4 General Characteristics:

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2 The Plant Kingdom 4 General Characteristics: 1) Multi-celled organisms 2) Plants make their own food by photosynthesis 3) They have chloroplasts chloroplasts- organelle where photosynthesis takes place they re green because they have chlorophyll Chlorophyll- the chemical that gives plants their green color traps light energy for photosynthesis 2

3 Chloroplast 3

4 Chloroplast 4

5 4 General Characteristics Cont d 4) Plant cells have cell walls (animal cells do not) cells walls stiff cell walls give structure to each cell also supports the plant made of cellulose have holes through which cells share cytoplasm & pass nutrients sugars, water, and hormones 5

6 Photosynthesis: Prefix photo means: Light Root word synthesis means: to make Photosynthesis - Process in which plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from the sun to make food only occurs in the chloroplasts releases oxygen 6

7 What process is illustrated here? Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 7

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9 How are plants organized? PLANTS Vascular Nonvascular Seed Plants Seedless Plants Angiosperms Gymnosperms Ferns & related plants Mosses & related plants 9

10 2 Main Types of Plants PLANTS Vascular 1) Vascular Plants 2) Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular broken into 2 more subgroups called: a) seedless plants b) seed plants not broken into subgroups 10

11 Vascular Plants- Vascular Plants plants that have tube-like cells in their roots, stems, & leaves that carry H 2 O and nutrients Vascular comes from the Latin word vasculum which means vessel they lose their leaves like a pet sheds roots, stems, and leaves of a plant are all called organs 11

12 Vascular Plants: 3 organs and their jobs Vascular Plant Organs:( roots, stems, & leaves) ROOTS- anchors the plant into the ground takes in H 2 O & nutrients directly from the soil STEMS- carry water to all parts of the plant holds the leaves up to the sunlight LEAVES- place where all of the chloroplasts are located 12

13 Vascular Plants: 2 Types of Tubes vascular plants have 2 different types of tube-like structures inside them a) xylem b) phloem each one has a specific function (job) think of tiny pipes...like a plumbing system Xylem - tube-like cells that carry water & dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves Phloem- tube-like cells that carry food, which is made in the leaves, to all parts of the plant 13

14 Phloem Take another L k xylem 14

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16 Vascular Plants: Two Main Groups Seed Plants Vascular Seedless Plants PLANTS Nonvascular 1) seedless plants Vascular plant that DO NOT have seeds Ex: ferns 2) seed plants Vascular plant that have seeds for reproduction Ex: conifers & flowering plants 16

17 Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns) Ferns- seedless plants usually grow in moist shady areas typical fern they have adapted to grow in other environments: -aquatic (water) -dry climates -tropical regions water horn fern tropical fern stem stores the food & water 17

18 Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns) The Fern Leaf divided into tiny leaflets that look feathery loses leaves at the end of each growing season ferns are classified by their leaves The Fern Reproduction reproduce by spores formed on the underside of the leaf the cases that hold the spores look like brown and orange spots 18

19 Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns) 4 Parts of a Fern: rhizoid- an underground stem that anchored by the roots roots- anchor the fern Frond- full grown leaves that stand vertically Fiddlehead- tightly coiled new leaves 19

20 Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns) 4 Parts of a Fern: rootsrhizoid- Frond- Fiddlehead- 20

21 Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers) Conifer- a type of seed plant that produces its seeds inside a cone 2 main parts : embryo- An organism that contains a new young plant and stored food in its earliest stage of birth seed- A plant embryo that contains a new young plant and stored food surrounded by a protective coat 21

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23 Vascular 2 Plants: Main Types Seed of Plants Plants (conifers) Evergreens- a type of conifer that keeps its leaves all year long example: pine, spruce, & fir trees they lose their leaves like a pet sheds (not all at the same time) some lose their leaves in the fall only such as: larch, dawn redwood, & bald cypress 23

24 Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers) 5 important facts about conifers 1) ¾ of the worlds lumber is from conifers 2) provide almost all of the worlds paper 3) source of turpentine's, disinfectants, and fuel 4) Provides food for many animals 5) Provides shelter for many animals 24

25 Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers) Directions: List 10 items that are made from conifers

26 Slide Questions Part One (slides 1-10) Directions: Answer the following questions 1) List the 4 general characteristics of plants 2) Define photosynthesis. 3) In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? 4) What are the 3 main ingredients for photosynthesis? 5) List two function (job) of the cell wall in plants. 6) List the two main types of plants. 26