General Characteristics
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1 Fungi
2 General Characteristics Primarily terrestrial Filamentous Hyphae Coenocytic (aseptate) septate mycelium Haustoria specialized parasitic hyphae
3 Fungal Hyphae
4 General Characteristics Heterotrophic absorption (saprobes) parasitic mutualistic Cell Wall: Chitin Store sugar as glycogen (animal-like)
5 Fungal Reproduction Asexual haploid spores (conidia/sporangia) Sexual hyphae (haploid) Syngamy (diploid) (like us) Plasmogamy (dikaryon) (Heterokaryon) karyogamy (diploid)
6 Fugal Reproduction
7 Fungal Classification
8 Division: Chytridiomycota Have Flagella (rare in fungi) Coenocytic hyphae or unicellular Cell wall: chitin Saprobes or parasites May be most primitive fungi
9 Division: Zygomycota
10 Division: Zygomycota Coenocytic Fungi Mostly terrestrial (live on decaying material) Example: Rhizopus (Black bread mold) Uses: birth control pills, meat tenderizers, margarine coloring (enzymes)
11 Fig Essay! probably at least one fungi one plant life cycle! Key Haploid (n) Heterokaryotic (n + n) Diploid (2n) PLASMOGAMY Rhizopus growing on bread Mating type (+) Mating type ( ) Gametangia with haploid nuclei SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Young zygosporangium (heterokaryotic) 100 µm Sporangia Dispersal and germination KARYOGAMY Zygosporangium Spores ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Sporangium MEIOSIS Diploid nuclei Dispersal and germination 50 µm Mycelium
12 Division: Zygomycota Microsporidia Parasitic Loss of organelles Cause disease in people with immune deficiency Used as pest control
13 Division: Glomeromycota Arbuscular mycorrhizae Coenocytic Fungi Mutualistic - associated with plant roots increases surface area for the absorption of water and nutrients
14 Division: Ascomycota
15 Divison: Ascomycota Septate fungi (sac fungi) Saprobes, mutualistic Examples: Dutch Elm Disease, yeasts, truffles, some molds Uses: Penicillium, pathogens (penicillin, tumor suppression) food (cheese and soy sauce)
16 Fig Haploid spores (conidia) Conidiophore Dispersal ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Germination Hypha Conidia; mating type ( ) Mating type (+) PLASMOGAMY Key Haploid (n) Dikaryotic (n + n) Diploid (2n) Ascus (dikaryotic) Mycelium Germination Ascocarp Mycelia Dispersal Asci Dikaryotic hyphae SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Eight ascospores KARYOGAMY Diploid nucleus (zygote) Four haploid nuclei MEIOSIS
17 Division: Basidiomycota
18 Division: Basidiomycota Septate Fungi (Club fungi) Saprobes, parasites, mutualistic Examples: mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi Uses: Food
19 Division: Basidiomycota Fairy Rings
20 Fig Haploid mycelia PLASMOGAMY Dikaryotic mycelium Mating type ( ) Haploid mycelia Mating type (+) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Gills lined with basidia Basidiocarp (n+n) Basidium Dispersal and germination Basidiospores (n) Basidium with four basidiospores Basidium containing four haploid nuclei MEIOSIS Basidia (n+n) KARYOGAMY Key 1 µm Basidiospore Diploid nuclei Haploid (n) Dikaryotic (n +n) Diploid (2n)
21 Division: Deuteromycota Imperfect fungi (no sexual cycle), septate hyphae Examples: Penicillium?, Aspergillus, predatory fungi Stachybotrys chartarum Some taxonomist say Penicillium is an Ascomycota and deutromycota does not exist
22 Lichen Mutualistic - association with a green algae or cyanobacteria and an ascomycota or basidiomycota Pioneer organisms
23 Ecological Impacts Decomposers Pathogens (30% of species most plant pathogens) % world s fruit lost due to Fungi Ergots on rye (lysergic acid > LSD) Food Production recycling, alcohol, cheese, truffles Ergots another compound used to reduce blood pressure/maternal bleeding after childbirth
24 Worldwide 1/3 of worlds amph suffering serious decline 60% human diseases originate from 3/3/14 24 animals
25 Plant Diversity I
26 Highlights of Plant Evolution Gymnosperms
27 Alternation of Generation Both a Multicellular haploid and Multicellular diploid stages in the life cycles.
28 Classification of Seedless Plants (Kingdom: Plantae) Nonvascular Seedless plants Bryophyta Mosses Hepatophyta Liverworts Anthocerophyta Hornworts Kingdom Plantae currently defined as plants with embryos) Vascular Seedless plants Lycophyta Club mosses Psilophyta Whiskferns Spenophyta Horsetails Pterophyta Ferns We will treat all of these as divisions!
29 Bryophytes - Nonvascular Seedless Plants Plant is a thallus (no vascular tissue) no true leaves, roots, stems Gametophyte Sporophyte / : Gametophyte (antheridium and archegonium) sporangium (produces spores)
30 Hepatophyta Liverworts Two forms Leafy Thalloid (80%) (20%)
31 Hepatophyta Liverworts Reproduction Asexual Gemma Cups ( ) sexual
32 Anthocerophyta Hornworts Sporophyte Similar to liverworts except for sporophytes Most closely related to higher plants
33 Bryophyta Mosses
34 Moss gametophytes grow more vertically than horizontally Bryophyta Essay!
35 Pteridophytes - Vascular Seedless Plants Formation of vascular tissue Xylem (water) Phloem (food) True leaves, roots, and stems Lignin (chemical in cell wall) Sporophyte generation dominate Sperm with flagella
36 Lycophyta Lycophytes true leaves Microphylls small, usually spine shaped leaves with a single vein. true stems true roots Sporophylls leaves that produce spores
37 Psilophyta Whisk Ferns True stems no true leaves no true roots
38 Sphenophyta Horsetails true leaves microphylls true stems silica true roots
39 Division: Pterophyta
40 Division: Pterophyta
41 Fern Life Cycle Essay!
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Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
What is a Plant? Plant Life Cycle. What did they evolve from? Original Habitat 1/15/2018. Plant Life Cycle Alternation of Generations
What is a Plant? Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Has cell walls containing cellulose Lack mobility (sessile) Display Alternation of Generations in their life cycle Introduction to
Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.
SECTION 19.1 DIVERSITY OF PROTISTS Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. VOCABULARY protist Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. 1. Are protists
Fungi 2/15/2019. Fungal Structure. Fungal Structure. Fungal Structure. Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi. Learning Objectives
Learig Objectives Fugi By the ed of this uit, a studet should be able to List distiguishig characteristics, describe a typical life cycle, ad give examples of each of the followig fugal groups: chytridiomycetes,
Plants, Fungi, and the Move onto Land
Chapter 16 Biology Society: The Diamond of the Kitchen Truffles are Plants, Fungi, the Move onto L subterranean reproductive bodies of a certain fungus highly prized by gourmets for their powerful earthy
copyright cmassengale Kingdoms and Classification
1 Kingdoms and Classification 2 Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex
Fungi BIOLOGY. Visual Learning Company. Editors: Brian A. Jerome Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome. Graphics: Fred Thodal Dean Ladago
Instructor s Manual Editors: Brian A. Jerome Ph.D. Stephanie Zak Jerome Assistant Editors: Louise Marrier Lyndsey Canfield Heidi Berry Graphics: Fred Thodal Dean Ladago BIOLOGY Visual Learning Company
Bio 40S Bio Diversity. Mr. Kecman
Bio 40S Bio Diversity Mr. Kecman Worksheets: Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi Chart on Kingdoms Fungi Kingdom Diversity of Fungi Fungi What are Fungi? httpwww.youtube.com/watch?v=b5rluxt ABGAs:// Fungi Kingdom