Aloes of the World: African Plants Initiative. An international webbased collaboration to promote scholarly research on Aloe L.
|
|
- Kimberly Fletcher
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bradleya 26/2008 pages Aloes of the World: African Plants Initiative. An international webbased collaboration to promote scholarly research on Aloe L. Gideon F. Smith 1,2, Michele Walters 3, Ronell R. Klopper 3 and Neil R. Crouch 4,5 1 Office of the Chief Director: Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa ( smithg@sanbi.org). 2 Acocks Chair, H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa. 3 Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa ( walters@sanbi.org & klopper@sanbi.org). 4 Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road, 4007 South Africa ( crouch@sanbi.org). 5 School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa. Summary: In November 2007, a group of about 40 international experts on the genus Aloe L. met in South Africa for a workshop to seek consensus on achievable, key objectives for the Aloes of the World Project (AWP). This was the first event of its kind where Aloe alone was approached on this scale. The Aloes of the World Project aims ultimately to compile as much information as is possible to facilitate internet-based scholarly research on the genus. The process and subsequent outcomes of the Pretoria workshop are discussed. Delegates acknowledged that an interim compromise may be achieved initially, where a minimum of essential elements are hosted on the Aluka (African Plants Initiative) website, with later upgrading of the information base in line with ongoing development of Aluka. Zusammenfassung: Im November 2007 traf sich eine Gruppe von etwa 40 internationalen Spezialisten der Gattung Aloe L. in Südafrika zu einem Workshop, um einen Konsens über erreichbare Schlüsselziele für das Aloe of the World- Projekt (AWP) zu erreichen. Es handelte sich um die erste Veranstaltung in dieser Art, welche sich in diesem Umfang auf die Gattung bezog. Das Aloe of the World-Projekt hat das Endziel, soviele Informationen wie möglich zusammenzutragen, um Internet-basierte wissenschaftliche Forsch - ung zur Gattung zu erleichtern. Das Vorgehen und die Resultate des Workshops in Pretoria werden diskutiert. Die Delegierten akzeptierten ein vorläufiges Vorgehen, das die Aufnahme eines minimalen Sets an unverzichtbaren Daten auf der Webseite von Aluka (African Plant Initiative) vorsieht. Diese Informationsbasis soll später im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung von Aluka komplettiert werden. Introduction The genus Aloe L. has an exclusively Old World distribution with significant present-day centres of high diversity in South Africa, eastern Africa, Saudi Arabia and Madagascar. In the region of 550 taxa are generally recognised as valid. Between 19 and 22 November 2007, a group of about 40 Aloe experts (Figure 1) from 12 different countries met at the National Herbarium of the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in Pretoria for a workshop to determine scholarly needs in relation to ongoing research on aloes, and how this could be facilitated through the internet-based Aloes of the World Project (AWP). The main objective of the meeting was to secure broad international support for the compilation and dissemination of a comprehensive electronic facility that pulls together all relevant information and available images of this predominantly African genus on a global scale, and in a user-friendly information base. This web-based facility is intended to serve the needs of a broad range of scholarly stakeholders, as part of the African Plants Initiative (API). It was the intention of the workshop that both the process of the AWP establishment, and the ultimate value of the dynamic product, will strengthen a collaborating Bradleya 26/
2 network of established and emerging experts to ensure a bright future for research on Aloe. In 2006, the Aloes of the World Project was proposed as a component of the API, which is itself a facet of the internet data repository Aluka. Aluka is an international, collaborative initiative building an online digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa ( After provision of initial funding by the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the process of compiling background documentation for consideration by the delegates was initiated: over a six-month period leading up to the November 2007 meeting, dozens of electronic pages were mailed to participants as the contents of the project were debated and refined. Specialists from as far afield as the USA, South Africa, UK, Norway and Saudi Arabia agreed to participate in the project, bringing to it an abundance of enthusiasm and goodwill. It was not the intention of the Workshop to establish a consensus classification of Aloe. As taxonomy is a branch of botanical science that benefits from the carefully considered, if at times Figure 1. Group photograph of the delegates who attended the Aloes of the World Project Workshop in November Front row ( ltr) : Rina Marais (SANBI, Pretoria), Gideon Smith (SANBI, Pretoria), Sean Gildenhuys (Gariep Plants, Pretoria), Michele Walters (SANBI, Pretoria), Ronell Klopper (SANBI, Pretoria). 2nd row, left side: Susan Carter-Holmes (Kew), John Lavranos (Portugal), Tom McCoy (Saudi Arabia). 3rd row, left side: Kotie Retief (Gariep Plants, Pretoria), Mike Kimberly (Editor Excelsa, Zimbabwe), Olwen Grace (Kew). 4th row, left side: Neil Crouch (SANBI, Durban), Rosemary Kimberly (Zimbabwe), Leo Thamm (Johannesburg). 5th row, left side: Willem Jankowitz (Namibia), Alvaro Viljoen (Pretoria), Pieter Winter (SANBI, Pretoria). 6th row, left side: John Miller (IAS, California), Brian Kemble (IAS, California), Mike Kamstra (McGregor, W. Cape).7th row, left side: Christo Botes (Pietermaritzburg, KZN), Stefan Siebert (Potchefstroom, Northwest Prov.), Erich van Wyk (SANBI, Pretoria). 2nd row, right side: Quinton Bean (Johannesburg), Jason Sampson (Johannesburg), Inger Nordal (Norway). 3rd row, right side: Andy de Wet (Johannesburg), Alexandre Viossat (Flore Bizarre, Port Edward, KZN), Subhra Bhattacharya (Aluka), Ernst van Jaarsveld (SANBI, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden). 4th row, right side: Eric Judd (Cape Town), Giuseppe Orlando (Canary Islands, Spain), Charlotte Bjora (Norway), Gladys Msekandiana (Malawi). 5th row, right side: Colin Walker (Editor, Bradleya, U.K.), Stewart Lane (Malawi), Len Newton (Kenya). 6th row, right side: Fikre Dessalegn (Ethiopia). Absent: Andrew Hankey (SANBI, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden), Emily Wabuyek (Kenya). 122 Bradleya 26/2008
3 somewhat subjective analysis of results obtained by individual researchers, a degree of personal interpretation is inherent. Some level of classificatory controversy is therefore more than likely to remain as the delimitation of species is debated. This is not taken to be negative as it serves to focus attention on those taxa that can be interpreted at different ranks in a taxonomic hierarchy well exampled within sections Pictae (maculate group) and Latebracteatae (cryptopoda group) of Aloe. With a reconciliatory approach to interpreting aloes and Aloe taxonomy, delegates drew upon personal experience and knowledge and focussed on the consolidation of relevant information on this, a flagship African genus. The November 2007 workshop of experts that convened in Pretoria to establish a solid base from which the AWP could be launched, represented a world first. Symposia dealing with single genera are not unusual. Such events are, however, less common for non-commercial crops and even less so if the groups do not include a majority of economically important species. The AWP workshop was the first event of its kind to deal exclusively with Aloe. Workshop aims The main aims of the Workshop were to: Determine which characters, as part of a comprehensive taxonomic description template, best describe species of Aloe. Decide on those characters that represent the minimum required to adequately describe a taxon. Discuss those diagnostic characters and their states that would enable the identification of aloes across their geographical distribution range. Introduce delegates to the concept of electronic identification keys. Determine which characters should be included in an electronic Aloe identification key. Determine the boundaries of meaningful in-country political, or other, units according to which aloe distributions can be reflected graphically. Introduce delegates to the Aluka website as a repository for botanical information. Determine what information could be hosted by the Aluka website. Determine what information is compatible with the current Aluka user interface and what possible additions to the user interface can be accommodated by Aluka. Create a positive atmosphere in which young experts and established scientists can be absor bed into an information generating network. Obtain commitment from the expert group on contributing information, distribution maps and images to the Project. To decide on a time frame for the execution of the project. Outcomes A sub-group developed abbreviated (Box 1) and comprehensive (Box 2) templates for appropriate taxonomic descriptions of Aloe taxa. The need for online glossaries was identified and these were subsequently identified (Box 3). Delegates were introduced to the concept and workings of interactive electronic identification keys, and subsequently decided upon those diagnostic characters and their states that would enable the identification of all aloes across their geographical distribution range. This group decision informs the current compilation of the electronic key. Delegates volunteered to submit, according to their individual expertise, the boundaries of meaningful in-country political, or other, units according to which Aloe geographical distribution ranges can be reflected graphically. Delegates were introduced to the Aluka website as a repository for botanical information and given a real-time demonstration of its functionality. Through discussions, delegates decided on content they would like to see hosted by Aluka. The minimum requirements (Box 4) for a user interface as well as an ultimate (Box 5) user interface were drawn up. Aluka was tasked with investigating what content would be compatible with the current Aluka user interface, and what possible additions to the user interface could be accommodated in future. Each delegate tentatively indicated their individual contributions with respect to information, distribution maps and images. It was agreed that once final description templates and sample descriptions had been produced, delegates would be able to formalise their commitments. The need for an abbreviated historical account of the genus Aloe as a whole was identified, which is to be included in the AWP. An initial project time-frame was compiled Bradleya 26/
4 (Table 1). A more concrete work plan for the execution of the project is envisaged for the near future, once delegates have formalised their commitments. A decision was made to launch a monthly newsletter to keep contributors up-to-date with progress, requests for help, issues to be discussed, etc. The workshop succeeded, given the positive nature of interactions, to create an information-generating network consisting of both young experts, and established scientists. Box 1. Final abbreviated Aloe description template. Growth habit Plant height, excluding inflorescence Caulescent or acaulescent If acaulescent: plant solitary or suckering If caulescent: arborescent (with main stem or trunk) or shrubby (many branches from base) If arborescent: stem single or branched Stem orientation (e.g. erect, ascending, decumbent, pendulous) Dried leaves persistent on stems, or shed Leaves Condensed rosulate or cauline dispersed (i.e. more widely spaced along stem) Orientation (e.g. erect, spreading) Markings (spots, lines), if present Surface texture (i.e. smooth or rough) Shape Length and width at base Sheath (if visible): length, colour and fibrousness Marginal teeth: colour and size, if teeth present Teeth spacing at midpoint of blade Exudate colour: fresh and dried Inflorescence Overall length Orientation Simple or branched If branched: number of branches Secondary branching, if present Raceme (rarely a spike) Shape (e.g. cylindrical, conical, capitate or with secund flowers) Length (terminal and laterals; mention if terminal raceme is longest) Densely or laxly flowered (do not use sub-dense or sub-lax) Floral bracts Dimensions: length and width at base Pedicels Length when flowers open Flowers: Perianth (s) of open flowers and buds, if different Length Diameter across ovary Shape (e.g. cylindrical, clavate, trigonous) Fusion of segments Stamens Included or exserted (length) Style Included or exserted (length) Fruit Capsule or berry Shape and colour 124 Bradleya 26/2008
5 Box 2. Final comprehensive Aloe description template. Growth habit Plant height, excluding inflorescence Rosette diameter and orientation Stem Caulescent or acaulescent If acaulescent: plant solitary or suckering If caulescent: arborescent (with main stem or trunk) or shrubby (many branches from base) If arborescent: stem single or branched (from where) Stem diameter (middle: ground to below rosette) Stem orientation (e.g. erect, ascending, decumbent, pendulous) Dried leaves persistent on stems, or shed Leaves Condensed rosulate or cauline dispersed (i.e. more widely spaced along stem) Orientation (e.g. erect, spreading) (both surfaces, including significant seasonal and other changes and differences) Markings (spots, lines): presence, arrangement (both surfaces, juvenile & adult if different) Surface texture (i.e. smooth or rough) Surface spines: arrangement (i.e. in median line, dispersed) and colour Shape Length and width at base Sheath (if visible): markings, colour, length and fibrousness Margin colour Marginal teeth: colour, orientation and size, if teeth present Teeth spacing at midpoint of blade Exudate colour: fresh and dried Inflorescence Number of inflorescences per rosette (sequence) Overall length Orientation Simple or branched If branched: number of branches Branches arising above / at / below middle of peduncle Orientation of branches (i.e. erect, spreading) Secondary branching, if present Peduncle Length and width at base Shape (i.e. slender, stout) Sterile bracts: number, colour, venation, shape, dimensions and consistency (e.g. papery) Raceme (rarely a spike) Shape (e.g. cylindrical, conical, capitate or with secund flowers) Length (terminal and laterals; mention if terminal raceme is longest) Width Orientation Densely or laxly flowered (number of flowers in 5 cm) Flower and bud disposition Floral bracts Shape Dimensions: length and width at base Consistency (e.g. papery) Nerves and other markings Continued on next page Bradleya 26/
6 Box 2 cont. Pedicels Length when flowers open Flowers: Perianth (s) of open flowers and buds, if different Markings (if important) Length Diameter across ovary Shape (e.g. cylindrical, clavate, trigonous) Fusion of segments Shape of segment tips (e.g. recurved) Stamens Filaments: shape and colour Included or exserted (length) Pistil / gynaecium Ovary: size and colour Style colour Style included or exserted (length) Fruit Capsule or berry Shape and colour Dimensions Seed Wings: presence, shape and colour Shape and dimensions Chromosome number Box 3. Glossaries to be used while compiling descriptions. The following e-glossaries have been identified as good sources, with illustrations of some characters: 1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Glossary 2. Flora of Australia Online Glossary For contributors who do not have access to the internet, the glossaries published in the following publications may be used: 1. Beentje, H. & Cheek, M. (2003). Glossary, In: H. Beentje & S.A. Ghazanfar (eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2. Lawrence, G.H.M. (1951). Taxonomy of vascular plants. MacMillan, New York. (Glossary: pp ). Box 4. Minimum requirements for a user interface and website layout for the Aloe component of the API. Underlined headings are tabs on the website, and given in bold are characteristics or information not supported presently by the Aluka website s user interface. Main species 1. Accepted scientific name and author citation 2. Synonyms 3. Protologue reference 4. Description 5. Flowering time Specimens 6. Location of type specimens Visuals 7. Images plant in habitat and/or cultivation, plant in flower, close-up of flower sequence Flora 8. Other published accounts; excluding protologue Ecology 9. Geographical Distribution Range (text and maps) 10. Habitat Bibliography 126 Bradleya 26/2008
7 Box 5. User interface to the ideal Aloe information set as envisaged by delegates. Underlined headings are tabs on the Aluka website and given in bold are characteristics or information not currently supported by the Aluka website s user interface. Main species tab 1. Accepted scientific name and author citation 2. Synonyms 3. Taxonomic history 4. Common names 5. Protologue reference 6. Type locality 7. Derivation of the name 8. Description 9. Flowering time 10. Close relationships (literature references or pers. obs.) 11. Icones 12. Chromosome number (literature references) Specimens 13. Location of type specimens Visuals 14. Images plant in habitat and/or cultivation, plant in flower, close-up of flower sequence 15. Known pollinators (visuals) 16. Natural hybrids Use 17. Uses traditional, medicinal etc. 18. Commercial uses 19. Horticultural information cultivation and propagation Flora 20. Published accounts other than protologue 21. Inclusion in surveys chemical, molecular Ecology 22. Geographical Distribution Range (text and map) 23. Notes on natural history (text) 24. Known pollinators (text, link to visuals) 25. Habitat 26. Major vegetation type 27. Conservation status 28. Climate 29. Grazing 30. Fire ecology 31. Sympatric Aloe species 32. Sympatric non-aloe indicator species 33. Natural hybrids (link to visuals) Description (possibly as a separate tab) 34. General cytology (literature references) 35. Chemical properties (text and chemical profiles/ list of constituents) 36. Molecular information (possibly under literature references) 37. Micro-morphology (link to visuals) Bibliography The future The workshop purposefully included young Aloe scientists in the project. The constructive atmosphere evident during the proceedings made the young experts feel part of the process and enabled them to forge working relationships with more established scientists. The project hopes to sustain interest among young scientists and thus support a vibrant scientific Aloe research community well into the future. Bradleya 26/
8 Table 1. Initial time-frame for the execution of the Aloes of the World Project. Task Due date Champion Status 1 Administrative finalisation of workshop 29 Nov 2007 Marais, Smith, Walters complete 2 Fields & tabs list to Aluka 29 Nov 2007 Walters, Klopper complete 3 Investigation of electronic glossaries 30 Nov 2007 Winter, Walters complete 4 Finalise report 24 Dec 2007 Marais, Walters, Smith complete 5 Finalise political boundaries of countries 31 Dec 2007 As designated in progress 6 Circulate final draft of comprehensive 31 Jan 2008 Klopper, Walters, Smith, complete description and character list Newton (convenor), Carter Lavranos, McCoy, Winter, 7 Circulate abbreviated description and 31 Jan 2008 Klopper, Walters, Smith, complete character list Newton (convenor), Carter Lavranos, McCoy, Winter, 8 Technical report (in Bradleya) April 2008 Smith, Walters, Klopper, complete Crouch 9 Timely feedback to Aluka on new content May 2008 Walters, Smith future 10 Feedback regarding content compatibility June 2008 Bhattacharya future with and additions to the Aluka website 11 Feedback to Aluka, recast timeframe, June 2008 Smith, Klopper, Walters, future project plan (how long, how much) Demissew 12 Feedback from Aluka June 2008 Bhattacharya future 13 Finalisation of diagnostic characters June 2008 Klopper future and their states for use in the electronic key 14 First content sent to Aluka Sept 2008 SANBI future 15 Abbreviated historical information on Aloe Nov 2009 Walker future 16 Project finalised Nov 2010 Smith, Klopper future With delegates now collaborating in a networked initiative to create the ultimate Aloe data set, the future looks bright to establish a facility through which scholarly information on the genus can be made widely available. A framework is being established to enable the compilation of information on Aloe by experts holding data sets that span the entire subject spectrum. These delegates can offer the internet data repository, Aluka, the following: Significantly enhanced in-depth content and information on a flagship African plant group. The emergent product could serve as a template for selected taxa in Aluka s newly launched Latin American Plants Initiative (LAPI), or further African (API) subjects. Services in terms of quality control and verification of information, and submitting data to Aluka through existing channels. Expertise is held by actively researching, motivated specialists with unsurpassed, hands-on field experience, covering all aspects of the genus. This augers well for high quality data curation of the online AWP. The Aloes of the World Project is not intended as an ephemeral event. With commitment from the global aloe fraternity, this collective effort stands every chance of leading in a new chapter of aloeology. Given the available power of the global electronic ether, it will be used increasingly to make information on aloes, and any plant group for that matter, much more accessible. Acknowledgements Financial support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, New York, to the African Plants Initiative is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to the South African National Biodiversity Institute and the Norwegian Universities Program for North-South Collaboration (NUFU) for financial support for the AWP. A word of thanks is also due to the Succulent Society of South Africa, British Cactus and Succulent Society, Aloe ferox Trust and Delfini Solutions (Pty) Ltd., all of which provided publications and products to the delegates. 128 Bradleya 26/2008
Creating an e-flora for South Africa
SANBI POLICY DOCUMENT DIVISION: Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity Collections EFFECTIVE DATE: 1 April 2014 Compiler: Marianne le Roux & Janine Victor POLICY NUMBER: LAST AMENDED: Creating an e-flora
More informationAn adaptation of Reyneke s key to the genus Eucomis
An adaptation of Reyneke s key to the genus Eucomis Neil R. Crouch Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road, 4007 South Africa / School of Chemistry,
More informationAloe pulcherrima a beautiful Ethiopian endemic
Aloe pulcherrima a beautiful Ethiopian endemic Colin C Walker Aloe pulcherrima is a large-growing, cliff-dwelling species from high altitudes in Ethiopia with a unique stem branching pattern. It is described
More informationMotivation for project:
Motivation for project: Shale Gas exploration and development requested of government by Oil Companies. Shale Gas Development Strategic Environment Assessment (SGD SEA) commissioned by DEA Biodiversity
More informationclimate famous data sharing toolbox in
This is the story of what was done, and some lessons learnt as we bumped along on a very rough road. In the process of our work in mapping vegetation, modelling to investigate the possible impacts of climate
More informationGROWING WITH LESS WATER
GROWING WITH LESS WATER Succulents in San Diego Botanic Garden 1 What is in a name? Water Thrifty Water Wise Low Water Drought Resistant Xeriscape not Zeroscape 2 7 Principles of Xeriscaping Reduce water
More informationAcer pseudosieboldianum x palmatum 'IslAJ' Arctic Jade -- Minnesota
Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Acer pseudosieboldianum x palmatum 'IslAJ' Arctic Jade -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 2 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence:
More informationBriefing. H.E. Mr. Gyan Chandra Acharya
Briefing by H.E. Mr. Gyan Chandra Acharya Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States Briefing
More informationRHS Libraries. A guide for researchers. RHS Libraries. rhs.org.uk/libraries
A guide for researchers Lindley Library 020 7821 3050 library.london@rhs.org.uk Wisley Library 01483 212428 library.wisley@rhs.org.uk Harlow Carr Library 01423 724 686 library.harlowcarr@rhs.org.uk rhs.org.uk/libraries
More informationMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CARPATHIAN INTEGRATED BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION SYSTEM
MEMORUM OF UNDERSTING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CARPATHIAN INTEGRATED BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION SYSTEM BETWEEN DAPHNE - INSTITUTE OF APPLIED ECOLOGY (hereinafter referred to DAPHNE) EUROPEAN ACADEMY BOLZANO
More informationSBEL 1532 HORTICULTURE AND NURSERY Lecture 2: Plants Classification & Taxonomy. Dr.Hamidah Ahmad
SBEL 1532 HORTICULTURE AND NURSERY Lecture 2: Plants Classification & Taxonomy Dr.Hamidah Ahmad Plant Classifications is based on : Purpose of classifying plants: 1. botanical type 2. values or geographical
More informationKodo millet (Paspalum scorbiculatum L.)
Kodo millet (Paspalum scorbiculatum L.) I Subject: These test guidelines apply to all the varieties, hybrids and parental lines of Kodo millet (Paspalum scorbiculatum L.) II Material required: 1. The Protection
More informationthe map Redrawing Donald Hobern takes a look at the challenges of managing biodiversity data [ Feature ]
Redrawing the map Donald Hobern takes a look at the challenges of managing biodiversity data 46 Volume 12 > Number 9 > 2008 www.asiabiotech.com Cicadetta sp., Canberra, Australia, December 2007 Photograph
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 18 July 2016 Original: English Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management Sixth session New York, 3-5 August 2016 Item 2
More informationFIELD IDENTIFICATION CARDS FOR INVASIVE NON-NATIVE PLANT SPECIES KNOWN TO THREATEN ARIZONA WILDLANDS.
FIELD IDENTIFICATION CARDS FOR INVASIVE NON-NATIVE PLANT SPECIES KNOWN TO THREATEN ARIZONA WILDLANDS. PACKET CONTAINS INFORMATION ON 74 INVASIVE NON-NATIVE PLANTS INCLUDING: morphologic descriptions photos
More informationEconomic and Social Council 2 July 2015
ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION UNITED NATIONS E/C.20/2015/11/Add.1 Economic and Social Council 2 July 2015 Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management Fifth session New York, 5-7 August
More information8 th Arctic Regional Hydrographic Commission Meeting September 2018, Longyearbyen, Svalbard Norway
8 th Arctic Regional Hydrographic Commission Meeting 11-13 September 2018, Longyearbyen, Svalbard Norway Status Report of the Arctic Regional Marine Spatial Data Infrastructures Working Group (ARMSDIWG)
More informationPART A Project summary
PART A Project summary A.1 Project identification Project title Project acronym Name of the lead partner organisation in English Specific objective Demonstrattion AF DAF Partner 1.1. Improving innovation
More informationCURRICULUM VITAE. 12 August 12 September, 1996: International course on "Hazardous Waste Management", Nykoping, Sweden.
CURRICULUM VITAE Biodata: NAME: Ntsamaeeng Annah Moteetee (nee Lemena) DATE OF BIRTH: 12 th November, 1964 NATIONALITY: Lesotho MARITAL STATUS: Married Degrees Held: B.Sc. (Biology/Chemistry): NATIONAL
More informationUnderstanding Plant Nomenclature, Terminology and Identification
Unit 25 Unit code: QCF Level 2: Understanding Plant Nomenclature, Terminology and Identification M/600/2663 BTEC Specialist Credit value: 5 Guided learning hours: 38 Unit aim The aim of this unit is to
More informationGENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS. Session 7. Breakout discussion. discuss on regional and interregional. proposals 1. COLLABORATION BETWEEN PROGRAMMES
Session 7 24 July 2016, 9.00-11.00 Breakout discussion on regional and interregional joint project proposals Mr Shahbaz Khan summarized the two days of presentations and exchanges and requested the participants
More informationThe chemotaxonomic value of the diglucoside anthrone homonataloside B in the genus Aloe
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 30 (2002) 35 43 The chemotaxonomic value of the diglucoside anthrone homonataloside B in the genus Aloe Alvaro M. Viljoen a, *, Ben-Erik Van Wyk a, Fanie R. Van Heerden
More informationDRAFT CONCEPT NOTE. WDR 2008: Agriculture for Development WDR 2007: Development and the Next Generation WDR 2006: Equity and Development
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT, WDR 2009 RESHAPING ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY CONSULTATION - MENA REGION MAY 5-6, 2008 DRAFT CONCEPT NOTE The World Bank publishes each year a World Development Report (WDR) focusing
More informationCurrent status of operations of SWIOCOF. François BONNARDOT Head of Climate Division Météo-France, Direction Interrégionale pour l Océan Indien
Current status of operations of SWIOCOF François BONNARDOT Head of Climate Division Météo-France, Direction Interrégionale pour l Océan Indien WMO International Workshop on Global Review of Regional Climate
More information[NEACOF] Status Report (Survey)
[NEACOF] Status Report (Survey) Annotated Outline Specific Climate features of concerned region In North Eurasian region, wintertime temperature is mainly a result from interplay of advection of the warm
More information世界在线植物志 (World Flora Online) 项目介绍
Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 世界在线植物志 (World Flora Online) 项目介绍 覃海宁 中国科学院植物研究所 Email: hainingqin@ibcas.ac.cn Website: www.cvh.org.cn #gppc Global Strategy for Plant Conservation A programme of
More informationRCOF Review [Regional Climate Outlook Forum for the Gulf of Guinea region of Africa - PRESAGG] Status Report
RCOF Review 2017 [Regional Climate Outlook Forum for the Gulf of Guinea region of Africa - PRESAGG] Status Report Specific Climate features of concerned region This region typically covers the area below
More informationPROTOCOL FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY TESTS
PROTOCOL FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY TESTS Gaura L. GAURA UPOV Species Code: GAURA Adopted on 21/03/2012 Entry into force on 21/03/2012 1 I SUBJECT OF THE PROTOCOL The protocol describes
More informationFAO s LAND COVER AND LAND USE ACTIVITIES - UPDATE OCTOBER
FAO s LAND COVER AND LAND USE ACTIVITIES - UPDATE OCTOBER 1997 - Background There is an increasing need to be able to precisely describe and classify land cover and land uses in order to define sustainable
More informationIssues in bryophyte conservation and research
Issues in bryophyte conservation and research Paula Warren Head Office Wellington Craig Miller West Coast Conservancy Hokitika Published by Head Office, PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand This report
More informationDevelopments with the National Vegetation Map, Database and National Ecosystem Classification System
Developments with the National Vegetation Map, Database and National Ecosystem Classification System Les W. Powrie Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag
More informationManufacture of preserved plant specimens
Manufacture of preserved plant specimens Type of preserved plant specimens 1. Dry curing Dry curing, the plants preserved in the herbarium. 2. Wet curing Wet mounted, both for animals and plants are usually
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 2 July 2012 E/C.20/2012/10/Add.1 Original: English Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management Second session New York, 13-15
More informationPlant Growth and Development Part I. Levels of Organization
Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules 1
More informationBIOLOGY 366 PLANT SYSTEMATICS FINAL EXAM 100 POINTS
BIOLOGY 366 PLANT SYSTEMATICS FINAL EXAM 100 POINTS SECTION 1 (Short answer; 35 points total): Read the questions carefully. Be as precise as possible in your answers. 1. What is a pseudanthium? Give two
More informationBambusa lako Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, DR and CA Gantz 2008 Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening new plants
More informationPress Release: First WMO Workshop on Operational Climate Prediction
Press Release: First WMO Workshop on Operational Climate Prediction a) b) c) d) Photographs during the first WMO Workshop on Operational Climate Prediction: a) Group Photograph, b) Dr M. Rajeevan, Director,
More informationCLASS XI BIOLOGY NOTES CHAPTER 1: LIVING WORLD
CLASS XI BIOLOGY NOTES CHAPTER 1: LIVING WORLD Biology is the science of life forms and non-living processes. The living world comprises an amazing diversity of living organisms. In order to facilitate
More informationMalvaviscus penduliflorus (mazapan) Has the species become naturalised where grown? y
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in
More informationUrban Spatial Scenario Design Modelling (USSDM) in Dar es Salaam: Background Information
Urban Spatial Scenario Design Modelling (USSDM) in Dar es Salaam: Background Information Modelling urban settlement dynamics in Dar es Salaam Revision: 2 (July 2013) Prepared by: Katja Buchta TUM team
More informationLilium szovitsianum -- Illinois
Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Lilium szovitsianum -- Illinois 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 6 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 49 / 100 Questions answered: 20 of
More informationCarissa bispinosa (hedgethorn)
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in
More informationThis book focuses mostly on Proteas, but also considers some of the other Proteaceae genera that are more widely cultivated.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE PROTEA FAMILY There are around 1700 species and 79 genera of plants in the Proteaceae (Protea) family, and most are indigenous to the southern hemisphere. Around half of these
More informationWorking Group on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants November 2011
Working Group on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants November 2011 Highly discriminating descriptors in this descriptor list are marked with an asterisk [ ]. Characterization should preferably be done during
More informationSouth Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF-6)
Sixth Session of South Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF-6) Dhaka, Bangladesh, 19-22 April 2015 Consensus Statement Summary Below normal rainfall is most likely during the 2015 southwest monsoon season
More informationLevels of Organization
Plant Growth and Development Part I Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Levels of Organization Whole Plant Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecules Plant
More informationFlorida Native Landscaping
Florida Native Landscaping ORH 3815/5815C Lecture 1 How to Identify Plants Lecture Outline I. The Plant Kingdom II. III. IV. Binomial Nomenclature Floral formula technique Flower terminology V. Leaf terminology
More informationPassiflora coriacea (bat-leafed passion flower)
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in
More informationViburnum lantana 'Mohican' -- Minnesota
Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Viburnum lantana 'Mohican' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 10 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 70 / 100 Questions answered:
More informationIII Conduct of tests:
Barnyard millet (Echinocloa frumentaceae (Roxb.) Link) I Subject: These test guidelines apply to all the varieties, hybrids and parental lines of Barnyard millet (Echinocloa frumentaceae (Roxb.) Link)
More informationThe Global Statistical Geospatial Framework and the Global Fundamental Geospatial Themes
The Global Statistical Geospatial Framework and the Global Fundamental Geospatial Themes Sub-regional workshop on integration of administrative data, big data and geospatial information for the compilation
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations E/CN.3/2019/31 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 19 December 2018 Original: English Statistical Commission Fiftieth session 5-8 March 2019 Item 4(i) of the provisional agenda*
More informationProviders of Weather, Climate and Water Information
Providers of Weather, Climate and Water Information Mnikeli Ndabambi World Meteorological Organization Task Force on Social and Economic Applications of Public Weather Services Geneva, 15-18 May 2006 Introductory
More informationHOSTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: GUIDELINES,
HOSTING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY: GUIDELINES, WITH SOME REQUIREMENTS 15 March 2016 About this Document This document provides the information needed by those who wish to
More informationCAPE FARM MAPPER - an integrated spatial portal
CAPE FARM MAPPER - an integrated spatial portal Skukuza Dr Mike Wallace June 2017 Overview of GIS applications in WCDoA Spatial information and technology has become indispensable across a wide range of
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 23 May 2012 Original: English E/CONF.101/100 Tenth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names New York, 31 July 9
More informationSpatial Data Availability Energizes Florida s Citizens
NASCIO 2016 Recognition Awards Nomination Spatial Data Availability Energizes Florida s Citizens State of Florida Agency for State Technology & Department of Environmental Protection Category: ICT Innovations
More informationVEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Stems, roots, and leaves are the vegetative parts of vascular plants. Stems are the basic organs, as they give rise to other plant organs, such as roots, leaves,
More informationDianthus imereticus Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R. and C.A. Gantz. 2008. Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening
More informationComplementary Ex Situ Conservation. Nigel Maxted
Complementary Ex Situ Conservation Nigel Maxted SADC Crop Wild Relatives Regional training workshop In situ conservation of CWR including diversity assessment techniques Le Meridien Ile Maurice, Mauritius
More information[Mediterranean Climate Outlook Forum] Status Report (Survey)
[Mediterranean Climate Outlook Forum] Status Report (Survey) Annotated Outline Specific Climate features of concerned region The salient features of the seasonal climate of the region (rainy season, dry
More information1. PURPOSE 2. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE
Statement of Work Herbarium Voucher Collection Land Management Section, Environmental Security Department Marine Corps Installations West Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California 1. PURPOSE The purpose
More informationTecoma guarume Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R. and C.A. Gantz. 2008. Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening
More informationBrian D. George. GIMS Specialist Ohio Coastal Atlas Project Coordinator and Cartographer. Impacts and Outcomes of Mature Coastal Web Atlases
Ohio Coastal Atlas Project Brian D. George GIMS Specialist Ohio Coastal Atlas Project Coordinator and Cartographer Ohio Department of Natural Resources Office of Coastal Management Sandusky, OH Impacts
More informationLeymus arenarius 'Blue Dune' -- Minnesota
Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Leymus arenarius 'Blue Dune' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 17 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 77 / 100 Questions answered:
More informationProceedings of Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) Research Symposium on University Museums: Forming a University Museum Collection
Proceedings of Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) Research Symposium on University Museums: Forming a University Museum Collection Network as the Core of Frontier Research O-10 The Beaty Biodiversity
More informationThe purpose of this report is to recommend a Geographic Information System (GIS) Strategy for the Town of Richmond Hill.
Staff Report for Committee of the Whole Meeting Department: Division: Subject: Office of the Chief Administrative Officer Strategic Initiatives SRCAO.18.12 GIS Strategy Purpose: The purpose of this report
More informationWMO Global Data-Processing and Forecasting System Operational weather forecast product delivery relevant to SDSWS
WMO Global Data-Processing and Forecasting System Operational weather forecast product delivery relevant to SDSWS Peter Chen World Weather Watch Department, WMO WMO/GEO Expert Meeting for an International
More informationUNESCO Earth Science Education Initiative in Africa Initial Activities
UNESCO Earth Science Education Initiative in Africa Initial Activities S. Felix Toteu 1 and Sarah Gaines 2 1 UNESCO Nairobi Office, Kenya 2 UNESCO Headquarters, Paris In Arusha, Tanzania on 8 May 2008
More informationThe Atlas of Living Australia
The Atlas of Living Australia The ALA is a national collaborative research infrastructure supported by the Australian Government. It is led by CSIRO in partnership with the Australian biological community.
More informationSECTION D Monitoring plan as required in Annex VII of Directive 2001/18/EC
SECTION D Monitoring plan as required in Annex VII of Directive 2001/18/EC Type of monitoring plan The monitoring plan described in the submission is based on general surveillance. We believe this is a
More informationKyoto and Carbon Initiative - the Ramsar / Wetlands International perspective
Kyoto and Carbon Initiative - the Ramsar / Wetlands International perspective (the thoughts of Max Finlayson, as interpreted by John Lowry) Broad Requirements Guideline(s) for delineating wetlands (specifically,
More information2018/1 The integration of statistical and geospatial information. The Regional Committee of UN-GGIM: Americas:
The following are the conclusions and recommendations of the Regional Committee of the United Nations on Global Geospatial Information Management for the Americas, during its Fifth Session, Thursday 8
More informationManagement Planning & Implementation of Communication Measures for Terrestrial Natura 2000 Sites in the Maltese Islands Epsilon-Adi Consortium
Management Planning & Implementation of Communication Measures for Terrestrial Natura 2000 Sites in the Maltese Islands Epsilon-Adi Consortium Briefing Meetings, February 2013 CT3101/2011, MEPA, Malta
More informationTwo new species in Hippotis (Rubiaceae) from Ecuador and Peru. Melissa Calderón University of Puerto Rico- Río Piedras Mentor: Charlotte M.
Two new species in Hippotis (Rubiaceae) from Ecuador and Peru Melissa Calderón University of Puerto Rico- Río Piedras Mentor: Charlotte M. Taylor Neotropics Large plant and ecosystem diversity. Hot and
More informationAllium sativum -- Texas
Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Allium sativum -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 7 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 81 / 100 Questions answered: 20 of 20 -- Valid
More informationSecond Year Annual Report - Botany
Darwin Initiative Project 17-022 Conservation of the Lowland Savannas of Belize Second Year Annual Report - Botany April 2010 March 2011 Zoë Goodwin Summary of Year 2 Activities...3 Project website launched
More informationEuropean Union Community Plant Variety Office
European Union Community Plant Variety Office PROTOCOL FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY TESTS Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners EUSTOMA (LISIANTHUS) UPOV Species Code: EUSTO_GRA Adopted on
More informationCMG GardenNotes #171 Identifying Trees and Shrubs
CMG GardenNotes #171 Identifying Trees and Shrubs Outline: I. Introduction II. Plant Identification Tools, page 1 a. Plant Identification Keys, page 2 III. Terminology, page 3 IV. Plant Identification
More informationKUNMING FORUM ON UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CITIES OF THE FUTURE: SMART, RESILIENT
KUNMING FORUM ON UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CITIES OF THE FUTURE: SMART, RESILIENT and SUSTAINABLE Yunnan Zhenzhuang Guest House, Kunming, China 10 12 May 2017 BACKGROUND CONCEPT
More informationAfrican requirements for SDI standardization Antony Cooper Operating Unit Fellow Built Environment CSIR PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
ISO/TC 211 workshop on spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) African requirements for SDI standardization Antony Cooper Operating Unit Fellow Built Environment CSIR PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nation E/C.20/2012/4/Add.1 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 2 July 2012 Original: English Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management Second session New York, 13-15
More informationGeosciences Data Digitize and Materialize, Standardization Based on Logical Inter- Domain Relationships GeoDMS
Geosciences Data Digitize and Materialize, Standardization Based on Logical Inter- Domain Relationships GeoDMS Somayeh Veiseh Iran, Corresponding author: Geological Survey of Iran, Azadi Sq, Meraj St,
More informationEBA Engineering Consultants Ltd. Creating and Delivering Better Solutions
EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd. Creating and Delivering Better Solutions ENHANCING THE CAPABILITY OF ECOSYSTEM MAPPING TO SUPPORT ADAPTIVE FOREST MANAGEMENT Prepared by: EBA ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS LTD.
More informationGEOSPATIAL ONLINE WEB-TOOLS CapeFarmMapper & CAMIS
GEOSPATIAL ONLINE WEB-TOOLS CapeFarmMapper & CAMIS F.C. Basson 14 March 2017 Overview Spatial information and technology has become more important and relevant Applications Mapping of Agricultural footprint
More informationVisitor Flows Model for Queensland a new approach
Visitor Flows Model for Queensland a new approach Jason. van Paassen 1, Mark. Olsen 2 1 Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 2 Tourism Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 1
More informationMDG FCPF Readiness Preparation Grant FCPFR - Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
Assignment: TF0A0104 MDG FCPF Readiness Preparation Grant FCPFR - Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Task Team Leader: 00000410917 Approving Manager: 00000086169 - Benjamin Garnaud - Benoit Bosquet Summary
More informationAn Internet-Based Integrated Resource Management System (IRMS)
An Internet-Based Integrated Resource Management System (IRMS) Third Quarter Report, Year II 4/1/2000 6/30/2000 Prepared for Missouri Department of Natural Resources Missouri Department of Conservation
More informationTHE IMPACT OF EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA ON SOUTHEAST ASIA
THE IMPACT OF EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA ON SOUTHEAST ASIA 21st-23rd February 2000 WORKSHOP SUMMARY Organized by the Indochina Global Change Network Funded by the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research
More informationWeeds Will Be With Us So, we need to develop weed management plans.
Weeds Will Be With Us So, we need to develop weed management plans. The First Step: Weed ID Its more than a name How do you correctly identify a weed? Compare to a photo Remember weeds can appear different
More informationLENTIBULARIACEAE BLADDERWORT FAMILY
LENTIBULARIACEAE BLADDERWORT FAMILY Barry Rice Center for Plant Diversity, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 Perennial and annual herbs, carnivorous,
More informationCURRENT CONCEPTS IN PLANT TAXONOMY
THE SYSTEMATICS ASSOCIATION SPECIAL VOLUME No. 25 CURRENT CONCEPTS IN PLANT TAXONOMY Edited by VM^THEYWOOD and D. M. MOORE v/ Department of Botany, University of Reading, England 1984 Published for the
More informationPAN AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Specialized Organization of the OAS
PAN AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Specialized Organization of the OAS 10 th UNRCC Americas United Nations, New York, 20 August 2013 PAIGH, SIRGAS, PC-IDEA and GeoSUR 2013-2015 Joint Action
More informationObjectives. To identify plant structures and functions. To describe the structure of plant cells. To explain the process of reproduction in plants.
1 Objectives To identify plant structures and functions. To describe the structure of plant cells. To explain the process of reproduction in plants. 2 Main Menu Plant Cell Biology Plant Structures Roots
More informationThe Living World. AIIMS,CBSE,AIPMT, AFMC,Bio.Tech & PMT, Contact : , Mail at :- by AKB
The Living World Very Short Answer Questions 1. What does ICBN stand for? A: International Code for Botanical Nomenclature. 2. What is flora? A: It is a publication containing actual account of habitat,
More informationCall for Applications
Call for Applications for a PanAfGeo Training «WP1 Geoscientific Mapping, part WP1E1 Remote Sensing» 20-30 November 2017, Bishoftu, Ethiopia in English 1. MAIN CONTEXT OF PANAFGEO PanAfGeo for Pan-African
More informationResolution 54/8 E/2011/28 E/CN.7/2011/15
Noting the report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2010 on precursors and chemicals frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, 31 in which
More informationGCOS Cooperation Mechanism
GCOS Cooperation Mechanism GCOS Cooperation Mechanism (GCM) The GCM was established to identify and make the most effective use of resources available for improving climate observing systems in developing
More information5. Collecting succulent plants for deposition in a herbarium. A preserved plant specimen is a dried and mounted or pickled voucher that is
5. Collecting succulent plants for deposition in a herbarium by M. Walters 5.1. What is a plant specimen? A preserved plant specimen is a dried and mounted or pickled voucher that is collections that are
More informationLocal Area Key Issues Paper No. 13: Southern Hinterland townships growth opportunities
Draft Sunshine Coast Planning Scheme Review of Submissions Local Area Key Issues Paper No. 13: Southern Hinterland townships growth opportunities Key Issue: Growth opportunities for Southern Hinterland
More information