Multiple inductive pathways control the timing of flowering. Long-day photoperiod Gibberellins (GA) Vernalization Autonomous pathway

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Multiple inductive pathways control the timing of flowering. Long-day photoperiod Gibberellins (GA) Vernalization Autonomous pathway"

Transcription

1 Multiple inductive pathways control the timing of flowering Long-day photoperiod Gibberellins (GA) Vernalization Autonomous pathway

2 Induction of flowering Multiple cues

3 Photoperiodism Duration of the Light Period As a result of seasonal changes in daylength, plants have evolved systems to ensure viability of seeds: - protection before winter - coincide with the rainy/dry seasons Photoperiodism - plant ability to detect and respond to day length

4 Photoperiodic Response Short Day Plant (SDP) - flower when the day length is less than the Critical Day Length Long Day Plant (LDP)- flower when the day length is greater than the Critical Day Length Day Neutral- flower without respect to day length

5 PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF FLOWERING A short-day plant will not flower until it s exposed to a continuous dark period exceeding a critical length. For a long-day plant, flowering occurs when the night length is shorter than the critical length.

6 Photoperiodic Response

7 Photoperiodic Regulation Plants actually measuring NIGHT length That means that during short day periods of the year by interrupting or splitting a long night with a relatively short photoperiod the plant perceives a short night and a long day even though the natural day length has not changed

8

9 Classes of Photoperiodic Plants Obligate - plant that must absolutely meet the day length requirement to flower Facultative - plant that will flower under most photoperiods but will flower most readily when the photoperiodic requirement is met

10 PHYTOCHROME IS A LIGHT DETECTOR THAT MAY HELP SET THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK How does a plant actually measure photoperiod? Photoreceptive pigments phytochromes are proteins with a light-absorbing component.

11 What Is Phytochrome? Phytochrome is a pigment found in some plant cells that has been proven to control plant development. This pigment has two forms or phases in can exist in. P-red light sensitive (Pr) and P far red light sensitive (Pfr) forms. The actual plant response is very specific to each specie, and some plants do not respond at all. R FR

12 La struttura del fitocromo Un dimero di 1200 aminoacidi con numerosi domini e 2 molecole di cromoforo. Cromofori 660 nm 730 nm Pr Pfr Si lega alle membrane

13 The chromophore group is a linear tetrapyrrole that differs in the conformation and absorption spectrum of its P R state clearly from its P FR state. It is mainly produced in darkness and exists first of all as P R (or P 660 ). The exposure to light of the wave length λ = 660 nm (red) transfers it into P FR (or P 730 ; FR = far- red). P FR is re-transferred into P R by exposure to light of the wave length λ= 730 nm. P R is the biologically inactive, P FR the biologically active state.

14 How Phytochrome Works?

15 660 nm Synthesis Pr Red Light (Fast) Far Red Light Dark Reversion Pfr 740 nm Destruction Vegetative (Non-Flowering) (Slow) Reproductive (Flowering)

16 Mid-Summer Sunlight 660 nm 740 nm Synthesis Pr Red Light (Fast) Far Red Light Pfr Destruction Dark Reversion Vegetative (Non-Flowering) (Slow) Reproductive (Flowering) Long-Day Plants Need Low Pr!

17 660 nm Synthesis Pr Red Light (Fast) Far Red Light Pfr Dark Reversion Long Night 740 nm Destruction Vegetative (Non-Flowering) (Slow) Reproductive (Flowering) Long-Day Plants Need Low Pr!

18 Mid- Summer Sunlight 660 nm Synthesis Reproductive (Flowering) Pr Red Light (Fast) Far Red Light Dark Reversion (Slow) Pfr 740 nm Destruction Vegetative (Non-Flowering) Short-Day Plant Need Low Pfr!

19 Long Night 660 nm 740 nm Synthesis Pr Red Light (Fast) Far Red Light Dark Reversion Pfr Destruction Reproductive (Flowering) (Slow) Vegetative (Non-Flowering) Short-Day Plants Need Low Pfr!

20 PLANTS HAVE INTERNAL CLOCKS As we have body activities that change with time of the day, plants display rhythmic behaviour too. Circadian rhythm: o Innate biological clock of about 24 hours. o Persists when organism not exposed to environmental cues. o E.g. bean plant still sleeps at the same time of day even when kept in constant light or dark. O Hence circadian rhythms occur with or without external stimuli. o These are controlled by biological clocks.

21

22

23

15. PHOTOPERIODISM. 1. Short day plants

15. PHOTOPERIODISM. 1. Short day plants 15. PHOTOPERIODISM Photoperiodism is the phenomenon of physiological changes that occur in plants in response to relative length of day and night (i.e. photoperiod). The response of the plants to the photoperiod,

More information

Not just the presence of light, but direction, intensity, wavelength as well.

Not just the presence of light, but direction, intensity, wavelength as well. Not just the presence of light, but direction, intensity, wavelength as well. Need this to measure the passage of days and seasons ED and BLUE light are the most important colors in regulating this in

More information

Plant Stimuli pp Topic 3: Plant Behaviour Ch. 39. Plant Behavioural Responses. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones pp

Plant Stimuli pp Topic 3: Plant Behaviour Ch. 39. Plant Behavioural Responses. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones pp Topic 3: Plant Behaviour Ch. 39 Plants exist in environments that are constantly changing. Like animals, plants must be able to detect and react to stimuli in the environment. Unlike animals, plants can

More information

A. Stimulus Response:

A. Stimulus Response: Plant Hormones A. Stimulus Response: A house plant on a windowsill grows light. If you rotate the plant, it reorients its growth until its leaves face the window again. The growth of a shoot towards light

More information

Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.

Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Enduring understanding 2.C: Organisms use feedback mechanisms

More information

Flower Development Pathways

Flower Development Pathways Developmental Leading to Flowering Flower Development s meristem Inflorescence meristem meristems organ identity genes Flower development s to Flowering Multiple pathways ensures flowering will take place

More information

Light Quality. Light Quality. Light Quality. Light Quality. Roberto Lopez, Purdue Univ. Review of Light Concepts

Light Quality. Light Quality. Light Quality. Light Quality. Roberto Lopez, Purdue Univ. Review of Light Concepts Effects of & Duration Review of Light Concepts Effects of and Duration on Greenhouse Crops Roberto Lopez Light is a form of energy referred to as electromagnetic radiation. The amount of energy of each

More information

Regulatory Systems in Plants (Ch 39)

Regulatory Systems in Plants (Ch 39) Regulatory Systems in Plants (Ch 39) Plants show complex responses to environmental stimuli Problem: no nervous system (detection) & no muscular system (response) Various mechanisms for detecting stimuli

More information

PLANT GROWTH. IB Topic 9.3 & 9.4 Urry text ref: Ch 28 & 31

PLANT GROWTH. IB Topic 9.3 & 9.4 Urry text ref: Ch 28 & 31 PLANT GROWTH IB Topic 9.3 & 9.4 Urry text ref: Ch 28 & 31 INDETERMINATE GROWTH = throughout life meristems like stem cells in humans Shoot tip (shoot apical meristem and young leaves) lateral Axillary

More information

16. TRANSMISSION OF STIMULUS - THEORIES OF FLOWERING.

16. TRANSMISSION OF STIMULUS - THEORIES OF FLOWERING. 16. TRANSMISSION OF STIMULUS - THEORIES OF FLOWERING. Photoperiodic Induction The influence of the length of day and night on the initiation of flowering is called photoperiodic induction or photo induction.

More information

Chapter 39. Plant Response. AP Biology

Chapter 39. Plant Response. AP Biology Chapter 39. Plant Response 1 Plant Reactions Stimuli & a Stationary Life u animals respond to stimuli by changing behavior move toward positive stimuli move away from negative stimuli u plants respond

More information

THE ROLE OF THE PHYTOCHROME B PHOTORECEPTOR IN THE REGULATION OF PHOTOPERIODIC FLOWERING. AnitaHajdu. Thesis of the Ph.D.

THE ROLE OF THE PHYTOCHROME B PHOTORECEPTOR IN THE REGULATION OF PHOTOPERIODIC FLOWERING. AnitaHajdu. Thesis of the Ph.D. THE ROLE OF THE PHYTOCHROME B PHOTORECEPTOR IN THE REGULATION OF PHOTOPERIODIC FLOWERING AnitaHajdu Thesis of the Ph.D. dissertation Supervisor: Dr. LászlóKozma-Bognár - senior research associate Doctoral

More information

Chapter 39. Plant Reactions. Plant Hormones 2/25/2013. Plants Response. What mechanisms causes this response? Signal Transduction Pathway model

Chapter 39. Plant Reactions. Plant Hormones 2/25/2013. Plants Response. What mechanisms causes this response? Signal Transduction Pathway model Chapter 39 Plants Response Plant Reactions Stimuli & a Stationary life Animals respond to stimuli by changing behavior Move toward positive stimuli Move away from negative stimuli Plants respond to stimuli

More information

Plants are sessile. 10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg

Plants are sessile.   10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg Plants are sessile www.mccullagh.org/db9/ 10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg Plants have distinct requirements because of their sessile nature Organism-level requirements Must adjust to environment at given location

More information

TOPIC 9.4 REPRODUCTION OF PLANTS

TOPIC 9.4 REPRODUCTION OF PLANTS TOPIC 9.4 REPRODUCTION OF PLANTS INTRO https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/41/62941-004-e3f5377b.jpg IB BIO 9.4 2 Flowers are reproductive structures found in flowering plants. Their function is to

More information

CBMG688R. ADVANCED PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY II G. Deitzer Spring 2006 LECTURE

CBMG688R. ADVANCED PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY II G. Deitzer Spring 2006 LECTURE 1 CBMG688R. ADVANCED PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY II G. Deitzer Spring 2006 LECTURE Photomorphogenesis and Light Signaling Photoregulation 1. Light Quantity 2. Light Quality 3. Light Duration 4. Light

More information

NCEA Level 3 Biology (90716) 2005 page 1 of 5. Q Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence

NCEA Level 3 Biology (90716) 2005 page 1 of 5. Q Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence NCEA Level 3 Biology (90716) 2005 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2005 Biology: Describe animal behaviour and plant responses (90716) Evidence Statement 1(a) Describes TWO methods of navigation. (orientation

More information

Analysis of regulatory function of circadian clock. on photoreceptor gene expression

Analysis of regulatory function of circadian clock. on photoreceptor gene expression Thesis of Ph.D. dissertation Analysis of regulatory function of circadian clock on photoreceptor gene expression Tóth Réka Supervisor: Dr. Ferenc Nagy Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy

More information

Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants

Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by

More information

Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants

Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants Chapter Control Systems in Plants Figure.0_ Chapter : Big Ideas PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko

More information

Electromagenetic spectrum

Electromagenetic spectrum Light Controls of Plant Development 1 Electromagenetic spectrum 2 Light It is vital for photosynthesis and is also necessary to direct plant growth and development. It acts as a signal to initiate and

More information

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Growth and Development Plant Growth and Development Concept 26.1 Plants Develop in Response to the Environment Factors involved in regulating plant growth and development: 1. Environmental cues (e.g., day length) 2. Receptors

More information

Seeing without eyes-how plants learn from light

Seeing without eyes-how plants learn from light Seeing without eyes-how plants learn from light by STEPHEN DAY 1. INTRODUCTION Plants detect the intensity, direction, colour, and duration of light and use this information to regulate their growth and

More information

Figure 18.1 Blue-light stimulated phototropism Blue light Inhibits seedling hypocotyl elongation

Figure 18.1 Blue-light stimulated phototropism Blue light Inhibits seedling hypocotyl elongation Blue Light and Photomorphogenesis Q: Figure 18.3 Blue light responses - phototropsim of growing Corn Coleoptile 1. How do we know plants respond to blue light? 2. What are the functions of multiple BL

More information

Plant. Responses and Adaptations. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones. Auxins. Auxins. Hormones tell plants:

Plant. Responses and Adaptations. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones. Auxins. Auxins. Hormones tell plants: Plant Responses and Adaptations Plant Hormones Hormone - a substance that is produced in 1 part of an organism & affects another part of the same individual (a chemical messenger) Plant hormones are chemical

More information

Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Concept 39.1 Signal transduction pathways link signal reception to response This concept brings together the general

More information

SEED DORMANCY. Seed dormancy definitions. Seed dormancy. Seed dormancy 10/14/2013

SEED DORMANCY. Seed dormancy definitions. Seed dormancy. Seed dormancy 10/14/2013 Seed dormancy definitions SEED DORMANCY Seed dormancy is a survival mechanism by which seeds can delay germination until the right environmental conditions for seedling growth and development. Seed dormancy

More information

AP Plants II Practice test

AP Plants II Practice test AP Plants II Practice test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect

More information

Photoreceptor Regulation of Constans Protein in Photoperiodic Flowering

Photoreceptor Regulation of Constans Protein in Photoperiodic Flowering Photoreceptor Regulation of Constans Protein in Photoperiodic Flowering by Valverde et. Al Published in Science 2004 Presented by Boyana Grigorova CBMG 688R Feb. 12, 2007 Circadian Rhythms: The Clock Within

More information

Chapter 31 Active Reading Guide Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Chapter 31 Active Reading Guide Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 31 Active Reading Guide Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals This concept brings together the general ideas on cell communication from Chapter 5.6 with specific

More information

Flowering Time Control in Plants -How plants know the time to flower?

Flowering Time Control in Plants -How plants know the time to flower? Advanced Molecular and Cell Biology II, 2015/12/04 Flowering Time Control in Plants -How plants know the time to flower? Masaki NIWA Grad. Sch. Biostudies, Kyoto Univ. Why can plants bloom every year in

More information

Plant Responses and Adaptations Video

Plant Responses and Adaptations Video Plant Responses and Adaptations Video Hormone -a substance that is produced in one part of an organism & affects another part of the same individual Plant hormones are chemical substances Control a plant

More information

AS Plant Responses

AS Plant Responses AS 91603 Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (2017, 1) Plant Responses Manuka seeds Manuka seeds germinating Manuka seedlings When the mānuka

More information

Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Overview: Stimuli and a Stationary Life Plants, being rooted to the ground, must respond to whatever environmental change comes their way For

More information

Name Date Class. As you read Chapter 12, which begins on page 278 of your textbook, answer the following questions.

Name Date Class. As you read Chapter 12, which begins on page 278 of your textbook, answer the following questions. CHAPTER 12 DIRECTED READING WORKSHEET Plant Processes As you read Chapter 12, which begins on page 278 of your textbook, answer the following questions. Strange but True! (p. 278) 1. How do wasps act as

More information

Biology 120 J. Greg Doheny. Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Signals are Mediated by Plant Hormones

Biology 120 J. Greg Doheny. Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Signals are Mediated by Plant Hormones Biology 120 J. Greg Doheny Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Signals are Mediated by Plant Hormones Plants are able to change their growth and behavior in response to external signals (ie-growing towards light,

More information

? Lighting is in our culture Lighting is in our culture LED USE WHY

? Lighting is in our culture Lighting is in our culture LED USE WHY WHY USE LED? Lighting is in is our in culture our culture THE FUNDAMENTAL REASONING BEHIND THE USE OF GROW LIGHTS - COMMUNITY CONCERNS NOURISHING OUR PLANET AND ITS PEOPLE In the last 50 years, our world

More information

Plant Growth and Development Part I I

Plant Growth and Development Part I I Plant Growth and Development Part I I 1 Simply defined as: making with light Chlorophyll is needed (in the cells) to trap light energy to make sugars and starches Optimum temperature: 65 o F to 85 o F

More information

Biology. Chapter 27. Plant Reproduction and Development. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015

Biology. Chapter 27. Plant Reproduction and Development. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015 Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 27 Plant Reproduction and Development 27.1 What Are the Structure and Function of Flowers? Flowers: reproductive structures of angiosperms

More information

CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS

CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS AP BIOLOGY PLANTS FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #5 NAME DATE HOUR CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS HORMONES MECHANISM FOR HORMONE ACTION Plant Form and Function Activity #5 page 1 CONTROL OF CELL ELONGATION Plant

More information

Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants Multiple-Choice Questions Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants 33.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is a health benefit associated with increasing

More information

What factors affect the growth, development and responses of plants?

What factors affect the growth, development and responses of plants? ecurriculum System emap Licensed to: TRUMBULL PUBLIC SCHOOLS COURSE: Honors Biology UNIT: Unit 8: Plant Biology CODE: MAP LEVEL: CONTACT: Doug Winters; Denise Weed; Marty Schaivone GRADE: TIME FRAME: 3

More information

Assessment Schedule 2013 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603)

Assessment Schedule 2013 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) NCEA Level 3 Biology (91603) 2013 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2013 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) Assessment Criteria

More information

Generation Date: 12/07/2015 Generated By: Tristan Wiley Title: Bio I Winter Packet

Generation Date: 12/07/2015 Generated By: Tristan Wiley Title: Bio I Winter Packet Generation Date: 12/07/2015 Generated By: Tristan Wiley Title: Bio I Winter Packet 1. Many natural ecosystems have been destroyed by human activity. To better manage our remaining natural ecosystems, we

More information

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants Lesson 2 Plant Responses Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants Lesson 2 Plant Responses Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants Lesson 2 Plant Responses Chapter Wrap-Up Materials for Plant Processes Xylem and phloem the vascular tissue in most plants transport materials

More information

Ch 25 - Plant Hormones and Plant Growth

Ch 25 - Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Ch 25 - Plant Hormones and Plant Growth I. Patterns of plant growth A. Plant continue to grow, even in old age. i.e. new leaves, needles, new wood, new cones, new flowers, etc. B. Meristem continues to

More information

AP Biology Plant Control and Coordination

AP Biology Plant Control and Coordination AP Biology Plant Control and Coordination 1. What is the effect of the plant hormone ethylene on fruit ripening? 2. How does fruit change as it ripens? 3. What is the mechanism behind ripening? 4. Why

More information

*Lab Make-up option* Dynamic Plant Plant Movements, Hormones & Defense Systems

*Lab Make-up option* Dynamic Plant Plant Movements, Hormones & Defense Systems Dynamic Plant Plant Movements, Hormones & Defense Systems Resurrection plant Selaginella lepidophylla A Club moss, Lycophyta *Lab Make-up option* Weed Profile Project Pick a common weed in Oregon and create

More information

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. Assessment Chapter Test B Plant Responses In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 1. thigmonasty 2. auxin 3. ethylene 4. phytochrome 5. abscisic

More information

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal

More information

Crop Development and Components of Seed Yield. Thomas G Chastain CSS 460/560 Seed Production

Crop Development and Components of Seed Yield. Thomas G Chastain CSS 460/560 Seed Production Crop Development and Components of Seed Yield Thomas G Chastain CSS 460/560 Seed Production White clover seed field Seed Yield Seed yield results from the interaction of the following factors: 1. Genetic

More information

3 Plant Development and Responses

3 Plant Development and Responses CHAPTER 13 3 Plant Development and Responses SECTION Plant Processes 7.1.f, 7.5.a California Science Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:

More information

PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 84 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 15 PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Ethylene is used for a. Retarding ripening of tomatoes b. Hastening of ripening of fruits c. Slowing down

More information

SYLLABUS, BIO 328D: DISCOVERY LABORATORY IN PLANT BIOLOGY

SYLLABUS, BIO 328D: DISCOVERY LABORATORY IN PLANT BIOLOGY SYLLABUS, BIO 328D: DISCOVERY LABORATORY IN PLANT BIOLOGY Instructor: Stan Roux; BIO 16; 471-4238; sroux@uts.cc.utexas.edu; Office hrs: TTh, 10-11:30 AM TA: Ashley Cannon; BIO 15; 471-1074; ashleycannon@utexas.edu;

More information

Plant Growth & Development. Growth Processes Photosynthesis. Plant Growth & Development

Plant Growth & Development. Growth Processes Photosynthesis. Plant Growth & Development Plant Growth & Development Growth Processes Growth Requirements Types of Growth & Development Factors Growth Processes Photosynthesis Creating carbohydrates (stored energy) from CO 2 + water + sunlight

More information

Biological Rhythms and Photoperiodism in Plants

Biological Rhythms and Photoperiodism in Plants P.J. LUMSDEN Department ofapplied Biology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PRl 2HE, UK AJ. MILLAR Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Biological Rhythms

More information

Unit Two: Chemical Control

Unit Two: Chemical Control Unit Two: Chemical Control 3.1 Plant growth and development are regulated by hormones Tropism is a biological phenomenon in which plants grow toward or away from an environmental stimulus, such as light,

More information

Marcelo J. Yanovsky and Steve A. Kay

Marcelo J. Yanovsky and Steve A. Kay LIVING BY THE CALENDAR: HOW PLANTS KNOW WHEN TO FLOWER Marcelo J. Yanovsky and Steve A. Kay Reproductive processes in plants and animals are usually synchronized with favourable seasons of the year. It

More information

o f the Dark Phase on Diapause Determination in Papilio xuthus L.

o f the Dark Phase on Diapause Determination in Papilio xuthus L. No. 6] Proc. Japan Acad., 46 (1970) 541 127. Effect o f Non 24 Hour Photo period and Light Interruption o f the Dark Phase on Diapause Determination in Papilio xuthus L. By Toshitaka HIDAKA and Yoshio

More information

Ch Plant Hormones

Ch Plant Hormones Ch. 39 Plant Hormones I. Plant Hormones Chemical signals that coordinate the parts of an organism. Only minute amounts are needed to get the desired response. Control plant growth and development by affecting

More information

7/31/2014 WHAT IS LIGHT? SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING JOHANNA OOSTERWYK DC SMITH GREENHOUSE MANAGER UW-MADISON DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE

7/31/2014 WHAT IS LIGHT? SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING JOHANNA OOSTERWYK DC SMITH GREENHOUSE MANAGER UW-MADISON DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE WHAT IS LIGHT? SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING JOHANNA OOSTERWYK DC SMITH GREENHOUSE MANAGER UW-MADISON DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE Electromagnetic radiation Energy emitted by a light source Measured in watts Visible

More information

What Is a Time Zone? Nature doesn t have a clock; a clock is a human invention. Instead animals, plants and humans respond to the length of the day from sunrise until sunset. This is known as a natural

More information

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER IX Stages of Growth and Development VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 4/6/2008 DMA: Chapter 9 Hartmann's Plant 1 Shoot and Root Systems The root system and the shoot system tend to maintain a balance:

More information

Growth and development of plants influenced by: Genetic factors External environmental factors Chemicals Plants respond to chemicals that are

Growth and development of plants influenced by: Genetic factors External environmental factors Chemicals Plants respond to chemicals that are Plant Responses PLANT HORMONES Growth and development of plants influenced by: Genetic factors External environmental factors Chemicals Plants respond to chemicals that are naturally inside them and to

More information

2012 Assessment Report. Biology Level 3

2012 Assessment Report. Biology Level 3 National Certificate of Educational Achievement 2012 Assessment Report Biology Level 3 90715 Describe the role of DNA in relation to gene expression 90716 Describe animal behaviour and plant responses

More information

How Much do Hanging Baskets Influence the Light Quality and Quantity for Crops Grown Below?

How Much do Hanging Baskets Influence the Light Quality and Quantity for Crops Grown Below? Volume 4, Number 21 March 2016 by Roberto Lopez rglopez@msu.edu and Joshua Craver jcraver@purdue.edu How Much do Hanging Baskets Influence the Light Quality and Quantity for Crops Grown Below? In this

More information

The Potential for Life on Tidally-Locked Planets

The Potential for Life on Tidally-Locked Planets The Potential for Life on Tidally-Locked Planets Joe Gale 1 and Amri Wandel 2 Institute of Life Sciences 1 and Racach Institute of Physics 2 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ILASOL HU - 2018 How many

More information

Complete the notes on photosynthesis in the spaces below.

Complete the notes on photosynthesis in the spaces below. Section: 3.2 Name: Opening Activity: What type of energy is absorbed by pigment molecules in plant cells to start photosynthesis? Latin Root Word: Review of Old Information: ATP then provides the energy

More information

Study questions Test 3. Plant Structure Cntd. Photosynthesis

Study questions Test 3. Plant Structure Cntd. Photosynthesis Study questions Test 3 Plant Structure Cntd. 1. Describe the internal structure of typical leaf and functions of each tissue in it. 2. How are guard cells different from other leaf epidermal cells? 3.

More information

Let light motivate your flowers

Let light motivate your flowers Let light motivate your flowers LightDec Horticulture Light recipes from LEDIG are the best in this market. Their recommendations increased my profits in year one by 23% LED Solutions from LEDIG LED Industrial

More information

Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis

Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis An Overview of Photosynthesis Most of the energy used by almost all living cells ultimately comes from the sun plants, algae, and some bacteria capture the

More information

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. a- Photoperiodism c- Vernalization. b- Auxin precursors d- plant development.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. a- Photoperiodism c- Vernalization. b- Auxin precursors d- plant development. Benha university Faculty of science Botany Department Micro&chem.. 3 th year Exam. 2013 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Q1: Define the following:- a- Photoperiodism c- Vernalization b- Auxin precursors d- plant development.

More information

Unit C: Plant Physiology. Lesson 2: Understanding Light, Temperature, Air, and Water Effects on Plant Growth

Unit C: Plant Physiology. Lesson 2: Understanding Light, Temperature, Air, and Water Effects on Plant Growth Unit C: Plant Physiology Lesson 2: Understanding Light, Temperature, Air, and Water Effects on Plant Growth 1 Terms Day neutral plant (DNP) Foot-candles Hardiness Long day plant (LDP) Photoperiod Short

More information

d. Abscisic Acid (ABA) e. Ethylene

d. Abscisic Acid (ABA) e. Ethylene AP Bio Plant Unit Review Guide and FRQs Plant Diversity Ch 23 1. List characteristics that distinguish plants from other organisms in other kingdoms. 2. Distinguish between sporophyte or gametophyte, which

More information

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Lecture Outline

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Lecture Outline Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Lecture Outline Overview: Stimuli and a Stationary Life At every stage in the life of a plant, sensitivity to the environment and coordination of responses

More information

Chapter 26: Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Chapter 26: Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses Chapter 26: Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses AP Curriculum Alignment Big Idea 2 explains that organisms maintain homeostasis by using positive and negative feedback mechanisms. A plant s response

More information

Understanding Light, Temperature, Air, and Water Effects on Plant Growth

Understanding Light, Temperature, Air, and Water Effects on Plant Growth Lesson A2 7 Understanding Light, Temperature, Air, and Water Effects on Plant Growth Unit A. Horticultural Science Problem Area 2. Plant Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 7. Understanding Light, Temperature,

More information

Plant Processes. Plant Responses

Plant Processes. Plant Responses CHAPTER 11 Plant Processes LESSON 2 Plant Responses What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with

More information

ATP, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

ATP, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis ATP, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Energy for Cells Free Energy: the energy available to do work Types of Reactions Endergonic Reactions: require an input of energy Exergonic Reactions: release

More information

Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603)

Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) NCEA Level 3 Biology (91603) 2016 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2016 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) Evidence Statement

More information

SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi Lesson Plan ( ) Department of Botany

SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi Lesson Plan ( ) Department of Botany SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi Lesson Plan (2016-17) Department of Botany Course Name: B.Sc. (H) Life Sciences III year Title of the Paper: Developmental Biology and Physiology - Plant Name of

More information

Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Julia Keller 12d Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 1. What causes a shriveled potato to grow skinny, pale sprouts? Morphological

More information

Chapter 25 Plant Processes. Biology II

Chapter 25 Plant Processes. Biology II Chapter 25 Plant Processes Biology II 25.1 Nutrients and Transport Plants grow by adding new cells through cell division Must have steady supply of raw materials to build new cells Nutrients (most) Plants

More information

Lesson 2 Plant Responses

Lesson 2 Plant Responses Lesson 2 Plant Responses Student Labs and Activities Page Launch Lab 25 Content Vocabulary 26 Lesson Outline 27 MiniLab 29 Content Practice A 30 Content Practice B 31 Math Skills 32 School to Home 33 Key

More information

Page 1. Skill: Application/Analysis. Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation. Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

Page 1. Skill: Application/Analysis. Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation. Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Multiple-Choice Questions 1) All of the following may function in signal transduction in plants except A) calcium ions. B) nonrandom mutations.

More information

Name: Period: Date: Photosynthesis Practice Questions

Name: Period: Date: Photosynthesis Practice Questions Name: Date: Photosynthesis Practice Questions 1. The diagram below represents events associated with a biochemical process that occurs in some organisms. 2. The diagram below represents the setup for an

More information

Introduction to Biology Lecture 1

Introduction to Biology Lecture 1 Introduction to Biology Lecture 1 Aspects of Science Science has two aspects. It is both (1) a body of knowledge and (2) a method used for discovering new knowledge. What is biology? The word biology comes

More information

NAME ONE THING we have in common with plants. If

NAME ONE THING we have in common with plants. If Cellular Respiration NAME ONE THING we have in common with plants. If you said cellular respiration, you are right. That is one thing we have in common with plants, slugs, slime mold, and spiders. Living

More information

Studies on the Light Controlling Flower Initiation of Pharbitis Nil. VI. Effect of Natural Twilight. by Atsushi TAKIMOTO* and Katsuhiko IKEVA*

Studies on the Light Controlling Flower Initiation of Pharbitis Nil. VI. Effect of Natural Twilight. by Atsushi TAKIMOTO* and Katsuhiko IKEVA* Studies on the Light Controlling Flower Initiation of Pharbitis Nil. Received September 9, 1959 VI. Effect of Natural Twilight by Atsushi TAKIMOTO* and Katsuhiko IKEVA* Many investigators consider that

More information

CONTROL OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BI-2232 RIZKITA R E

CONTROL OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BI-2232 RIZKITA R E CONTROL OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BI-2232 RIZKITA R E The development of a plant the series of progressive changes that take place throughout its life is regulated in complex ways. Factors take part

More information

PLANT LIFECYCLES. Name: Class:

PLANT LIFECYCLES. Name: Class: PLANT LIFECYCLES Name: Class: Directions: Match the words with the big ideas by writing the letter beside the idea. Use the same words in the short article below. Use key words and phrases from the article

More information

Is that artificial turf or real grass? Its thicker than Bermuda!

Is that artificial turf or real grass? Its thicker than Bermuda! Is that artificial turf or real grass? Its thicker than Bermuda! 1 Using Plant Growth Regulators Growth regulators DO NOT interfere with plant respiration, photosynthesis, or other internal plant functions

More information

Unit 8 Plant Form and Function. Chapter 31: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Unit 8 Plant Form and Function. Chapter 31: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Unit 8 Plant Form and Function Chapter 31: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Overview: The Race to Live Young seedlings must outcompete their neighbors in the race for resources in order

More information

Application Note The Phytochrome System Why Use Far-Red?

Application Note The Phytochrome System Why Use Far-Red? ANO004 // JOHANN WALDHERR // DR. RICHARD BLAKEY 1 Introduction The light requirement of plants is now known to be far more complex than originally thought leading to the development of numerous LED technologies

More information

Cells: 3 Star. Which row in the chart below best explains the movement of some molecules between the model cell and the solution in the beaker?

Cells: 3 Star. Which row in the chart below best explains the movement of some molecules between the model cell and the solution in the beaker? ells: 3 Star 1. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a model cell setup. The locations of three different substances

More information

The Circadian Clock Regulates the Photoperiodic Response of Hypocotyl Elongation through a Coincidence Mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana

The Circadian Clock Regulates the Photoperiodic Response of Hypocotyl Elongation through a Coincidence Mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana The Circadian Clock Regulates the Photoperiodic Response of Hypocotyl Elongation through a Coincidence Mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana Yusuke Niwa, Takafumi Yamashino * and Takeshi Mizuno Laboratory

More information

5 th INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD

5 th INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD 5 th INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD THEORETICAL COMPETITION December 11, 2008 T-1 Read carefully the following instructions: 1. The time available is 3 hours. 2. The total number of the problems

More information

Level 3 Biology, 2014

Level 3 Biology, 2014 91603 916030 3SUPERVISOR S Level 3 Biology, 2014 91603 Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment 9.30 am Thursday 13 November 2014 Credits: Five Achievement

More information

PHOTOSYNTHESIS 10 APRIL 2013

PHOTOSYNTHESIS 10 APRIL 2013 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 10 APRIL 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Review the structures of the leaf Study the process of looking at the light and dark phases Look at the importance of Look at the effects

More information

Epigenetics and Flowering Any potentially stable and heritable change in gene expression that occurs without a change in DNA sequence

Epigenetics and Flowering Any potentially stable and heritable change in gene expression that occurs without a change in DNA sequence Epigenetics and Flowering Any potentially stable and heritable change in gene expression that occurs without a change in DNA sequence www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.110.tt0110 Epigenetics Usually

More information