Evolution of sugarcane leaf scald in Guadeloupe and impact on disease management

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Evolution of sugarcane leaf scald in Guadeloupe and impact on disease management"

Transcription

1 1 Evolution of sugarcane leaf scald in Guadeloupe and impact on disease management J. H. Daugrois 1, D. Roques 1 and P. Rott 1 CIRAD and UMR BGPI Abstract Cirad s research on leaf scald of sugarcane in Guadeloupe began with the outbreaks of this disease in the Caribbean area in the late 198s. After more than 15 years of research, new information regarding the disease cycle, pathogen diversity, plant contamination, sources of resistance and disease management are available and will be discussed herein. One of the most important new pieces of information is that leaf scald has an epiphytic phase during the disease epidemic. High population densities of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of leaf scald, can survive on the leaf surface of sugarcane plants. These bacteria may spread from plant to plant and field to field, and can be one of the major sources for contamination of disease-free plants and of stalk infection. Therefore, sugarcane stalks may be infected but systemic symptoms may not appear until development of the severe acute phase of the disease. Most strains of X. albilineans isolated during the past years, whether from the leaf surface or from inside the sugarcane plants, belonged to the same serovar and the same genetic group, as did most strains from the Caribbean region. Variability in aggressiveness among strains of the pathogen was, however, observed in Guadeloupe. Based on these results, main disease management strategies will focus on monitoring strain variation of the pathogen and a search of genetic resources for resistance to leaf scald. By analysing stalk populations of X. albilineans, most putative resistance sources were identified in S. spontaneum clones, whereas most susceptible clones belonged to S. robustum. Genetic transmission of resistance might, however, differ between clones of S. spontaneum. Breeding for resistance will improve disease management but better knowledge of disease status of the germplasm used for crosses is also needed. More than 11% of the varieties in the Cirad collection showed severe symptoms of leaf scald. These varieties must be used with care or discarded from the breeding program. Furthermore, screening of varieties for resistance to leaf scald during the variety testing process should avoid the cultivation of susceptible clones in commercial fields. Because of its epiphytic phase in humid tropical areas such as Guadeloupe, leaf scald of sugarcane can not be efficiently controlled through seed cane nursery schemes. Breeding for resistance is therefore the major strategy for leaf scald management in areas where the disease is present. 1

2 Introduction Leaf scald was identified as a disease of sugarcane more than 1 years ago, and numerous researches have been undertaken since then. If some aspects of the disease are well known and described such as symptom expression in diseased plants, other specificities of the disease still remain obscure. Leaf scald occurs in at least countries (Rott and Davis, ). It is one of the major sugarcane diseases, not only because of its impact on sugarcane and variety production, but also because of its latency phase. Plants can be infected for months without showing any symptoms. Another characteristic of the disease are the outbreaks that occurred for the last two decades in several locations. If leaf scald was mainly supposed to be spread by cutting implements and infected seed cane, numerous observations are in favour of plant to plant transmission by aerial means. Leaf scald disease is caused by a xylem invading bacterium. If the pathogen is easily distinguishable from other bacteria, significant heterogeneity exists among strains within this species and this variation may play a role in disease severity. Incidence of leaf scald increased in the early 199s in Guadeloupe and in several other Caribbean locations. Since this increase, numerous studies were undertaken in Guadeloupe. Leaf scald disease evolution and new management based on new results will be discussed herein. Epidemiology of leaf scald disease Leaf scald is known to be transmitted mechanically by knives and harvesters and by planting infected setts (Ricaud and Ryan, 1989). However, other means of dissemination were recently suspected. The pathogen was found in the rhizosphere of infected roots suggesting a possible transmission by root contact (Klett and Rott, 199). X. albilineans was also found in guttation droplets (Sordi and Tokeshi, 198; Autrey et al., 1995), on the leaf surface of symptomatic and symptomless plants, and in aerosols above a diseased field (Klett and Rott, 199). Leaf scald was naturally spread in Mauritius from sugarcane to maize grown between sugarcane rows (Autrey et al., 1995). These data support aerial contamination of healthy sugarcane plants growing near stalks infected by X. albilineans. In Guadeloupe, symptoms that were attributed to aerial transmission of leaf scald were first observed in sugarcane fields in These symptoms were 3 to cm elongated necrotic stripes, originating or not from the leaf margin, and from which a yellowish stripe ran down the leaf parallel to the main vein. The necrotic stripes were.5 to 1 cm wide, and the chlorotic stripes were. to. cm wide. X. albilineans was isolated from necrotic leaves but not from the stalks. Similar symptoms were described in Mauritius in 1995 (Autrey et al, 1995) and in Florida in 1 (Comstock, 1). In 199, elongated necrotic leaf symptoms attributed to leaf scald were observed in a nursery plot established with disease-free tissue-cultured plants of cultivar B95 which is susceptible to leaf scald. Three months later, X. albilineans was isolated from out of 18 (5%) stalks sampled from plants with leaf symptoms attributed to aerial transmission of leaf scald. These results were first evidence in the Caribbean of infection of healthy sugarcane by the leaf scald pathogen after aerial transmission.

3 Different trials were then set up in Guadeloupe with the aim to show the existence and to determine the importance of an epiphytic phase in the disease cycle of leaf scald. All trials were set up with disease-free tissue-cultured plants. Plot contaminations by X. albilineans were monitored by counting population densities of the pathogen in water droplets available on leaf surface. For sampling procedures, plots were divided in quadrats and water droplets were taken from each quadrat to obtain up to one ml of water. Bacteria were counted after plating an aliquot of sampled water on XAS medium, a selective medium containing antimicrobial compounds (Davis et al., 199). A first trial set up in a humid area, at some distance from commercial sugarcane fields, showed the importance of phyllosphere colonization by X. albilineans and strain aggressiveness in the leaf infection process (Daugrois et al., 3). Subsequent stalk infection was, however, not demonstrated in this study. Two new trials were therefore set up with disease-free tissue-cultured plants of cultivar B95 in two contrasted geographical cane growing regions in Guadeloupe (Basse Terre: humid and volcanic island; Grande Terre: relatively dry and coralline island). X. albilineans was found in water droplets several weeks after healthy plants were transferred to the field. Pathogen population densities were first determined in the humid area where the rainfall was more Figure 1: Leaf surface populations of X. albilineans on cultivar B95 in two different growing areas (Grande Terre and Basse Terre), and daily rainfall. Bacteria were sampled during the rainy season of plant crop of sugarcane plots established wuth disease-free plants. Populations of X. albilineans are expressed as Log [(cfu/ml water)+1]. Dry area (Grande Terre) 8 15 mm 1 5 Log [(cfu/ml)+1)] Humid area (Basse Terre) 8 15 mm 1 5 Log [(cfu/ml)+1)] Apr 99 Jun 99 Aug 99 Oct 99 Dec 99 Feb daily rainfall X. albilineans population 3

4 regular. Populations of X. albilineans reached 8.5 x 1 colony forming units (cfu)/ml in the humid area and only 3.5 x 1 cfu/ml in the dry area (figure 1). Four to six weeks after first detection of X. albilineans on the leaf surface, symptoms appeared on sugarcane leaves. The pathogen was no longer detected on the leaf surface after January, and until harvest of the plot in May, because of lack of water on the phyllosphere. Stalks were sampled just before harvest to determine stalk infection by X. albilineans. The pathogen was found in 18% of stalks from the Basse Terre plot (humid area) and only in.8% of stalks from the Grande Terre plot (relatively dry area). Results showed that stalk infection occurred after leaf surface colonisation by virulent strains of X. albilineans. Additionally, success of infection appeared to be linked to the size of bacterial populations existing on the leaf surface. This primary contamination may also serve as inoculum sources for the following year and may facilitate rapid colonization of the phyllosphere if climatic conditions are favourable. The use of a nursery scheme for managing leaf scald disease in humid tropical areas such as Guadeloupe is therefore not sufficient, and screening of sugarcane clones for leaf scald resistance must be reinforced. Screening for leaf scald resistance Screening for resistance to leaf scald disease after plant inoculation by the decapitation technique was initially based on symptom observation (Koike, 197). Using this method, S. spontaneum was identified as a good genetic source for resistance to leaf scald (Egan, 197). However, because leaf scald is a latent disease, symptom expression can be erratic and asymptomatic plants can be infected by high populations of X. albilineans. Additionally, restricted xylem colonisation appears to be involved in resistance of sugarcane to leaf scald (Rott et al, 199a and 1997). Based on these results, a new screening method was developed in Guadeloupe. Assessment of leaf scald resistance is now based on severity of symptoms and population densities of X. albilineans in sugarcane stalks. Pathogen populations are determined in sugarcane sap obtained by centrifugation of cm stalk pieces, 3-5 months after inoculation of plants by the decapitation technique. Aliquots of sap are plated on XAS culture medium and bacterial counts are performed after several days of growth. This method is now used to screen sugarcane cultivars for resistance to leaf scald by the breeding program in Guadeloupe. The most susceptible clones to bacterial colonisation are usually discarded from the breeding program. On the other hand, the most resistant clones which also flower, are chosen as parents for crosses. Resistance to leaf scald of several wild relatives of sugarcane was also assessed by measuring population densities of the pathogen in planta. Fifty-eight clones of wild species (1 S. robustum, 1 S. officinarum, S. barberi, 3 S. sinense and 3 S. spontaneum) and seven interspecific hybrids were evaluated. Populations of the pathogen were determined in sap samples taken from the upper and lower parts of the stalk (above and below the inoculation point). Pathogen population densities varied in the stalk according to the clone, the plant species and stalk location (figure ). Populations varied especially in plants with high sucrose content where populations of X. albilineans were higher in the lower part of the cane stalk.

5 Figure : X. albilineans population densities in stalks of 3 clones of sugarcane and wild relatives 8 Log[(cfu/g stalk)+1], upper part Control cv. Hybrid S. barberi S. officinarum S. sinense S. spontaneum S. robustum 8 Log[(cfu/g stalk)+1], lower part Most of the susceptible clones belonged to S. robustum and S. officinarum, and most S. spontaneum clones were resistant to stalk colonization by X. albilineans (figure ). Selfing from three S. spontaneum clones were also analysed for disease resistance based on populations of X. albilineans in stalks after plant inoculation. Fifty offspring from each selfing were inoculated with the pathogen and eight stalks were analysed for each clone. The experiment was repeated once. Mean offspring value and mean Figure 3: Progeny dispersion of three S. spontaneum selfings, according to X. albilineans population densities in stalks after plant inoculation. Results were combined from two trials. Bars represent the STD value of the progeny means. X. albilineans, Log [(cfu/g stalk) +1] progeny mean parental value Max progeny value Min progeny value SES31 SES91 Pasoeorean Selfing's progenies 5

6 parental value were identical for two of the three selfing progenies. The mean of the progeny was, however, higher than the parental value for the third selfing. Offspring of this third selfing were also more dispersed than the two other progenies, and contained several susceptible clones (figure 3). Using S. spontaneum as a source for resistance to leaf scald appears promising. However, results showed that inheritance of resistance may be variable according to accession. Therefore, information on inheritance of resistance must be available in order to optimise breeding for leaf scald resistance with sugarcane wild relatives. Characterisation of germplasm collections for resistance to leaf scald is also requested for efficient sugarcane breeding. However, testing more than one thousand potential parents for leaf scald resistance is not easily feasible. On the other hand, X. albilineans epiphytic populations were high during past years at Cirad s breeding station in Guadeloupe. Sugarcane cultivars were under high pathogen pressure and several susceptible clones, formerly identified by varietal testing, showed chronic leaf scald symptoms in the collection in November 3. During this period, 59 accessions from Cirad s collection were assessed for leaf scald susceptibility based on observation of symptoms (side shooting along the stalk and necrotic/chlorotic leaves). At least one stalk in four-meter sugarcane rows showed symptoms in 11% of the cultivars (table1). Susceptible cultivars were observed in accessions originating from all Caribbean countries. Susceptibility of cultivars to leaf scald was computed in Cirad s database and will be taken into account for future crosses.

7 Organization or country code Table 1 Number of cultivars showing chronic symptoms of leaf scald in 3 in Cirad s breeding collection in Guadeloupe. Number of clones observed Number of clones with one symptomatic stalk Number of clones with numerous symptomatic stalks Percentage of cultivars with leaf scald symptoms Country B Barbados BBZ Belize BJ Jamaica BR Dominican 15.7 Republic BT Trinidad 1.7 CB Brazil 1 Co India 3 CP USA (FL) DB Guyana FR Guadeloupe LF Fiji 1 1. M Mauritius 17 Q Australia Other Total When screening for leaf scald resistance, it is also necessary to assess the strain of the pathogen used for plant inoculation. Indeed, variation in pathogenicity of leaf scald strains may occur in a given sugarcane growing area. Strain variability of X. albilineans Leaf scald disease is caused by X. albilineans, a xylem invading bacterium. This pathogen shows great variability including serovars (Rott et al., 199b), genetic haplotypes (Davis et al., 1997) and pathotypes (Davis et al., 1997; Mohamed et al. 199). Additionally, local genomic variations were identified in Cuba, Florida, Louisiana, and Mauritius. Most if not all recent outbreaks of the disease were correlated with the appearance of a specific genotype of X. albilineans. Variation in virulence of the pathogen was investigated in Guadeloupe by inoculating three commercially grown sugarcane cultivars with seven strains of X. albilineans. Based on severity of symptoms and pathogen population densities, the seven strains were distributed in three different groups (figure ). If differences in aggressiveness were clearly observed between strains of X. albilineans, there was no evidence for races. It was therefore concluded that different pathotypes of X. albilineans exist in Guadeloupe. Presence of different pathotypes should be considered when screening for leaf scald resistance by plant inoculation. However, more studies need to be performed to enhance understanding of strain variation related to pathogen aggressiveness and to analyse the risk of emergence of new pathotypes. 7

8 Figure : Pathogen populations in stalks and disease severity after inoculation of three sugarcane cultivars with seven strains of X. albilineans by the decapitation method. Disease severity is expressed as AUDPC (area under disease progression curve). X. albilineans, Log[(cfu/g stalk)+1] Xa, upper part Xa, lower part Disease symptoms Disease symptoms (AUDPC) GPE39 GPE5SR GPE7 GPE3 GPE GPE GPE3 X. albilineans strains 8

9 Outlook Leaf scald is a disease of economic importance in numerous countries where sugarcane is commercially grown, and the number of locations with leaf scald problems continues to increase. New and important information has become recently available on leaf scald and it may modify disease management. There is now proof that (i) aerial contamination of disease-free plots and plant to plant contamination due to aerial spread of the pathogen occur, (ii) genetic and pathogenic variation exists in X. albilineans, and (iii) genetic sources for resistance can be found in the Saccharum complex. However, additional data are needed on the genetic and physiological basis of virulence in X. albilineans and of resistance of sugarcane to leaf scald. Advances in molecular biology should provide new opportunities to better understand host-pathogen interactions in the sugarcane leaf scald pathosystem. References Autrey LJC, Saumtally S, Dookun A, Sullivan S and Dhayan S (1995) Aerial transmission of the leaf scald pathogen, Xanthomonas albilineans. Proceeding International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 1(): Comstock JC (1) Foliar symptoms of sugarcane leaf scald. Sugar Journal (3): 3-3. Daugrois JH, Dumont V, Champoiseau P, Costet L, Boisne-Noc R and Rott P (3) Aerial contamination of sugarcane in Guadeloupe by two strains of Xanthomonas albilineans. European Journal of Plant Pathology 19: Davis MJ, Rott P, Baudin P and Dean JL (199) Evaluation of selective media and immunoassays for detection of Xanthomonas albilineans, causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease. Plant Disease 78: Davis MJ, Rott P, Warmuth CJ, Chatenet M and Baudin P (1997) Intraspecific genomic variation within Xanthomonas albilineans, the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen. Phytopathology 87: Egan B (197) Breeding for resistance to leaf scald disease. Proceeding International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 1: 9-9. Klett P and Rott P (199) Inoculum sources for the spread of leaf scald disease of sugarcane caused by Xanthomonas albilineans in Guadeloupe. Journal of Phytopathology 1: Koike H (197) Testing sugarcane varieties for leaf scald resistance. Proceeding International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 1: Mohamed IS, Rott P, Davis MJ and Chatenet M (199) Differentiation of strains of Xanthomonas albilineans based on multiplication of the pathogen in sugarcane cultivar. Proceeding International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists :

10 Ricaud C and Ryan CC (1989) Leaf scald. In: Ricaud C, Ryan BT, Gillaspie AG and Hughes CG (eds.) Diseases of Sugarcane (pp 39-58) Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam. Rott P and Davis MJ () Leaf scald. In: Rott P, Bailey RA, Comstock JC, Croft BJ and Saumtally AS (eds.) A guide to sugarcane diseases (pp 38-) La Lirairie du Cirad, Montpellier. Rott P, Abel M, Soupa D, Feldmann P and Letourmy P (199a) Population dynamics of Xanthomonas albilineans in sugarcane plants as determined with an antibiotic-resistant mutant. Plant Disease 78: 1-7. Rott P, Davis MJ and Baudin P (199b) Serological variability in Xanthomonas albilineans, causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease. Plant Pathology 3: -5. Rott P, Mohamed IS, Frey-Klett P, Soupa D, de Saint-Albin A, Feldmann P and Letourmy P (1997). Resistance to leaf scald disease is associated with limited colonization of sugarcane and wild relatives by Xanthomonas albilineans. Phytopathology 87: Sordi RA and Tokeshi H (198) Presence of Xanthomonas albilineans in guttation droplets of sugarcane and sweet corn leaves showing leaf scald disease symptoms. Sociedade dos Técnicos Açucareiros do Brasil, (), Jul/Aug, -3. 1

The Revisited Infection Cycle of Xanthomonas albilineans, the Causal Agent of Leaf Scald of Sugarcane

The Revisited Infection Cycle of Xanthomonas albilineans, the Causal Agent of Leaf Scald of Sugarcane Functional Plant Science and Biotechnology 212 Global Science Books The Revisited Infection Cycle of Xanthomonas albilineans, the Causal Agent of Leaf Scald of Sugarcane Jean Heinrich Daugrois 1* Rosiane

More information

Fiji disease resistance in sugarcane: Relationship to cultivar preference in field populations of the planthopper vector Perkinsiella saccharicida

Fiji disease resistance in sugarcane: Relationship to cultivar preference in field populations of the planthopper vector Perkinsiella saccharicida Ann. appl. Biol. (23), 143:375-379 Printed in UK 375 Fiji disease resistance in sugarcane: Relationship to cultivar preference in field populations of the planthopper vector Perkinsiella saccharicida By

More information

Chapter 8. Summarizing Discussion

Chapter 8. Summarizing Discussion Chapter 8 Summarizing Discussion Chapter 8 This thesis focuses on the ecology and pathogenicity of biovar 3 Dickeya sp. provisionally called D. solani, a blackleg and soft rot pathogen, recently introduced

More information

North American Bramble Growers Research Foundation 2016 Report. Fire Blight: An Emerging Problem for Blackberry Growers in the Mid-South

North American Bramble Growers Research Foundation 2016 Report. Fire Blight: An Emerging Problem for Blackberry Growers in the Mid-South North American Bramble Growers Research Foundation 2016 Report Fire Blight: An Emerging Problem for Blackberry Growers in the Mid-South Principal Investigator: Burt Bluhm University of Arkansas Department

More information

EVALUATION OF WILD JUGLANS SPECIES FOR CROWN GALL RESISTANCE

EVALUATION OF WILD JUGLANS SPECIES FOR CROWN GALL RESISTANCE EVALUATION OF WILD JUGLANS SPECIES FOR CROWN GALL RESISTANCE Ed Stover, Malendia Maccree, Malli Aradhya, Ali E. McClean, and Daniel A. Kluepfel INTRODUCTION Crown Gall disease of walnut is caused by the

More information

Unit D: Controlling Pests and Diseases in the Orchard. Lesson 5: Identify and Control Diseases in the Orchard

Unit D: Controlling Pests and Diseases in the Orchard. Lesson 5: Identify and Control Diseases in the Orchard Unit D: Controlling Pests and Diseases in the Orchard Lesson 5: Identify and Control Diseases in the Orchard 1 Terms Abiotic disease Bacteria Biotic diseases Cultural disease control Disease avoidance

More information

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato Website to brush up on bacterial diseases Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/prokaryotes/pages/bacterialspot.aspx Potato blackleg and soft rot http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/prokaryotes/pages/blacklegpotato.aspx

More information

Study of Genetic Variability and Heritability in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Complex)

Study of Genetic Variability and Heritability in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Complex) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 3112-3117 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.384

More information

Unit G: Pest Management. Lesson 2: Managing Crop Diseases

Unit G: Pest Management. Lesson 2: Managing Crop Diseases Unit G: Pest Management Lesson 2: Managing Crop Diseases 1 Terms Abiotic disease Bacteria Biotic disease Cultural disease control Disease avoidance Disease resistance Disease tolerance Fungi Infectious

More information

Transferring Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes from Wild Helianthus into Cultivated Sunflower. Pilar Rojas-Barros, Chao-Chien Jan, and Thomas J.

Transferring Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes from Wild Helianthus into Cultivated Sunflower. Pilar Rojas-Barros, Chao-Chien Jan, and Thomas J. Transferring Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes from Wild Helianthus into Cultivated Sunflower Pilar Rojas-Barros, Chao-Chien Jan, and Thomas J. Gulya USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND

More information

Cryotherapy: A New Method to Eliminate Pathogens from Sweetpotato Propagation Materials

Cryotherapy: A New Method to Eliminate Pathogens from Sweetpotato Propagation Materials Cryotherapy: A New Method to Eliminate Pathogens from Sweetpotato Propagation Materials Margaret Worthington Graduate Group in Horticulture and Agronomy University of California, Davis April 14, 2009 http://www.judithbarathart.com

More information

belonging to the Genus Pantoea

belonging to the Genus Pantoea Emerging diseases of maize and onion caused by bacteria belonging to the Genus Pantoea by Teresa Goszczynska Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctoriae in

More information

MAURITIUS SUGAR INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

MAURITIUS SUGAR INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAURITIUS SUGAR INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Ref A 1/29 8 e 29 SUGAR CANE CROP 29 Status: 29 1. CLIMATE 1.1 Rainfall (Table 1a and 1b, Figure 1) The island s average rainfall for the month of 29 was 195

More information

1/30/2015. Overview. Measuring host growth

1/30/2015. Overview. Measuring host growth PLP 6404 Epidemiology of Plant Diseases Spring 2015 Lecture 8: Influence of Host Plant on Disease Development plant growth and Prof. Dr. Ariena van Bruggen Emerging Pathogens Institute and Plant Pathology

More information

Research on infection by S.subterranea and host resistance to powdery scab. Alison Lees

Research on infection by S.subterranea and host resistance to powdery scab. Alison Lees Research on infection by S.subterranea and host resistance to powdery scab Alison Lees PMTV/ S. subterranea infection experiment Jennie Brierley, Alison Roberts, Alison Lees PMTV/Spongospora Zoospores

More information

Ethephon in Sugarcane Cultivation

Ethephon in Sugarcane Cultivation Ethephon in Sugarcane Cultivation by M. Edmond Lewis Sugar Industry Research Institute ABSTRACT Sugarcane remains an important commercial crop in Jamaica, and in spite of improved technology in production,

More information

Breeding value for cassava mosaic disease resistance analyzed in a seedling nursery

Breeding value for cassava mosaic disease resistance analyzed in a seedling nursery Breeding value for cassava mosaic disease resistance analyzed in a seedling nursery Kulakow Peter A. 1, Bakare Moshood A. 1, Agbona Afolabi 1, Parkes Elizabeth Y. 1, Ceballos Hernan 2, Rabbi Ismail Y.

More information

Evaluation of sweet sorghum hybrid parents for resistance to grain mold, anthracnose, leaf blight and downy mildew

Evaluation of sweet sorghum hybrid parents for resistance to grain mold, anthracnose, leaf blight and downy mildew Evaluation of sweet sorghum hybrid parents for resistance to grain mold, anthracnose, leaf blight and downy mildew RP Thakur*, Rajan Sharma, P Srinivasa Rao, P Sanjana Reddy, VP Rao and Belum VS Reddy

More information

Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry

Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry Phillip M. Brannen 1, Gerard Krewer 2, Bob Boland 3, Dan Horton 4, C. J. Chang 5 University of Georgia Relative to total sales, blueberries are the number one fruit commodity

More information

Biocontrol and P. infestans diversity: the potential of antagonistic bacteria

Biocontrol and P. infestans diversity: the potential of antagonistic bacteria Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER Agroscope Biocontrol and P. infestans diversity: the potential of antagonistic bacteria Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences,

More information

Research Notes: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

Research Notes: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Volume 1 Article 6 4-1-1974 Research Notes: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology G.

More information

Managing segregating populations

Managing segregating populations Managing segregating populations Aim of the module At the end of the module, we should be able to: Apply the general principles of managing segregating populations generated from parental crossing; Describe

More information

Pathology ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

Pathology ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Pathology RESEARCH ON GRASSY SHOOT DISEASE OF SUGARCANE IN MAHARASHTRA STATE G. K. Zende and N. B. Shaikh Sugarcane Research Station Padegaon, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT Investigations were undertaken

More information

BACTERIAL DISEASES OF EUCALYPTUS

BACTERIAL DISEASES OF EUCALYPTUS BACTERIAL DISEASES OF EUCALYPTUS T.A. Coutinho, S.N. Venter, J. Roux, X.D. Zhou and M.J. Wingfield ACPP APPS, Darwin 2011 INTRODUCTION Estimated 18m ha of Eucalyptus planted in 80 countries Numerous fungal

More information

G.T.A. Benda USDA-ARS-U.S. Sugarcane Field Laboratory, Houma, LA USA

G.T.A. Benda USDA-ARS-U.S. Sugarcane Field Laboratory, Houma, LA USA Patholoev GROWTH INHIBITION IN SUGARCANE UPRIGHTS INFECTED WITH RATOON STUNTING DISEASE G.T.A. Benda USDA-ARS-U.S. Sugarcane Field Laboratory, Houma, LA 70361 USA I I ABSTRACT The effects on growth of

More information

*Contact author:

*Contact author: Daugrois, J.H. et a/. Proc. ISSCT., Vole 25, 2005 EPIPHYTIC COLONISATION AND INFECTION BY XANTHOMONAS ALBILINEANS OF TWO SUGARCANE CULTIVARS DIFFERING IN RESISTANCE TO LEAF SCALD DISEASE 2 J.H. DAUGROIS'*,

More information

An Alternaria Leaf Spot of the Sugar Beet

An Alternaria Leaf Spot of the Sugar Beet An Alternaria Leaf Spot of the Sugar Beet J. S. MCFARLANE, ROY BARDIN AND WILLIAM C. SNYDER 1 A hitherto unreported disease of the sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L., incited by a parasitic species of Alternaria

More information

EVOLUTION OF AERIAL INFECTION OF LEAF SCALD CAUSED BY XAAJTHOMONAS ALBZLZNEANS (ASHBY) DOWSON IN SUGARCANE

EVOLUTION OF AERIAL INFECTION OF LEAF SCALD CAUSED BY XAAJTHOMONAS ALBZLZNEANS (ASHBY) DOWSON IN SUGARCANE EVOLUTON OF AERAL NFECTON OF LEAF SCALD CAUSED BY XAAJTHOMONAS ALBZLZNEANS (ASHBY) DOWSON N SUGARCANE S. Saumtally, H. M6dan & L.J.C. Autrey Mauritius Sugar ndustry Research nstitute (MSR), R6duit ABSTRACT

More information

MORPHOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND PATHOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ISOLATES FROM SUGAR BEET

MORPHOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND PATHOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ISOLATES FROM SUGAR BEET MORPHOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND PATHOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ISOLATES FROM SUGAR BEET Stojšin, V., Budakov, D., Bagi, F., Đuragin, N., Marinkov, R. Department for Environmental and

More information

RESISTANCE TO WHITE RUST (Albugo tragopogonis) and EVIDENCE OF MULTIPLE GENES

RESISTANCE TO WHITE RUST (Albugo tragopogonis) and EVIDENCE OF MULTIPLE GENES RESISTANCE TO WHITE RUST (Albugo tragopogonis) and EVIDENCE OF MULTIPLE GENES T. J. Gulya, USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo ND 58105, USA P. S. van Wyk, ARC Oil & Protein Centre, Potchefstroom

More information

MAURITIUS CANE INDUSTRY AUTHORITY MAURITIUS SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

MAURITIUS CANE INDUSTRY AUTHORITY MAURITIUS SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAURITIUS CANE INDUSTRY AUTHORITY MAURITIUS SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Ref A 1/2017 20 November 2017 SUGAR CANE CROP 2017 Status: End October 2017 1. CLIMATE 1.1 Rainfall (Table 1) Rainfall

More information

The potato microbiome and its potential impact on late blight resistance

The potato microbiome and its potential impact on late blight resistance Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER Agroscope The potato microbiome and its potential impact on late blight resistance Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences,

More information

Somaclonal Variation

Somaclonal Variation Tissue-culture cycle involves: dedifferentiation in culture proliferation of cells (implies sev. cell generations removed from original differentiated cell) subsequent regeneration to plants no selection

More information

Deterioration of Crop Varieties Causes and Maintenance

Deterioration of Crop Varieties Causes and Maintenance Deterioration of Crop Varieties Causes and Maintenance Deterioration of Genetic Purity The genetic purity of a variety or trueness to its type deteriorates due to several factors during the production

More information

MAURITIUS CANE INDUSTRY AUTHORITY MAURITIUS SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

MAURITIUS CANE INDUSTRY AUTHORITY MAURITIUS SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAURITIUS CANE INDUSTRY AUTHORITY MAURITIUS SUGARCANE INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Ref A 1/215 February 216 SUGAR CANE CROP 216 Status: End December 215 1. CLIMATE 1.1 Rainfall (Tables 1a and 1b, Figure

More information

THE PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES N23 AND N25 ON LOW YIELD POTENTIAL SOILS IN SWAZILAND

THE PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES N23 AND N25 ON LOW YIELD POTENTIAL SOILS IN SWAZILAND THE PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES N23 AND N25 ON LOW YIELD POTENTIAL SOILS IN SWAZILAND DWF BUTLER Swaziland Sugar Association, PO Box 367, Simunye, Swaziland Abstract South African sugarcane varieties

More information

Global Movements of Rust Pathogens in the Atmosphere

Global Movements of Rust Pathogens in the Atmosphere Global Movements of Rust Pathogens in the Atmosphere Scott A. Isard Departments of Plant Pathology and Meteorology Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA USA 16802 & Joseph M. Russo Senior Research

More information

A simple leaf-scale model for assessing life-history traits of fungal parasites with growing lesions

A simple leaf-scale model for assessing life-history traits of fungal parasites with growing lesions A simple leaf-scale model for assessing life-history traits of fungal parasites with growing lesions Melen Leclerc, Frédéric Hamelin & Didier Andrivon INRA - Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant

More information

Applying crown gall research-based knowledge to orchard management. E. Fichtner, UCCE Tulare County

Applying crown gall research-based knowledge to orchard management. E. Fichtner, UCCE Tulare County Applying crown gall research-based knowledge to orchard management E. Fichtner, UCCE Tulare County Paradox: Juglans hindsii x Juglans regia Crown Gall Common in walnut Paradox rootstock susceptible Less

More information

Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus. 4.1 Cell biology Cells are the basic unit of all forms of life. In this section we explore how structural differences between types of cells enables them to perform specific functions within the organism.

More information

Stripe Rust (Yellow Rust) of Wheat

Stripe Rust (Yellow Rust) of Wheat Stripe Rust (Yellow Rust) of Wheat Alfredo Martinez, John Youmans, and James Buck Department of Plant Pathology-Griffin Campus Introduction Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is an important

More information

6 2 Insects and plants

6 2 Insects and plants 6 2 Insects and plants Insect DIY 1. Find plant habitat 2. Find plant 3. Accept plant 4. Eat survive, reproduce Plant characteristics Shape structure Mechanical defenses trichomes Chemical defenses sap,

More information

ASSOCIATION OF MICROFLORA WITH RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) AND THEIR BENEFICIAL ROLES

ASSOCIATION OF MICROFLORA WITH RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) AND THEIR BENEFICIAL ROLES ASSOCIATION OF MICROFLORA WITH RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) AND THEIR BENEFICIAL ROLES Introduction: The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.), the most important source of natural

More information

PATHOGENICITY ASSOCIATION IN XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE- THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF RICE BACTERIAL BLIGHT DISEASE

PATHOGENICITY ASSOCIATION IN XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE- THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF RICE BACTERIAL BLIGHT DISEASE PATHOGENICITY ASSOCIATION IN XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE- THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF RICE BACTERIAL BLIGHT DISEASE D. Nayak, M. L. Shanti, L. K. Bose, U. D. Singh and P. Nayak Department of Plant Pathology,

More information

Studies on Fertility Restoration Using Newly Derived Restorers in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Studies on Fertility Restoration Using Newly Derived Restorers in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.ci (218) 7(1): 2131-2135 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied ciences IN: 2319-776 Volume 7 Number 1 (218) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original

More information

BIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS

BIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1993. 16:70-72 BIOCONTROL OF ROOT ROT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS J.A. DUVENHAGE 1 AND J.M. KOTZÉ 2 Merensky Technological Services, P.O. Box 14, Duiwelskloof

More information

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PP-22 Selerotinia Diseases of Vegetable and Field Crops in Florida Ken Pernezny and L. H. Purdy, Professor, Everglades Research and Education Center, Belle Glade; and Professor,

More information

SELECTING NEW Brachiaria FOR BRAZILIAN PASTURES. 2 CNPq fellow. Abstract

SELECTING NEW Brachiaria FOR BRAZILIAN PASTURES. 2 CNPq fellow. Abstract ID # 13 14 SELECTING NEW Brachiaria FOR BRAZILIAN PASTURES C.B. do Valle 1,2, V.P.B. Euclides 1,2, M.C.M. Macedo 1,2, J R. Valério 1,2 and S. Calixto 1 1 Embrapa Gado de Corte, Caixa Postal 154, 79002-970

More information

Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima

Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima Identification of culturable endophytes isolated from apple tissues with antagonism towards Neonectria ditissima Jing Liu, Hayley Ridgway & Eirian Jones Background Apple production in NZ widely cultivated

More information

Swarming Biology of Honey Bees

Swarming Biology of Honey Bees Swarming Biology of Honey Bees Jeff Harris Extension/Research Apiculturist Department Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology Mississippi State University, MS 39762 Reproductive Swarms

More information

VIRUS INDEXATION OF IN VITRO REGENERATED SUGARCANE PLANTS

VIRUS INDEXATION OF IN VITRO REGENERATED SUGARCANE PLANTS Pak. J. Bot., 41(4): 1931-1939, 2009. VIRUS INDEXATION OF IN VITRO REGENERATED SUGARCANE PLANTS SHAGUFTA NAZ 1*, FAYYAZ AHMAD SIDDIQUI 2, AAMIR ALI 3 AND JAVED IQBAL 4 1 Department of Botany, Lahore College

More information

Pink Disease of Pineapple

Pink Disease of Pineapple Feature Story March 2003 Pink Disease of Pineapple Clarence I. Kado University of California Department of Plant Pathology One Shields Ave Davis, CA 95616 Contact: cikado@ucdavis.edu Next to mangos and

More information

Science Unit Learning Summary

Science Unit Learning Summary Learning Summary Inheritance, variation and evolution Content Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. In

More information

Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry

Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Blueberry Phillip M. Brannen, UGA Extension Plant Pathologist; Gerard Krewer, UGA Extension Horticulturist; Bob Boland, UGA Extension County Agent; Dan Horton, UGA Extension Entomologist;

More information

In vitro evaluation of resistance of potato cultivars to Phytophthora infestans

In vitro evaluation of resistance of potato cultivars to Phytophthora infestans Running title: TESTING CULTIVAR RESISTANCE TO P. INFESTANS In vitro evaluation of resistance of potato cultivars to Phytophthora infestans G. CRISTINZIO and A. TESTA Department of Arboriculture, Botany

More information

Evolutionary Genetics: Part 0.2 Introduction to Population genetics

Evolutionary Genetics: Part 0.2 Introduction to Population genetics Evolutionary Genetics: Part 0.2 Introduction to Population genetics S. chilense S. peruvianum Winter Semester 2012-2013 Prof Aurélien Tellier FG Populationsgenetik Population genetics Evolution = changes

More information

GENETIC ANALYSES OF ROOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TOMATO CROP MODEL

GENETIC ANALYSES OF ROOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TOMATO CROP MODEL GENETIC ANALYSES OF ROOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TOMATO CROP MODEL Kelsey Hoth 1 Dr. Maria Ivanchenko 2 Bioresourse Research 1, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology 2, Oregon State University, Corvallis,

More information

In-vitro Evaluation of Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotypes against Ralstonia solanacearum Race4

In-vitro Evaluation of Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotypes against Ralstonia solanacearum Race4 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 575-579 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.066

More information

The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited. Xylella fastidiosa: A pathogen with the X-factor

The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited. Xylella fastidiosa: A pathogen with the X-factor Xylella fastidiosa: A pathogen with the X-factor Myrtle Rust Symposium, 28 August 2017 The pathogen Xylella fastidiosa» X. fastidiosa (Xf) is a gammaproteobacterium.» Xf is comprised of four subspecies.»

More information

3/9/2015. Overview. Introduction - sampling. Introduction - sampling. Before Sampling

3/9/2015. Overview. Introduction - sampling. Introduction - sampling. Before Sampling PLP 6404 Epidemiology of Plant Diseases Spring 2015 Lecture 19: Spatial variability, sampling and interplotinterference Prof. Dr. Ariena van Bruggen Emerging Pathogens Institute and Plant Pathology Department,

More information

ANNUAL REPORT SUGARCANE ENTOMOLOGY

ANNUAL REPORT SUGARCANE ENTOMOLOGY ALL INDIA CO-ORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT ON SUGARCANE Pyrilla perpusillla ANNUAL REPORT SUGARCANE ENTOMOLOGY 2012-13 SUGARCANE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS PAU, LUDHIANA ANNUAL REPORT

More information

Towards the Ultimate Solution: Genetic Resistance to HLB in Commercial Citrus. Greening Summit Florida Citrus Growers Institute 2008

Towards the Ultimate Solution: Genetic Resistance to HLB in Commercial Citrus. Greening Summit Florida Citrus Growers Institute 2008 Towards the Ultimate Solution: Genetic Resistance to HLB in Commercial Citrus Greening Summit Florida Citrus Growers Institute 2008 Jude Grosser University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center,

More information

SAFE MOVEMENT OF SUGARCANE GERMPLASM

SAFE MOVEMENT OF SUGARCANE GERMPLASM FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL BOARD FOR PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FAO/IBPGR TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE SAFE MOVEMENT OF SUGARCANE GERMPLASM Edited by E.A. Frison

More information

Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae

Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae Scientific Name Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae Payak & Renfro Common Name(s) Brown stripe downy mildew, brown stripe, and maize downy mildew Type of Pest Fungal-like

More information

Laboratory III Quantitative Genetics

Laboratory III Quantitative Genetics Laboratory III Quantitative Genetics Genetics Biology 303 Spring 2007 Dr. Wadsworth Introduction Mendel's experimental approach depended on the fact that he chose phenotypes that varied in simple and discrete

More information

Prediction of Karnal Bunt of Wheat Based Upon Weather Variables Prevalence in Northern India

Prediction of Karnal Bunt of Wheat Based Upon Weather Variables Prevalence in Northern India International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.420

More information

Breeding and Genetics

Breeding and Genetics Breeding and Genetics I FLOWERING OF SUGARCANE WITH REFERENCE TO INDUCTION AND INHIBITION E. D. Paliatseas Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station Baton Rouge, Louisiana ABSTRACT The minimum,time required

More information

Guide to the Late Blight Decision Support System (DSS) For Potatoes and Tomatoes

Guide to the Late Blight Decision Support System (DSS) For Potatoes and Tomatoes Guide to the Late Blight Decision Support System (DSS) For Potatoes and Tomatoes 1 Setting up an Account: The first step in using the Decision Support System (DSS) is to obtain an account. Laura Joseph

More information

Shoot Apex Development at Various Stages of Flowering in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid)

Shoot Apex Development at Various Stages of Flowering in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) 2008 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 73(2): 173 177, 2008 Shoot Apex Development at Various Stages of Flowering in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) M. Swapna* and Praveen Kumer Singh Division of Crop

More information

Plant Disease Introduction. Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Extension Regional Horticulturist

Plant Disease Introduction. Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Extension Regional Horticulturist Plant Disease Introduction Larry A. Sagers Utah State University Extension Regional Horticulturist Plant Pathology Basics Disease Anything that interferes with normal plant function Plant Pathology Basics

More information

Chapter 1. General Introduction

Chapter 1. General Introduction Chapter 1 General Introduction Chapter 1 POTATO PRODUCTION Potato plants originated from the Andes mountains in South America where potato tubers were consumed as early as 8000 years ago. In the late

More information

Todd A.Steinlage, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture, Plant Materials Center

Todd A.Steinlage, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture, Plant Materials Center Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Alaska Greenhouses and Nurseries Todd A.Steinlage, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Agriculture, Plant Materials Center Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)

More information

Evaluation of Phytophthora ramorum in Nursery Crop Tissue Culture Propagation

Evaluation of Phytophthora ramorum in Nursery Crop Tissue Culture Propagation 2007. Plant Management Network. This article is in the public domain. Accepted for publication 9 April 2007. Published. Evaluation of Phytophthora ramorum in Nursery Crop Tissue Culture Propagation Robert

More information

Plant Stress and Phytophthora ramorum Infection

Plant Stress and Phytophthora ramorum Infection Plant Stress and Phytophthora ramorum Infection Dr. Rick Bostock Department of Plant Pathology University of California, Davis COMTF Annual Meeting June 8-11, 2010 Root stress predisposition to Phytophthora

More information

10.2 A Stochastic Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Contribution of Primary versus Secondary Spread of HLB.

10.2 A Stochastic Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Contribution of Primary versus Secondary Spread of HLB. Page 285 10.2 A Stochastic Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Contribution of Primary versus Secondary Spread of HLB. 1 Gottwald T., 1 Taylor E., 2 Irey M., 2 Gast T., 3 Bergamin-Filho A., 4 Bassanezi R, 5

More information

Seed Production Strategies and Progeny Selection in Greater Yam Breeding

Seed Production Strategies and Progeny Selection in Greater Yam Breeding Seed Production Strategies and Progeny Selection in Greater Yam Breeding K. Abraham, M. T. Sreekumari and M. N. Sheela Central Tuber Crops Research Institute Trivandrum, India Greater yam a food crop of

More information

Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Cane Yield and its Contributing Traits in Sugarcane Clones under Waterlogged Condition

Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Cane Yield and its Contributing Traits in Sugarcane Clones under Waterlogged Condition International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 6 (2017) pp. 1669-1679 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.606.195

More information

Genetic Divergence Studies for the Quantitative Traits of Paddy under Coastal Saline Ecosystem

Genetic Divergence Studies for the Quantitative Traits of Paddy under Coastal Saline Ecosystem J. Indian Soc. Coastal Agric. Res. 34(): 50-54 (016) Genetic Divergence Studies for the Quantitative Traits of Paddy under Coastal Saline Ecosystem T. ANURADHA* Agricultural Research Station, Machilipatnam

More information

ABSTRACT: 54 BREEDING OF HYBRID SOYBEAN ZAYOUDOU NO.1

ABSTRACT: 54 BREEDING OF HYBRID SOYBEAN ZAYOUDOU NO.1 ABSTRACT: 54 BREEDING OF HYBRID SOYBEAN ZAYOUDOU NO.1 ZHANG L, DAI O, HUANG Z, LI J, ZHANG L, HU C, YANG J 1.Crop Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2.Key Laboratory of Crop

More information

Resistance to powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot of multigerm dihaploid sugar beet lines and its inheritance in their hybrids

Resistance to powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot of multigerm dihaploid sugar beet lines and its inheritance in their hybrids RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Resistance to powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot of multigerm dihaploid sugar beet lines and its inheritance in their International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural

More information

Breeding for Resistance to Basal Rot in Narcissus

Breeding for Resistance to Basal Rot in Narcissus Breeding for Resistance to Basal Rot in Narcissus J.H. Carder and C.L. Grant Horticulture Research International Wellesbourne Warwick, CV35 9EF U K Tel: +44(0) 1789 470382 Fax: +44(0) 1789 470552 E-mail:

More information

Population Dynamics of Sugarcane Plassey Borer Chilo tumidicostalis Hmpson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Population Dynamics of Sugarcane Plassey Borer Chilo tumidicostalis Hmpson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.167

More information

A New Candidatus Liberibacter Species Associated with Solanaceous Plants

A New Candidatus Liberibacter Species Associated with Solanaceous Plants A New Candidatus Liberibacter Species Associated with Solanaceous Plants Lia Liefting, Bevan Weir, Lisa Ward, Kerry Paice, Gerard Clover Plant Health and Environment Laboratory MAF Biosecurity New Zealand

More information

Model plants and their Role in genetic manipulation. Mitesh Shrestha

Model plants and their Role in genetic manipulation. Mitesh Shrestha Model plants and their Role in genetic manipulation Mitesh Shrestha Definition of Model Organism Specific species or organism Extensively studied in research laboratories Advance our understanding of Cellular

More information

GENETIC RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE

GENETIC RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE GENETIC RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE TOPIC 1: ORIGIN and DISTRIBUTION of CROP PLANTS Centre of origin: Geographical area where a plant species, either domesticated or wild, first developed with special characteristics

More information

Pathogen toxin-induced electrolyte leakage and phytoalexin accumulation as indices of red-rot (Colletotrichum falcatum Went) resistance in sugarcane

Pathogen toxin-induced electrolyte leakage and phytoalexin accumulation as indices of red-rot (Colletotrichum falcatum Went) resistance in sugarcane Phytopathol. Mediterr. (2003) 42, 129 134 Pathogen toxin-induced electrolyte leakage and phytoalexin accumulation as indices of red-rot (Colletotrichum falcatum Went) resistance in sugarcane DEVARAJ MOHANRAJ,

More information

EpiArch. Improve knowledge in Agro-ecology and Exploit natural regulation mechanisms

EpiArch. Improve knowledge in Agro-ecology and Exploit natural regulation mechanisms EpiArch Improve knowledge in Agro-ecology and Exploit natural regulation mechanisms Calonnec Agnès 26 / 03 / 2014 CONTEXT Which architecture modifications affect the risk and dynamics of pathogen and insect

More information

Department of Mathematics. Mathematical study of competition between Staphylococcus strains within the host and at the host population level

Department of Mathematics. Mathematical study of competition between Staphylococcus strains within the host and at the host population level Department of Mathematics Mathematical study of competition between Staphylococcus strains within the host and at the host population level MATH554: Main Dissertation Written by Nouf Saleh Alghamdi ID

More information

MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide

MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide Activity 2: It s Raining Again?! Using real data from one particular location, students will interpret a graph that relates rainfall to the number of cases of malaria. Background The relationship between

More information

Research Notes: Inheritance of photoperiod insensitivity to flowering in Glycine max

Research Notes: Inheritance of photoperiod insensitivity to flowering in Glycine max Volume 4 Article 6 4-1-1977 Research Notes: Inheritance of photoperiod insensitivity to flowering in Glycine max S. Shanmugasundaram Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Follow this and additional

More information

Projections of harvest disruptions due to. industry under future high and low

Projections of harvest disruptions due to. industry under future high and low Projections of harvest disruptions due to rainfall for the Australian Sugarcane industry under future high and low emission climate scenarios J. Sexton, Y.L. Everingham a and B. Timbal b Presenting Author:

More information

Viruses in Camellias. Simon W. Scott. Clemson University

Viruses in Camellias. Simon W. Scott. Clemson University Viruses in Camellias Simon W. Scott Clemson University 1 In plants all viruses are graft-transmissible agents but Not all graft-transmissible agents are viruses 2 As you are all well aware camellias are

More information

Situation of corn in Myanmar

Situation of corn in Myanmar Situation of corn in Myanmar Phyu Phwe New Plant Variety Protection Unit Department of Agricultural Research(DAR) (2. 8.2016) Introduction Maize - second mandate cereal in Myanmar after rice Mainly utilized

More information

Broomrape resistance in newly developed sunflower inbred lines

Broomrape resistance in newly developed sunflower inbred lines Broomrape resistance in newly developed sunflower inbred lines Sandra Cvejic *, Bosko Dedic, Sinisa Jocic, Dragana Miladinovic, Vladimir Miklic * Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES 1 INTRODUCTION AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES 1 INTRODUCTION AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 7 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES iii xxiii xxviii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION 7 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 AN OVERVIEW OF TEA 8 2.2 TEA

More information

MONOSOMIC ANALYSIS OF ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE TO LEAF RUST IN THE BRAZILlAN WHEAT CULTIVAR 'TOROPI' 1. Abstract

MONOSOMIC ANALYSIS OF ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE TO LEAF RUST IN THE BRAZILlAN WHEAT CULTIVAR 'TOROPI' 1. Abstract MONOSOMIC ANALYSIS OF ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE TO LEAF RUST IN THE BRAZILlAN WHEAT CULTIVAR 'TOROPI' 1. Brammer, S.P.2, Worland, A. 3, Barcellos, A.L. 2, Fernandes, M.I.B. de M. 2 Abstract Favorable environment

More information

Inheritance part 1 AnswerIT

Inheritance part 1 AnswerIT Inheritance part 1 AnswerIT 1. What is a gamete? A cell with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. 2. Name the male and female gametes in a) a human b) a daisy plant a) Male = sperm Female

More information

HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE. Crossing technique : Manual emasculation by detasseling

HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE. Crossing technique : Manual emasculation by detasseling HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE Crossing technique : Manual emasculation by detasseling Detasseling : Removal of male inflorescence from the monoecious crop Time for detasseling : The time taken for shedding

More information

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet

Plant Pathology Fact Sheet Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PP-42 Dasheen Mosaic Disease of Araceous Foliage Plants G. W. Simone and F. W. Zettler, Professor Retired, Extension Plant Pathologist and Professor Plant Pathology Department,

More information

Efficacy of Nano Particles from Chaetomium cupreum to Control Phytophthora spp. Causing Root Rot of Durian

Efficacy of Nano Particles from Chaetomium cupreum to Control Phytophthora spp. Causing Root Rot of Durian International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2017 Vol. 13(7.1):1295-1300 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Efficacy of Nano Particles from Chaetomium cupreum to Control Phytophthora

More information