Aquatic Bryophytes. What is a bryophyte? I. Big picture. II. Biology -Life Life Cycle -Major Groups -Adaptations. III. Aquatic Bryophyte Ecology

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1 Aquatic Bryophytes What is a bryophyte? -Life Life Cycle -Major Groups -Adaptations Heather Lintz Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Bryophytes are here All land plants likely to have freshwater algal ancestor Non-vascular: Bryophytes Seedless vascular Gymnosperms Angiosperms Algal ancestor had floating eggs and swimming sperm Bryophytes are the first to meet the challenge of land Gametophyte Reduction 4 Major Plant Groups 12 Plant Phyla Capsule Seta Bryophytes Dominant Gametophyte Angiosperms Reduced Gametophyte Gametophyte Leaf Rhizoid 1

2 Moss Life Cycle Diversity in Bryo Sexuality 2n Some species produce millions of spores n 2n meiosis Gametophyte n fertilization Some species practice abstention Spores Protonema Some species are transexual Archegonia Antheridia What is a bryophyte? Bryophyta (Mosses) 3 Bryophyte Phyla: Hepatophyta (Liverworts) Anthocerophyta (Hornworts) Life Cycle Major Groups Adaptations differences similarities spiral leaf arrangement dorsal-ventral leaf arrangement or thallus thallus (tends to be curly) Distinguishing Features of Phyla Mosses Liverworts Hornworts What do all bryophytes share? Gametophyte dominance To Be Experienced In lab Unbranched sporophyte (although, it could be upside-down) In thalloid livers, umbrella = gametophyte Thalloid liverwort sporophyte 2

3 What else do all bryophytes share? Biflagellate sperm Form of sex organs -Life Cycle -Major Groups -Adaptations! General Aquatic Bryos antheridium archegonium -Aquatic bryo habitats -Moss in bogs Bryophyte adaptations: A. Obstacle - Dessication i. Plant : - poikilohydry - growth form ii. Spores : iii. Gametes : -size -specialized traits -asexual repro: fragmentation; gemmae -waterproof sporopollenin -spores are world travelers -some protection, but sperm still need film of water Bryophyte adaptations: B. Obstacle - Acquisition minerals - Small size - Direct absorption through cells - Primitive vasculature: endo vs. ectohydric - Cation exchange capacity hydroids leptoids Unistratose Bryophyte adaptations Aquatic Bryophyte Adaptations C. Obstacle - gravity Bryos fight gravity - for light acquisition; spore and gamete dispersal -Primary cell walls only, some turgor support, not much Generalizations are hard to make Submerged aquatic bryos have: low surface texture, open growth from Some aquatic bryos are considered xeric hydrophytes 3

4 Bryophyte Ecology Ernst Häeckel The science of relationships between organisms and their environment Oikos- home Oekologie Ecology The study of home Some example questions in bryophyte ecology: How do bryophyte communities vary with environmental factors? How (and why) do species co-exist? Where are aquatic bryophytes found? What can bryophytes tell us about global climate change? How do bryophytes regulate the environment? Old World Deli next Tuesday at 4 Where are aquatic bryophytes commonly found? Riparian and aquatic habitats in wadeable freshwater channels = Bryophyte Heaven Bryophytes are generally not abundant in marshes Lakes and Ponds = bryos can be found along shorelines or in submerged habitats MARSHES: Wetlands dominated by emergent plants FENS: groundwater-driven peatlands Bryos can abound!!! Bryos are not in the ocean FENS contain brown mosses, A functional group of moss genera known as fen indicators : Brachythecium Amblystegium Aulacomnium 4

5 BOGS: Precipitation-driven peatlands dominated by Sphagnum Next eco question: How do bryophytes regulate the environment (for example, in bogs)? Sphagnum traits that influence the bog environment: water holding capacity indeterminate growth cation exchange capacity Sphagnum Landscape characteristics Climate The End Bog characteristics: stagnant water (not flowing) anaerobic environment cations and nutrients are scarce very acidic no bacterial decomposition = mummification 5

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