manchester University of California-Davis (UCD): M. Sanderson University of Michigan (UM): Y. Qiu, C. Davis; K. Wurdack University of Washington (UW): R. Olmstead University of Wisconsin (UWisc): K. Sytsma Virginia Tech University (VT): K. Hilu Yale University (Yale): M. Donoghue, R. Beaman, N. Cellinese, L. Hickey

15 Angiosperm ATOL Management Coordinated by D. and P. Soltis (UF) Communicate and exchange data through the project website ( Annual all-hands meeting to share results and coordinate Annual workshop at one of the participating institutions, to explore research topics relevant to the project, and provide additional training for the post-docs and students

16 Angiosperm ATOL Stephen Smith

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20 parsimony likelihood

21 A project by Stephen Smith: to get more info, or go to

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