LEARNING/TEACHING ACTIVITIES LEARNING/TEACHING RESOURCES 1 2

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3 For use with Biology Secondary Form Two Biology : Term One SUB- Introduction define the term transport. list substances transported in. link surface area to volume ratio of organisms to the transport system of the organisms. explain the necessity of transport in. Defining the term transport Listing substances transported in organisms Relating surface area to volume ratio of organisms to transport systems Large small cubes surface area to volume ratio of different cubes pages pages 3 WEEK 3 Structure of root root hairs draw the structure of the root root hair. relate the structure of the root hair to the functions. Discussing the structure of root root hairs Drawing the root root hair Relating the structure to the functions Chart of root root hairs pages 4 pages 3 4 Structure of root root hairs (practical lesson) observe prepared slides of roots root hairs. compare monocotyledonous dicotyledonous root sections. observe charts drawings of root sections. Observing comparing prepared slides of monocotyledonous dicotyledonous roots root hairs under a microscope Observing charts drawing of root section Microscopes Prepared slides of root sections root hairs Charts on root sections of monocotyledonous dicotyledonous roots pages 4 pages 3 WEEK Xylem vessels relate the structure of the xylem vessel to its function. Discussion on structure of the xylem vessel its function Photographs of xylem vessels Chart on xylem vessels pages 8 9 pages 3 6

4 For use with WEEK SUB- Tracheid elements Absorption of water mineral salts relate the structure of the tracheid elements to their functions. distinguish between xylem vessels tracheid elements. describe water salt uptake by roots from the soil. physiological processes involved in uptake of water mineral salts. Relate the structure of tracheids to their functions Distinguish between vessels tracheids Discussion on the structure of tracheid elements Explaining water absorption mineral salt uptake by roots in Discussion of water absorption uptake of mineral salts in Photographs of tracheids elements Chart on tracheids elements Chart on roots, root hairs sections of roots Photographs of roots root hairs pages 8 9 pages 3 pages 5 pages 3 Biology Form Term WEEK 3 Internal tissues of the stem Role of the leaf in transpiration draw the monocotyledonous dicotyledonous stem sections. relate the structure of xylem to its role in transpiration. draw the structure of leaf relate its parts to their functions. Discussion on the structure of xylem to its functions Drawing the stem sections Discussion on parts of a leaf how they relate to their functions Photographs of monocotyledonous dicotyledonous stem sections showing the xylem Chart on the stem sections Chart on the section of a leaf pages 6 7 pages 3 page 7 pages 3 7

5 For use with WEEK 3 SUB- Transport of water mineral salts in (practical lesson) demonstrate the movement of water in. observe prepared leaf sections to identify vascular tissues. Carrying out an experiment to demonstrate the movement of water in Observing prepared leaf section under a light microscope Identifying vascular tissues in leaves Coloured water Beaker Plant with flowers having white petals Clock Prepared leaf sections Microscopes page 4 pages 3 Biology Form Term Continuous assessment test By the end of the test, the learner should have answered all the questions asked. Learner to answer the given questions Teacher to supervise test Question paper Marking scheme WEEK 4 Movement of water in discuss the forces involved in movement of water in such as transpiration pull, cohesion adhesion capillarity root pressures. demonstrate the forces involved in movement of water in. Describing the forces involved in movement of water in Discussion on forces involved in movement of water in Carrying out experiments to show the forces involved Tubes of different diameters Beaker containing coloured water Fresh plant stump with fluid oozing pages pages 3 Factors affecting the rate of transpiration explain various factors affecting the rate for transpiration. Explaining various factors affecting the rate of transpiration Plant seedlings with few roots others with many roots pages 8 pages 3 8

6 For use with SUB- Rate of water loss in draw a potometer. describe the procedure of using a potometer to investigate the rate of water loss in. Discussion on how to use a potometer in investigating the rate of water loss Drawing a potometer Investigating water loss in using a potometer a potometer Improvised potometer Cobalt chloride paper Pins Clips pages 5 6 pages 8 Biology Form Term WEEK 6 WEEK 5 Importance of transpiration The phloem The phloem Function of phloem discuss the importance of transpiration in. draw the phloem relate its structure to its function. list down materials translocated in the phloem. draw the structure of the phloem. relate parts of the phloem to their functions. discuss the function of the phloem. list down materials translocated the sites of storage in the phloem. Discussion on the significance of transpiration in Drawing the phloem discussing the functions in relation to structure Listing down the materials translocated in Drawing the phloem Discussion on the function of the parts of the phloem Discussion on the functions of the phloem Listing down materials translocated storage sites in the phloem Wilted potted Potted growing normally Chart on the structure of the phloem Photographs of phloem Charts or drawings of the phloem structure Chart on structure of the phloem page pages 3 pages 4 pages 3 page pages 3 pages 4 pages 3 9

7 For use with WEEK 8 WEEK 7 WEEK 6 Continuous assessment test SUB- Function of the phloem (practical lesson) Introduction unicellular organisms Open circulatory system Closed circulatory system Topics covered so far set up an experiment to investigate translocation of food substances in a dicotyledonous plant. describe transport of substances in unicellular organisms. explain the necessity of an elaborate transport system in most. discuss the open circulating system. draw the open circulatory system of an insect. define closed transport system. distinguish between closed open circulatory system. answer all the given questions in the test. 30 Setting up an experiment to investigate translocation Discussion on the results of experiment Explaining transport in unicellular organisms Explaining the need of an elaborate transport system in most Discussing the open circulatory system of an insect Drawing labelling the open circulatory system Defining closed circulatory system Distinguishing it from open circulatory system Learner to answer questions Teacher to supervise the test Young plant Sharp knife Saplings Chart on amoeba showing movement of gases in out by diffusion the circulatory system of a coackroach Chart on closed circulatory system differences between open closed circulatory system Question paper Marking scheme page 4 pages 3 page pages 4 5 pages 4 pages 4 5 pages 3 pages 4 5 Biology Form Term

8 For use with WEEK 8 SUB- Double circulatory system draw the double circulatory system in mammals. dissect a rabbit observe its transport system. Discussing the double circulatory system Observing the transport system of a rabbit Drawing the double circulatory system of a mammal the circulatory system of a mammal Dissected rabbit displaying the circulatory system pages 4, 4 44 pages 4 5 Biology Form Term The mammalian heart draw the mammalian heart. relate the structure of the heart to its functions. Drawing the mammalian heart relating its structure to its function Discussing the structure of the mammalian heart the structure of the mammalian heart Model of heart pages 4 5 pages 4 5 WEEK 0 WEEK 9 Blood flow in the circulatory system of mammals Blood vessels Disease defects of the circulatory system trace the path taken by blood from the heart to the body parts back to the heart. explain the structure of arteries, veins capillaries. relate the structure of the arteries, veins capillaries to their functions. name the common diseases of circulatory system such as thrombosis, varicose veins arteriosclerosis. suggest methods of control/ prevention for the diseases. Discussing the blood flow in mammals Tracing the path taken by blood from the heart to all body parts back to the heart Explaining relating the structure to their functions Drawing the arteries, veins capillaries Making models of blood vessels Name the diseases of the circulatory system Suggest methods of control/prevention the path of blood flow in the circulatory system of a mammal Charts showing arteries, veins capillaries Models of blood vessels Different colours of plasticine Resource person such as a school nurse Photographs of people suffering from diseases of the circulatory system pages 5 6 pages 4 5 pages 9 3 pages 4 5 pages 3 33 pages 4 5 3

9 For use with WEEK WEEK SUB- The structure functions of the blood The structure functions of the blood Blood grouping blood transfusion Blood grouping blood transfusion list the components of blood. state the functions of each of the blood components. explain how oxygen carbon dioxide are transported in the blood. describe the mechanisms of blood clotting its importance. describe the human blood group system. state the importance of blood groups in blood transfusion. discuss the rhesus factor. state the role of the rhesus factor in blood transfusion. Listing components of blood Relating blood components to their functions Modelling red blood cells (RBC) Explaining how oxygen carbon dioxide are transported in blood Describing the blood clotting mechanism its importance Describing blood groups Stating the importance of human blood groups in blood transfusion Playing cards/ bottle tops in pairs Discussing the rhesus factor its role in blood transfusion Resource person, such as school nurse Model RBC using plasticine School nurse blood clotting mechanism Personnel such as school nurse blood groups possible transfusions Prepared cards/ bottle tops School nurse Blood transfusion personnel pages pages 4 5 pages pages 4 5 pages pages 4 5 pages pages 4 5 Biology Form Term 3 4 The structure of the heart (practical lesson) examine the external internal structure of a cow s heart. investigate pulse rate at the wrist. Examining a mammalian heart structure identifying various parts Working in pairs to examine pulse rate before after vigorous activities Fresh heart of a mammal such as a cow Dissecting kit H lens Stop watch pages pages 4 5 3

10 For use with SUB- Immune responses define immunity. describe immune responses. differentiate between natural artificial immunity. Defining immunity Describing immune responses Distinguishing between natural artificial immunity types of immunity pages 39 4 pages 4 5 Biology Form Term WEEK Vaccination describe importance of vaccination against diseases, such as tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough. Defining vaccination Describing the importance of vaccination Drawing the vaccination timetable vaccination timetable Personnel from post natal clinic pages 40 4 pages 4 5 Allergic reactions define allergic reactions explain their causes. carry out an experiment to demonstrate the unidirectional flow of blood in the cutaneous veins of the forearm. Defining allergic reactions explaining their causes Carrying out an experiment to demonstrate the unidirectional flow of blood along the veins School nurse Rubber bs Bages or hkerchiefs pages 4 4, 45 pages 4 5 WEEK 3 Revision/ End of term examination 33

11 For use with Biology Secondary Form Two Biology : Term Two SUB- Definition importance of gaseous exchange define gaseous exchange. explain the importance of gaseous organisms. Defining gaseous exchange Discussion on the importance of gaseous exchange Chart on the importance gaseous organisms page 48 pages 6 33 WEEK exchange in stomata draw label open closed stomata. explain stomatal gaseous exchange. Describing the parts of the stomata Drawing labeling of open closed stoma Discussion on stomatal gaseous exchange open closed stomata pages pages 6 33 Stomata (practical lesson) investigate the presence of stomata on leaves. investigate the shape of guard cells the distribution of stomata on leaves. Investigating presence of stomata on leaves in groups Investigating the shape of guard cells Discussion on the distribution of stomata on leaves of various Water in a beaker Leaves of various Means of heating Clear nail varnish Light microscope Cover slip Forceps Microscope slide Leaves of various page 54 pages 6 33 WEEK Mechanism of opening closing stomata describe photosynthetic/glucose accumulation theory of opening closing of stomata. Discussion on photosynthetic theory of opening closing of stomata open closed stomata pages pages

12 For use with WEEK SUB- Mechanism of opening closing of stomata Internal structure of stems leaves (practical lesson) describe inter-conversion of starch glucose ion accumulation theories. investigate the internal structure of stems leaf stalk in aerial aquatic. investigate tissue distribution in aerial leaves stem. Discussion on interconversion of starch glucose ion accumulation theories Investigation of the structure of stems leaf stalks in aerial aquatic open closed of stomata Microscope Prepared permanent slides of aerial leaves stems Water lily leaf stalk Bougainvillea twig Beaker containing water Scalpel page 50 pages 6 33 page 55 pages 6 33 Biology Form Term Cuticular lenticular gaseous exchange describe cuticular lenticular gaseous exchange. Discussion on lenticular gaseous exchange Discussion on cuticular gaseous exchange internal leaf structure lenticels page 5 pages 6 33 WEEK 3 exchange through the roots describe how gaseous exchange takes place through the epidermis of the roots. Discussion on gaseous exchange through the roots Photograph of pneumatophores breathing roots pages 5 54 pages 6 33 exchange structures examine various types of gaseous exchange structure relate them to their functions. Examining types of gaseous exchange structures in different organisms Tadpoles Insect (alive) Fish Frog Earthworm page 57 35

13 For use with SUB- exchange surfaces exchange in amoeba state the characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces in different organisms. describe the mechanism of gaseous amoeba. Discussion on characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces Discussion on mechanism of gaseous amoeba diagrams of different gaseous exchange surfaces such as insects, fish, frog earthworms diagram on gaseous amoeba pages Biology Form Term WEEK 4 Continuous assessment test answer all the questions asked in the test. Learner to write down the answers Teacher to supervise test Question paper Marking scheme 3 4 exchange in insect examine the gaseous exchange structures of a grasshopper or a locust. draw the gaseous exchange structure of an insect. Examining gaseous exchange structures in insects Discussion of findings Drawing the structure of a gaseous exchange system in an insect Chart on tracheal system in insects Live grasshopper Dissecting board Pins H lens Dissecting kit Chloroform Cotton wool page 58 WEEK 5 exchange in bony fish draw label the structure of gaseous bony fish. relate the gills to their function. Discussion on gills of a bony fish Drawing labelling the gill chamber gills of bony fish Discussion on functions of parts of the gills diagrams of gill chamber gills of a bony fish pages

14 For use with WEEK 6 WEEK 5 SUB- Mechanism of gaseous exchange in bony fish exchange in bony fish (practical lesson) exchange in frogs exchange in human beings exchange in human beings describe the mechanism of gaseous bony fish. examine the location number of gills in gill chambers of bony fish. examine, draw label the gill of a bony fish. describe gaseous a frog through its gills, skin mouth lungs. draw label the structures involved in gaseous human beings. examine a dissected mammal to locate the gaseous exchange structures. describe the mechanism of breathing in human beings. Discussion on mechanism of gaseous bony fish Examining, drawing labelling isolated gills in bony fish Discussion on gaseous a frog Discussion on structures of gaseous human beings Drawing of structures involved in gaseous humans Identifying the structures of gaseous a dissected rabbit (mammal) Discussion on mechanism of breathing in human beings diagram of gill chamber of bony fish Tilapia fish H lenses Gills of a bony fish Dissecting kit Pins Dissecting board position of mouth cavity, lungs nostrils in a frog the respiratory system in human beings the lungs rib cage in human beings Dissected rabbit displaying gaseous exchange system pages 60 6 page 69 pages 6 6 pages page 64 Biology Form Term 37

15 For use with WEEK 8 WEEK SUB- Breathing mechanism in human beings exchange in human beings Continuous assessment test exchange in mammals (practical lesson) describe how gaseous exchange occurs in the alveoli. explain how human lungs are adapted to their functions. answer all the questions asked in the test. demonstrate the breathing mechanism of the lungs diaphragm in a model thoracic cavity. demonstrate the breathing movement of ribs muscles by using a model. Discussion on gaseous exchange at the alveoli Discussion on the adaptations of lungs in humans examination of mammalian lung Learners to write down the answers to the questions Teacher to supervise the students Carrying out demonstration of breathing mechanism in human beings using a model exchange of gases in alveoli of human beings Lungs from a mammal e.g. goat Question papers Marking scheme A bell jar Two balloons Rubber stopper with a hole Y-shaped glass tube Rubber sheet String Petroleum jelly page 66 page 66 page 7 Biology Form Term 38

16 For use with SUB- Factors affecting the rate of breathing explain the factors which control the rate of breathing in human beings. Discussion on factors affecting the rate of breathing in human beings Chart with table showing factors affecting breathing pages Biology Form Term WEEK 0 WEEK Respiration Respiration Respiratory diseases exchange in (practical lesson) Introduction Tissue respiration Anaerobic respiration state causes, symptoms prevention measures of respiratory diseases. demonstrate the effect of exercise on the rate of breathing. define respiration. state the significance of respiration. draw label mitochondria. describe anaerobic respiration in. Discussion on causes, symptoms prevention measures of respiratory diseases Carrying out experiment to show the effect of exercise on rate of breathing Discussion on definition significance of respiration Drawing labelling mitochondria Discussion on anaerobic respiration in Chart on respiratory diseases Chair Stopwatch Skipping rope diagram of mitochondria Chart on mitochondria page 7 page 74 page 74 pages pages pages

17 For use with SUB- Biology Form Term WEEK WEEK 0 Respiration Respiration Respiration Respiration (practical lesson) Economic importance of anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration identify the gas given off when food is burnt. investigate the gas produced during fermentation. explain the economic importance of anaerobic respiration. explain aerobic respiration. compare energy production in aerobic anaerobic respiration. Carrying out experiments to investigate the gas produced when food is burnt Discussion on economic importance of anaerobic respiration Explaining aerobic respiration Discussion on energy formation in aerobic anaerobic respiration Retort st Maize flour Test-tubes Source of heat Boiling tubes Delivery tube Rubber stopper Lime water Clump Chart on economic importance of anaerobic respiration Chart on energy formation energy output in aerobic respiration pages 80 8 pages page 77 pages pages pages

18 For use with WEEK Respiration Respiration SUB- Tissue respiration (practical lesson) Tissue respiration (practical lesson) investigate the production of heat by germinating seeds. demonstrate that respiration takes place in. show aerobic respiration in. show that aerobic respiration takes place in. Carrying out the various experiments in groups Carrying out the experiments Discussion on the results observed Two vacuum flasks Two thermometers Beans cotton wool Sterilizer such as formalin Bell jar Soda lime Two conical flasks Black cloth Lime water Potted plant Delivery tube Filter pump Corks Petroleum jelly Grasshopper Two pieces of muslin cloth or wire net Bicarbonate indicator Two conical flasks Measuring cylinder Two rubber bungs Two labels Bell jar Two conical flasks Lime water Delivery tubes Soda lime Rat Filter pump Petroleum jelly pages 8 8 pages pages pages Biology Form Term WEEK 3 Revision end of term examination 4

19 For use with Biology Secondary Form Two Biology : Term Three SUB- Definition of terms define the terms stated. distinguish between excretion egestion. explain the necessity of excretion in. Defining excretion, egestion secretion Distinguishing between excretion egestion Explaining the necessity of excretion in major terms their definitions page 86 WEEK WEEK in in in describe the methods of excretion in. list down useful harmful excretory products in. describe the uses of excretory products in. draw an amoeba. describe excretion in fresh water amoeba. Describing the methods of excretion in Listing excretory products in Describing the uses of excretory products in Drawing of amoeba Describing the excretion of water nitrogenous wastes in amoeba excretory products in method of excretion in the excretory products, sources their economic importance in an amoeba in stages of excreting water other wastes pages page 87 page 88 4

20 For use with SUB- in explain the need for complex organs for excretion. list down organs involved in excretion in. list down waste products released by various organs. Explaining the need for complex excretory organs Listing the excretory organs substances released the specialized organs the main excretory products page 88 Biology Form Term 3 WEEK The human kidney examine the kidney of a mammal. draw the external structure of a kidney. make a vertical section through the kidney. identify the internal parts of the kidney. Examining the kidney Making a vertical section identifying the parts of the kidney Drawing the internal structure of the kidney Kidney of a mammal Sharp knife section of a kidney pages 9, 05 Functions of the nephron draw label the parts of the nephron. relate its structure to its role in urine formation. Drawing labelling the nephron Discussion on the structure of the nephron in relation to its function the structure of the nephron pages 9 94 WEEK 3 Neuro-endocrine system describe the role of various hormones in urine formation. Describing the role of insulin, ADH aldosterone in urine formation Diagram of nephron showing the movement of sodium ions water pages

21 For use with SUB- Biology Form Term 3 WEEK 3 Neuro-endocrine system describe the components role of the neuro-endocrine systems. distinguish between internal external environments. general working of the homeostatic mechanism. Describing the components role of the neuro-endocrine system Distinguishing between internal external environment Explaining the general working of the homeostatic mechanism Flow chart showing the homeostatic mechanism; positive negative feedback pages Continuous assessment test answer all the questions asked in the test. Learner to answer all the questions Teacher to prepare give the test Question papers Marking schemes WEEK 4 Osmoregulation describe the role of the kidney in osmoregulation. explain the role of hypothalamus in osmoregulation. Describing the role of the kidney in osmoregulation Describing the role of the hypothalamus in osmoregulation Flow chart showing the homeostatic mechanism in regulating osmotic pressure by the kidney pages Diabetes insipidus other common kidney diseases describe the causes symptoms of diabetes insipidus other common kidney diseases. state possible control/ prevention methods of diabetes insipidus. Describing the causes, symptoms, prevention control of diabetes insipidus other diseases associated with the kidney the diseases, causes, symptoms control/prevention methods pages 96,

22 For use with SUB- in draw label parts of the skin. relate the parts of skin to their functions. Discussion on the parts of the skin their functions Drawing labelling parts of the skin relating parts to their functions Chart or photograph of the section of the skin pages Biology Form Term 3 WEEK 5 The role of skin in describe the role of the skin in osmoregulation thermoregulation. Describing the role of the skin in osmoregulation thermoregulation diagram of the skin pages Thermoregulation in human beings describe behavioral physiological means of thermoregulation in. Describing the behavioural physiological means of thermoregulation Photographs of warmly dressed people during cold weather Photograph of people with light clothing during hot weather pages WEEK 6 Heat loss heat gain Surface area to volume ratio in relation to thermoregulation describe the various methods of heat loss gain in mammals. relate the body size of mammals to heat loss heat gain. Discussion on methods of heat loss gain in mammals Discussion on relationship of body size in mammals to heat loss gain Resource person e.g. physics teacher to describe methods of heat loss heat gain Pictures of large mammals small mammals page 99 page 99 45

23 For use with WEEK 8 WEEK 7 WEEK SUB- Role of the liver in Functions of the liver Diseases of the liver Continuous assessment test. in (practical lessson) draw the liver describe its role in. describe other functions of the liver. describe the symptoms possible control of diabetes mellitus other diseases of the liver. answer all the questions asked in the test. describe the role of catalase enzyme in breaking down hydrogen peroxide. use liver kidney to investigate the reaction. 46 Describing the liver its role in Drawing labelling the liver associated parts Describing other functions of the liver Describing the symptoms control of diabetes mellitus other liver diseases Learner to answer the questions Teacher to supervise students Carrying out the experiment to investigate the effect of catalase enzyme on hydrogen peroxide Discussion on results obtained in the experiment the external structure of liver in relation to gut, gall bladder blood vessels functions of the liver diseases of the liver, causes control/ treatment Question paper Marking scheme Hydrogen peroxide Beakers (two) Measuring cylinder Piece of liver kidney Splint Ruler pages 0 04 pages pages pages Biology Form Term 3

24 For use with WEEK 9 SUB- Role of the liver in regulation of blood glucose Regulation of blood sugar describe the role of the liver in blood sugar control. describe the role of insulin hormone. draw describe a flow chart showing the regulation of blood sugar. Describing the role of the liver in blood sugar control using insulin hormone Describing the feed back mechanism of blood sugar control steps in controlling blood sugar levels Flow chart showing regulation of blood sugar page 97 page 98 Biology Form Term 3 WEEK 0 Temperature regulation in other Continuous assessment test describe temperature regulation in other. answer the questions asked in the test. Describing temperature regulation in other Learner to answer questions in the test Teacher to supervise students as they do the test Photographs of bird, reptiles camels showing behaviour of temperature regulation Question paper Marking scheme page 00 WEEK Revision exchange in relate parts of the lung to their functions. draw label the parts of the lungs. Describing the parts of the lung relating the parts to their functions. Drawing labelling the parts of the lungs the parts of the lungs pages 63 64, 66 47

25 For use with SUB- Biology Form Term 3 WEEK Revision exchange in describe the functions of lungs as discussed during gaseous exchange. Reviewing gaseous exchange functions of lungs Reading notes on gaseous exchange Notes on gaseous exchange Charts showing lungs pages WEEK 4 Revision exchange in (practical lesson) identify a mammal s lungs. observe describe the structure of lungs in relation to functions. Identifying fresh lungs of a mammal Observing describing the structure of a mammal s lungs in relation to their functions Fresh lungs of a cow Livestock officer pages WEEK 3 Revision/ End of year examination 48