Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop

Transcription

1 Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Stefano AMADUCCI Department of Sustainable Crop Production stefano.amaducci@unicatt.it Summer School Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Value Added Bioproducts and Bioenergy Beijing, July 2015

2 Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Layout of the lecture: Introduction; Botany, biology and phenology of hemp; Agronomic strategies for multipurpose hemp production; Conclusion.

3 Potential uses of hemp Introduction Hemp as a multipurpose crop

4 Scheme of the MULTIHEMP Biorefinery concept

5 Introduction Stem components after decortication (and field retting)

6 Introduction Actual European uses of hemp fibre

7 Introduction Actual European uses of hemp shives

8 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp

9 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp

10 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Young stem/internode Old stem/internode

11 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Layers of secondary cell wall Fibre cell maturity Primary cell wall Middle lamella

12 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp µm mm

13 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Fibres of different maturity are simultaneously present in different portions of the plant

14 Amaducci, et al., Journal of Industrial Hemp, Vol. 10 (1), Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Plant density x Harvesting time Effect on fibre yield Fibre maturity progresses with time after internode elongation and layers of secondary fibre accumulate.

15 Amaducci, et al., Journal of Industrial Hemp, Vol. 10 (1), Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Fibre maturity progresses with time after internode elongation and layers of secondary fibre accumulate.

16 Amaducci, et al., Journal of Industrial Hemp, Vol. 10 (1), Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Fibre maturity progresses with time after internode elongation and layers of secondary fibre accumulate.

17 Keller, et al., Ind Crops Products Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Progress of fibre development influences decorticability

18 Keller, et al., Ind Crops Products Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp

19 Keller, et al., Ind Crops Products Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp

20 Keller, et al., Ind Crops Products Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp

21 Hemp seeds

22 Hemp seeds

23 Da Porto et al., 2012 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp

24 Introduction Actual European uses of hemp seeds

25 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Fam. Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. (Small, 1974) C. sativa subsp. indica subsp. sativa (Anderson, 1980) C. sativa C. indica C. ruderalis C. erratica Anders C. indica Lamark C. macrosperma Stokes C. chinensis & C. gigantea Delile C. gigantea Crevost C. erratica Siev. C. foetens Gilib C. lupulus Scop. C. americana Pharm C. generalis E.H.L. Krause C. ruderalis Janischeskii

26 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Dioecious

27 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Monoecious

28 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Small & Naraine, Expansion of female sex organs in response to prolonged virginity in Cannabis sativa (marijuana). Genet Resour Crop Evol.

29 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Small & Naraine, Size matters: evolution of large drug-secreting resin glands in elite pharmaceutical strains of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). Genet Resour Crop Evol.

30 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Small & Naraine, Size matters: evolution of large drug-secreting resin glands in elite pharmaceutical strains of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). Genet Resour Crop Evol.

31 Hemp botany, biology and phenology of hemp Definizione dei chemotipi SMALL & BECKSTEAD, 1973 Chemotype I: (drug) Chemotype II: (intermediate) Chemotype III: (fibre) THC > 0.3 % D.W. CBD < 0.5 % D.W. THC 0.3 % D.W. CBD > 0.5% D.W. THC < 0.3% D.W. CBD > 0.5% D.W.

32 Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Agronomic factors Soil preparation Variety choice Sowing time Plant density Plant nutrition Crop rotation and weed management Irrigation Harvesting time

33 Agronomic factors Soil preparation Variety choice Sowing time Plant density Plant nutrition Crop rotation and weed management Irrigation Harvesting time Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Crop parameter Biomass yield

34 Agronomic factors Soil preparation Variety choice Sowing time Plant density Plant nutrition Crop rotation and weed management Irrigation Harvesting time Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Crop parameter Fibre yield

35 Agronomic factors Soil preparation Variety choice Sowing time Plant density Plant nutrition Crop rotation and weed management Irrigation Harvesting time Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Crop parameter Seed yield

36 Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Agronomic factors Soil preparation Variety choice Sowing time Plant density Plant nutrition Crop rotation and weed m. Irrigation Harvesting time Crop parameter Fibre quality: Primary/secondary fibre Degree of maturity Fibre diameter Fibre lenght Lignification

37 Agronomic factors Soil preparation Variety choice Sowing time Plant density Plant nutrition Crop rotation and weed management Irrigation Harvesting time Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Multiuse destination Biomass + seed yield

38 Cultivation strategies for hemp as a multipurpose crop Variety choice: Effect on flowering time

39 Choosing the right genotype Variety choice Effect on flowering time Cultivars bred in northern environments have lower biomass yield when grown in the South, mainly due to shortened growth duration and early-flowering Finola in Latvia Finola in Italy

40 Variety Abbreviation Origin Variety type Beniko Ben Poland Monoecious Bialobrzeskie Bia Poland Monoecious Epsilon 68 Eps France Monoecious Fédora 17 Fed France Monoecious Félina 32 Fel France Monoecious Férimon Fer France Monoecious Futura 75 Fut France Monoecious Markant Mar Netherlands Monoecious Monoica Mon Hungry Monoecious Tygra Try Poland Monoecious CS CS Italy Dioecious KC Dora KC Hungry Dioecious Tiborszallasi Tib Hungry Dioecious Tisza Tis Hungry Dioecious Choosing the right genotype

41 Choosing the right genotype Latitude

42 Choosing the right genotype

43 Choosing the right genotype

44 Choosing the right genotype

45 Amaducci, S. et al, Eur. J. Agron., 28, Hemp phenology Hemp phenology * BVP PIP FDP

46 Amaducci, S. et al, Eur. J. Agron., 28, Hemp phenology Hemp phenology BVP FDP

47 Amaducci, S. et al, Eur. J. Agron., 28, Hemp phenology Hemp phenology PIP

48 Hemp phenology

49 Hemp phenology

50 Hemp phenology

51 Hemp phenology

52 Choosing the best variety for multipurpose applications CZ FR IT Var. Stem Seed Dual 1 Var. Stem Seed Dual Var. Stem Seed Dual Fed. 104% 173% 159%a Fed. 111% 161% 151%a Fed. 77% 146% 133%a Fel. 119% 144% 139%ab Bia. 123% 138% 135%ab Fel. 95% 130% 123%ab Fer. 107% 146% 138%ab Fer. 103% 142% 134%bc Mon. 102% 110% 109%abc Tyg. 130% 124% 125%bc Mon. 91% 126% 119%bcd Tyg. 85% 112% 107%abc Bia. 96% 108% 105%cd Fel. 84% 104% 100%bcde Tis. 142% 94% 104%bc Eps. 93% 107% 104%cd Fut. 131% 89% 97%bcde Bia. 69% 108% 100%bc Mar. 70% 110% 102%cd Ben 64% 105% 97%bcdef Eps. 107% 98% 100%bc Tib. 84% 89% 88%cde Mar. 108% 89% 93%bcdef Fer. 61% 106% 97%bcd Fut. 123% 74% 84%de Tib. 112% 85% 91%bcdef KCD. 134% 85% 95%bcd Ben 90% 77% 80%de Tis. 87% 91% 90%cdef CS 160% 74% 91%bcde KCD. 82% 67% 70%de CS 102% 82% 86%cdef Ben 66% 95% 89%bcde Tis. 81% 66% 69%e Tyg. 97% 82% 85%def Fut. 103% 83% 87%bcde Mon. 108% 55% 65%e Eps. 85% 58% 64%ef Tib. 105% 71% 77%cde CS 117% 49% 62%e KCD. 91% 52% 60%ef Mar. 62% 65% 64%de 1, Dual was caculated by giving weight 1/5 and 4/5 repectively to stem and seed number followed by the same letter in the same column means not statistical difference