State Forest Research Institute, Post Box No. 159, Itanagar , India 1 Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar , India

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "State Forest Research Institute, Post Box No. 159, Itanagar , India 1 Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar , India"

Transcription

1 Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 6, April 2007, pp Effects of different culture media on seed germination and subsequent in vitro development of protocorms of Hygrochilus parishii (Veith & Rchb.f.) Pfitz (Orchidaceae) R Shadang, Padmanabh Dwivedi 1*, S N Hegde and N Ahmed State Forest Research Institute, Post Box No. 159, Itanagar , India 1 Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar , India Received 19 September 2005; revised 24 May 2006; accepted 20 July 2006 Seeds of Hygrochilus parishii (Veith & Rchb.f.) Pfitz were inoculated on eight different culture media (basal) MS, MKC, V&W, I&Y and half strength of respective media. Seeds germinated within d almost on all media with varying percentage and developed into greenish protocorm after d. Best seed germination was observed in ½ strength MKC medium. Healthy protocorms were observed within 100 d in V&W media. Sub-cultured protocorms in all the above media supplemented with NAA, BAP, 2,4-D and IAA in a range of mg L -1, both individually and in combination, and additives like banana pulp (BP, 10%) and coconut milk (CM, 15%) produced well developed callus. Multiplication of protocorms was best on ½ strength MS + NAA (2.0 mg L -1 ). Formation of root and leaf was early in V&W medium having CM (15%) and BP (10%) but without sucrose. Keywords: culture media, Hygrochilus parishii, orchid, protocorms, seed germination IPC Code: Int. Cl. 8 A01H4/00 Introduction North-Eastern part of India is home to a number of rare and endemic orchid species. Some of these species are disappearing due to extensive collection and habitat destruction by anthropogenic activities. Hygrochilus parishii (Veith & Rchb.f.) Pfitz, an epiphytic plant is one of those species that is endemic and has become rare 1. Due to its handsome multicoloured and long lasting flower quality, the species has received wide attention of floriculturists and orchid lovers. As measure to conserve this species, experiments on seed germination and subsequent protocorms and seedling growth have been carried out in vitro. Though most of the orchid species produce millions of seeds in a single capsule 2,3, in natural conditions less than 5% germinate due to specific nutritional requirement 4,5. Asymbiotic in vitro germination of orchid seeds has been reported by several workers 6-8. In the present communication, an attempt has been made for in vitro seed germination and subsequent development of *Author for correspondence: Tel: ; Fax: pdwivedi25@rediffmail.com protocorms and seedling growth from green undihisced mature capsules of H. parishii to produce a large number of plants. Materials and Methods Eight different basal culture media - MKC (Modified Knudson C ) 9, MS (Murashige & Skoog) 10, V&W (Vacin & Went) 11 and I&Y (Ichihashi & Yamashita) 12 and their half strengths were used for seed germination and protocorm development. ph of the media were adjusted to 5.6 before autoclaving. The growth and development of protocorms and subsequent seedlings were tested on all the above media supplemented with filtersterilized NAA, BAP, IAA, 2,4-D ( mg L -1 ), either singly or in combination. The media were also enriched with additives like coconut milk (CM) and banana pulp (BP). Undihisced 8-month-old green capsules were washed thrice in running tap water followed by application of a detergent solution with brush. The capsules were then dipped in 70% ethanol for 5 min and washed thoroughly with sterilized distilled water. The capsules were flamed before opening by a sterile blade. Seeds were then distributed directly onto the

2 SHADANG et al: PROTOCORM DEVELOPMENT OF H. PARISHII IN VITRO culture media. The inoculated flasks were kept at room temperature (22'-2OC) under lux light with 14 h photoperiod. The number of days required for germination and protocorm development were recorded. Protocorms thus obtained were inoculated onto basal media used for seed germination with different combinations of NAA, BAP, IAA, 2,4-D and additives like CM and BP. Growth response in all the cultures was recorded. Results and Discussion The seeds of H. parishii inoculated in eight basal I nutrient media germinated after d and developed into greenish protocorms within 100 d of culture. Seed germination was 90% in MKC, followed by 80% in MS medium. On V&W medium though only 60% germination occurred, the protocorms showed better growth with early leaf (1~2 in numbers) and roots (1-2 in numbers) formation 4-5 months after culture % germination was recorded in I&Y, 34 MKC and?h MS, and 20-40% in?h V&W and 34 I and Y (Table 1). The promotory effect of growth regulators in in vitro culture has been worked out by a number of worker^'^-'^. In the present study, BAP (2.0 mg L-') in MS media showed significant response in shoot and root development (Table 2). Higher concentration of NAA (2.0 mg L-I) in 34 MS, V&W media favoured protocorm multiplication (Figs 1 & 2) but 2,4-D (2.0 mg L-') in WKC initiated callus in protocorms (Fig. 3). IAA (1.0 mg L-') in MS initiated shoot bud formation after 60 d of sub-culture (Fig. 4). All protocorms developed shoot buds in both full and?h strength MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L-') and NAA (2.0 mg L-I) (Figs 5&6). With BAP (1.0 mg L-') + NAA (2.0 mg L-') in 95 strength MKC Figs &2. Multiplication of protocorms on Yz strength MS protocorm was observed' md V&W supplemented with NAA (2.0 mg ~1); 3. Callus in H Excellent callus was observed in MKC, MS or %MS MKC+ 2,4-D (2.0 mg L-1); 4. shoot bud initiation in MS+IAA media in combination of BAP (1.0 mg L-') + 2,4-D (1.0 mg L-j); 5 & 6. Protocorms developed shoot & buds in MS & (2.0 mg L-') + IAA (1.0 mg L-I). BP, CM and potato extract have been successfull used in place of 17 sucrose in Sarcanthine orchids. In our experiments, incorporation of CM (15%) or BP (10%) instead of sucrose in MKC, MS, 34 strength MS and V&W media initiated direct differentiation of shoots and roots from protocorms. In other media the response was very poor (Table 2). Seed germination frequency was lower in 34 strength than in full strength of culture media. In case of protocorms, higher concentration of BAP Yz strength MS supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L-I) and NAA (1.0 mg L-I); and 7. Seedling growth in V&W +CM (15%)+BP (10%). (2.0 mg LA') initiated bud in majority of culture media. 2,4-D (2.0 mg L-') caused callusing of protocorms and NAA (2.0 mg L-') proved effective for protocorm multiplication. Combination of BAP (1.0 mg L-I), 2,4-D (2.0 mg L-I) and IAA (1.0 mg L-') favoured formation of shoot buds. However, CM '' (15%) and BP (10%) when added in place of sucrose

3 258 INDIAN J BIOTECHNOL, APRIL 2007 S..No Media Time taken for seed germination (d) Table 1 Response of seed germination in Hygrochilus parishii. Number of days taken for formation of protocormlike bodies (Plbs) % Germination Observation 1 MKC Inoculated seeds swell after 16 d, followed by germination, Plbs found after 80 d, Plbs small in size. 2 ½ MKC Inoculated seeds swell after 16 d, followed by germination, 40% of Plbs turned brownish and died after 90 d, Plbs were small in size. 3 MS Inoculated seeds swell after 16 d, followed by germination, Plbs found after 90 d, Plbs large in size. 4 ½ MS Inoculated seeds swell after 16 d, followed by germination, few of the protocorms turned brownish and died after 90 d. 5 V&W Inoculated seeds swell after 20 d, followed by germination, protocorms formed with 1-2 leaf, 2-5 mm long, 1-2 root 5-10 mm long, after 5 months. 6 ½ V&W Inoculated seeds swell after 20 d, followed by germination, protocorms formed with 1-2 leaf, 2-5 mm long, 1-2 root 5-10 mm long, after 4 months. 7 I&Y Inoculated seeds swell after 16 d, followed by germination, Plbs found after 80 d. 8 ½ I &Y Inoculated seeds swell after 16 d, followed by germination, white protocorms formed after 90 d only, few turned green. Time taken for Plbs: n = 120, df = 7, F = , p< [p = 0.000] Time taken for germination: n = 120, df = 7, F = 3.702, p< [0.001] Result: n = 120, df = 7, F = , p < [p = 0.000] Culture Media Table 2 Response of protocorms grown on various culture media supplemented with different growth regulators Growth regulators (mg L -1 ) BAP NAA 2,4-D IAA CM BP Callus % Response Plbs multiplication Shoot buds after 2 month of Plbs inoculation MKC % 10%

4 SHADANG et al: PROTOCORM DEVELOPMENT OF H. PARISHII IN VITRO 259 Culture Media Table 2 Response of protocorms grown on various culture media supplemented with different growth regulators Contd. Growth regulators (mg L -1 ) BAP NAA 2,4-D IAA CM BP Callus % Response Plbs multiplication Shoot buds after 2 month of Plbs inoculation ½ MKC % 10% MS % 10% ½ MS % 10%

5 260 INDIAN J BIOTECHNOL, APRIL 2007 Culture Media Table 2 Response of protocorms grown on various culture media supplemented with different growth regulators Contd. Growth regulators (mg L -1 ) BAP NAA 2,4-D IAA CM BP Callus % Response Plbs multiplication Shoot buds after 2 month of Plbs inoculation V&W % 10% ½ V&W % 10% I&Y % 10% ½ I&Y % 10% (-) Nil, BAP (6-Benzyl amino purine), NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid), 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid), IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), CM (Coconut Milk), BP (Banana Pulp). Each concentration of hormone had 10 replicates, and the experiment was conducted 3 times.

6 SHADANG et al: PROTOCORM DEVELOPMENT OF H. PARISHII IN VITRO 261 promoted better response (Fig. 7). The survival rate of these seedlings after in vivo transplantation in the potting mixture (Brick:Charcoal:Tree fern::1:1:1) was 70%. The method thus suggested in this paper can be used for large-scale propagation of this orchid species. Acknowledgement Thanks are due to the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi for the financial assistance. We also thank the Director, State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar for facilities. References 1 Singh D K, Wadhwa M & Singh K P, A conspectus of orchids of Mizoram, their studies and conservation, J Orchid Soc India, 4 (1990) Shushan S, Developmental anatomy of an orchid Cattleya x Trimos, in The orchids: A scientific survey, edited by C L Withner (Ronald Press, New York) Withner C L, Orchids physiology, in The orchids: A scientific survey, edited by C L Withner (Ronald Press, New York) Rao A N, Tissue culture in orchid industry, in Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell tissue and organ culture, edited by J Reinert & Y P S Bajaj (Springer Verlag, Berlin) 1977, Hazarika R B & Sarma C M, In vitro germination and regeneration of Dendrobium transparens Lindl, J Orchid Soc India, 9 (1995) Knudson L, Non-symbiotic germination of orchid seeds, Bot Gaz, 73 (1922) Hegarty C P, Observation on the germination of orchid seed, Am Orchid Soc Bull, 28 (1955) Arditii J, Factor affecting the germination of orchids seeds, Bot Rev, 33 (1967) Knudson L, A new nutrient solution for the germination of orchid seeds, Am Orchid Soc Bull, 15 (1946) Murashige T & Skoog F, A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture, Physiol Plant, 15 (1962) Vacin E F & Went F W, Some ph changes in nutrient solutions, Bot Gaz, 110 (1949) Ichihashi S & Yamashita M, Studies on the media for orchids seed germination, J JPN Soc Hort Sci, 45 (1977) Kano K, Studies on the media for orchid seed germination, Mem Fac Agric Kagawa Univ, 20 (1965) Methews V H & Rao P S, In vitro culture of Vanda hybrid (Vanda TMA x Vanda Miss Joaquim): II Studies on seedling explants, Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad, 51 (1980) Kumaria S, Chrungoo N & Tandon P, Activities of some oxidative enzymes in axenic cultures of protocorms of Cymbidium giganteum Wall as influenced by different growth regulators, J Orchid Soc India, 4 (1990) Sharma S K & Tandon P, Influence of growth regulators on asymbiotic germination and early seedling development of Coelogyne punctulata Lindl, in Biology, conservation and culture of orchids, edited by S P Vij (Affiliated East West Press, New Delhi) 1986, Intuwong S & Sagawa Y, Clonal propagation of sarcanthine orchids by aseptic culture of inflorescences, Am Orchid Soc Bull, 46 (1973)

Efficient plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from anthers of Datura stramonium L.

Efficient plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from anthers of Datura stramonium L. Available online http://www.ijat-rmutto.com Journal of Agricultural Technology 2010 Vol. ISSN 6(4): 1686-9141 741-745 Efficient plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from anthers of Datura stramonium

More information

Induction of Haploid Callus from Isolated Microspores of Peony in vitro

Induction of Haploid Callus from Isolated Microspores of Peony in vitro Plant & Cell Physiol. 22(2): 337-34 (98) Short communication Induction of Haploid Callus from Isolated Microspores of Peony in vitro Kanji Ono and Shuichi Harashima Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,

More information

The Effect of Pollination Time and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on the Production and Seed Germination of Phalaenopsis Orchids

The Effect of Pollination Time and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on the Production and Seed Germination of Phalaenopsis Orchids The Effect of Pollination Time and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on the Production and Seed Germination of Phalaenopsis Orchids Hassan Kia Heirati 1*, Rasoul Onsinejad 2 and Fattaneh Yari 3 1 M.S. Student, Department

More information

INVITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF EULOPHIA NUDA LIND AN ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHID THROUGH PLB (PROTOCORM LIKE BODIES)

INVITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF EULOPHIA NUDA LIND AN ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHID THROUGH PLB (PROTOCORM LIKE BODIES) Received: 21 st Dec-2013 Revised: 29 th Dec-2013 Accepted: 30 th Dec-2013 Research article INVITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF EULOPHIA NUDA LIND AN ENDANGERED TERRESTRIAL ORCHID THROUGH PLB (PROTOCORM LIKE BODIES)

More information

INTRODUCING PLANT TISSUE CULTURE IN THE CLASSROOM CONCEPTS & HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

INTRODUCING PLANT TISSUE CULTURE IN THE CLASSROOM CONCEPTS & HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE INTRODUCING PLANT TISSUE CULTURE IN THE CLASSROOM CONCEPTS & HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Dr. Mike Kane University of Florida Applications of Plant Tissue Culture Concepts & Terminology Micropropagation: A Historical

More information

Efficient in vitro Cultural Techniques for Seeds Germination of Vanda roxburghii

Efficient in vitro Cultural Techniques for Seeds Germination of Vanda roxburghii World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 10 (4): 163-168, 2014 ISSN 1817-3047 IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjas.2014.10.4.1819 Efficient in vitro Cultural Techniques for Seeds Germination

More information

Propagation of Vanda coerulea Via In Vitro Asymbiotic Seed Germination

Propagation of Vanda coerulea Via In Vitro Asymbiotic Seed Germination Propagation of Vanda coerulea Via In Vitro Asymbiotic Seed Germination Viki Manners, Suman Kumaria* and Pramod Tandon ABSTRACT An efficient method of propagation for Vanda coerulea, a rare and endangered

More information

IN VITRO FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN CULTURE OF DENDROBIUM OFFICINATE KIMURA ET MIGO. (ORCHIDACEAE)

IN VITRO FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN CULTURE OF DENDROBIUM OFFICINATE KIMURA ET MIGO. (ORCHIDACEAE) Pak. J. Bot., 46(5): 1877-1882, 2014. IN VITRO FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN CULTURE OF DENDROBIUM OFFICINATE KIMURA ET MIGO. (ORCHIDACEAE) XIN QIAN, CAIXIA WANG, TONG OUYANG AND MIN TIAN * Key Laboratory

More information

Unit for Orchid Studies, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation,

Unit for Orchid Studies, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Malays. Appl. Biol. (2014) 43(2): 25-33 Asymbiotic Seeds Germination and Seedlings Development of Vanda dearei 13 *Jualang A.G. 2 Devina D. 1 Hartinie M. 3 Sharon J.S. 1 Roslina J. 1 School of Science

More information

Production of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Plants from Anther-derived Callus of Lilium formosanum

Production of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Plants from Anther-derived Callus of Lilium formosanum Production of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Plants from Anther-derived Callus of Lilium formosanum D.-S. Han and Y. Niimi Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181 Japan

More information

IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF PROTOCORMS AND PROTOCORM LIKE BODIES IN ORCHIDS - A REVIEW

IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF PROTOCORMS AND PROTOCORM LIKE BODIES IN ORCHIDS - A REVIEW Agric. Rev., 29 (1) : 40-47, 2008 IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF PROTOCORMS AND PROTOCORM LIKE BODIES IN ORCHIDS - A REVIEW R. Swarna Piria, K. Rajmohan* and S. Suresh Horticultural Research Station, Pechiparai

More information

Raphanus sativus L. Raphaiol. Thin Layer Chromatography R f

Raphanus sativus L. Raphaiol. Thin Layer Chromatography R f Raphaiol Thin Layer Chromatography R f Tissue Cultivation of Plant and Identification of Raphaiol Alkaloid of Extraction of The Seeds, Explants, Callus and produced Plants from tissue Cultivation Asst.

More information

Promila Pathak*, Hossein Piri, S P Vij, K C Mahant & Shaveta Chauhan

Promila Pathak*, Hossein Piri, S P Vij, K C Mahant & Shaveta Chauhan Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 49, September 2011, pp. 711-716 In vitro propagation and mass scale multiplication of a critically endangered epiphytic orchid, Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham

More information

In vitro flowering and in vitro pollination: methods that will benefit the orchid industry

In vitro flowering and in vitro pollination: methods that will benefit the orchid industry In vitro flowering and in vitro pollination: methods that will benefit the orchid industry Kim Hor HEE, Hock Hin YEOH, Chiang Shiong LOH Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore

More information

IN VITRO RHIZOGENESIS IN PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.)

IN VITRO RHIZOGENESIS IN PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) J. Plant Develop. 20(2013): 51 55 IN VITRO RHIZOGENESIS IN PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) Jaime A. TEIXEIRA DA SILVA 1,2 Abstract: The seeds of two papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivars ('Rainbow' and 'Sunrise

More information

Pavel Karpov* Introduction

Pavel Karpov* Introduction Acta Universitatis Latviensis, Biology, 2004, Vol. 676, pp. 177 182 Clonal propagation of Yucca aloifolia L. Pavel Karpov* Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic

More information

Callus induction and plant regeneration on optimization of the culture conditions in Jow Haw rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Callus induction and plant regeneration on optimization of the culture conditions in Jow Haw rice (Oryza sativa L.) Journal of Agricultural Technology 2016 Vol. 12(2):241-248 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Callus induction and plant regeneration on optimization of the culture conditions in

More information

HYBRID DENDROBIUM ORCHID ON VARIOUS TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKININ AND AUXIN ON MURASHIGE AND SKOOG (MS) MEDIUM

HYBRID DENDROBIUM ORCHID ON VARIOUS TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKININ AND AUXIN ON MURASHIGE AND SKOOG (MS) MEDIUM Responses of Protocorm Like Bodies Hybrid. Anne Nuraini RESPONSES OF Protocorm Like Bodies HYBRID DENDROBIUM ORCHID ON VARIOUS TYPES AND CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKININ AND AUXIN ON MURASHIGE AND SKOOG (MS)

More information

Micropropagation of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum L.) from different explants to flowering onset

Micropropagation of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum L.) from different explants to flowering onset 583 Micropropagation of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum L.) from different explants to flowering onset Fatemeh Rezaee, Faezeh Ghanati* and Laleh Yusefzadeh Boroujeni Department of Plant Biology, Faculty

More information

Plant Growth Regulators(NCERT)

Plant Growth Regulators(NCERT) Plant Growth Regulators(NCERT) Promoters: 1. Auxins: -first isolated from urine, contains Zinc. -Natural: Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) -Synthetic: Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 2-4

More information

Germination in the Cypripedium/Paphiopedilum Alliance

Germination in the Cypripedium/Paphiopedilum Alliance Germination in the Cypripedium/Paphiopedilum Alliance The colourful temperate ladyslippers including Cypripedium acaule, calceolus and reginae have attracted the attention of many investigators attempting

More information

Lecture-6. The physiological basis of adventitious root formation in cutting and layering. Learning objective

Lecture-6. The physiological basis of adventitious root formation in cutting and layering. Learning objective Lecture-6 The physiological basis of adventitious root formation in cutting and layering Learning objective Introduction To know about the physiological, anatomical and biochemical basis of root formation

More information

Propagation of Haemaria discolor via in vitro seed germination

Propagation of Haemaria discolor via in vitro seed germination Propagation of Haemaria discolor via in vitro seed germination Y.-J. SHIAU*, S.M. NALAWADE**, C.-N. HSAI* and H.-S. TSAY** 1 Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Research Institute, Wufong, Taichung 413,

More information

Effect of Different ph on In vitro Seed Germination of Vanda. tessellata (Roxb.)Hook.Ex.G an Endangered Medicinal Orchid.

Effect of Different ph on In vitro Seed Germination of Vanda. tessellata (Roxb.)Hook.Ex.G an Endangered Medicinal Orchid. Effect of Different ph on In vitro Seed Germination of Vanda tessellata (Roxb.)Hook.Ex.G an Endangered Medicinal Orchid. Bindiya Prakash 1, Dr.Ritu Thakur Bais 2,Dr.Prathibha Singh 3, Dr.Shagufta Khan

More information

The involvement of photosynthesis in inducing bud formation on excised leaf segments of Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae)

The involvement of photosynthesis in inducing bud formation on excised leaf segments of Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae) Plant & Cell Physiol. 19(5): 791-799 (1978) The involvement of photosynthesis in inducing bud formation on excised leaf of Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae) Yukio Kato Biological Laboratory, Fukui University,

More information

REGENERATION COMPETENCE OF AN ORNAMENTALLY IMPORTANT EPIPHYTIC ORCHID, RHYNCHOSTYLIS GIGANTEA (LINDL.) RIDL. THROUGH LEAF SEGMENTS: A STUDY IN VITRO

REGENERATION COMPETENCE OF AN ORNAMENTALLY IMPORTANT EPIPHYTIC ORCHID, RHYNCHOSTYLIS GIGANTEA (LINDL.) RIDL. THROUGH LEAF SEGMENTS: A STUDY IN VITRO J. Orchid Soc. India, 31: 97-101, 2017 ISSN 0971-5371 REGENERATION COMPETENCE OF AN ORNAMENTALLY IMPORTANT EPIPHYTIC ORCHID, RHYNCHOSTYLIS GIGANTEA (LINDL.) RIDL. THROUGH LEAF SEGMENTS: A STUDY IN VITRO

More information

MICROPROPAGATION OF COCONUT THROUGH PLUMULE CULTURE

MICROPROPAGATION OF COCONUT THROUGH PLUMULE CULTURE COCOS (2004), 16, 01-10 Printed in Sri Lanka MICROPROPAGATION OF COCONUT THROUGH PLUMULE CULTURE S C Fernando, L K Weerakoon and T R Gunathilake Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, Sh Lanka ABSTRACT

More information

Effect of some root associative bacteria on germination of seeds, nitrogenase activity and dry matter production by rice plants

Effect of some root associative bacteria on germination of seeds, nitrogenase activity and dry matter production by rice plants Journal of crop and weed 2(2) : 47-51 (2006) Effect of some root associative bacteria on germination of seeds, nitrogenase activity and dry matter production by rice plants A. C. DAS AND S. C. KOLE Department

More information

Useful Propagation Terms. Propagation The application of specific biological principles and concepts in the multiplication of plants.

Useful Propagation Terms. Propagation The application of specific biological principles and concepts in the multiplication of plants. Useful Propagation Terms Propagation The application of specific biological principles and concepts in the multiplication of plants. Adventitious Typically describes new organs such as roots that develop

More information

CALLUS INDUCTION AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM MAIZE MATURE EMBRYOS (ZEA MAYS L.)

CALLUS INDUCTION AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM MAIZE MATURE EMBRYOS (ZEA MAYS L.) Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 13(1) 3565-3569 (2013) (Available online at www.tcrjournals.com) ISSN: 0973-0028; E-ISSN: 0974-0910 Original Article CALLUS INDUCTION AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

More information

Hapaxanthic Axillary Shoots

Hapaxanthic Axillary Shoots Sudhersan et al.: Haoaxanthic Date Palm Shoots Volume 45(2) 2001 Hapaxanthic Axillary Shoots in Date Palm Plants Grown in vivo and in vitro C. SuournsAN, M. AsoEL-N[ AND J. HUSSem B iote chnol o gy D ep

More information

In Vitro Polyploid Induction of Ophiopogon planiscapus. Dominic A. Gillooly, Darren H. Touchell and Thomas G. Ranney

In Vitro Polyploid Induction of Ophiopogon planiscapus. Dominic A. Gillooly, Darren H. Touchell and Thomas G. Ranney In Vitro Polyploid Induction of Ophiopogon planiscapus Dominic A. Gillooly, Darren H. Touchell and Thomas G. Ranney North Carolina State University, Departement of Horticultural Science Mountain Crop Improvement

More information

Studies on the Light Controlling Flower Initiation of Pharbitis Nil. VI. Effect of Natural Twilight. by Atsushi TAKIMOTO* and Katsuhiko IKEVA*

Studies on the Light Controlling Flower Initiation of Pharbitis Nil. VI. Effect of Natural Twilight. by Atsushi TAKIMOTO* and Katsuhiko IKEVA* Studies on the Light Controlling Flower Initiation of Pharbitis Nil. Received September 9, 1959 VI. Effect of Natural Twilight by Atsushi TAKIMOTO* and Katsuhiko IKEVA* Many investigators consider that

More information

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Growth and Development Plant Growth and Development Growth : An irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell. Growth is accompanied by metabolic process that occurs at the expense

More information

In vitro micropropagation of Eulophia andamanensis A tropical orchid

In vitro micropropagation of Eulophia andamanensis A tropical orchid Serials Publications In vitro micropropagation of Eulophia andamanensis A tropical orchid National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) Rating : 3. 03 In vitro micropropagation of Eulophia andamanensis

More information

Microrhizome and minirhizome production in three high yielding cultivars of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

Microrhizome and minirhizome production in three high yielding cultivars of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 10 (2013) pp. 477-484 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Microrhizome and minirhizome production in three high yielding cultivars of ginger (Zingiber officinale

More information

Getting Started With Orchids About Orchids Orchids in Wisconsin Vanilla Orchids Vanilla Orchids Where Orchids Are Found Orchids In Nature

Getting Started With Orchids About Orchids Orchids in Wisconsin Vanilla Orchids Vanilla Orchids Where Orchids Are Found Orchids In Nature 1 2 Getting Started With Orchids About Orchids The orchid family is the largest plant family Over 35,000 species Every country in the world and every state in the United States, including Alaska, has orchids!

More information

Reduction of Exudates (Browning) in Sugarcane Micro Propagation

Reduction of Exudates (Browning) in Sugarcane Micro Propagation Nig J. Biotech. Vol. 23 (2011) 40-44 ISSN: 0189 17131 Available online at www.biotechsocietynigeria.org. Reduction of Exudates (Browning) in Sugarcane Micro Propagation Ishaq M.N. and Ehirim Bernard O.

More information

Genetic Transformation of the Indonesian Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens for Micropropagation

Genetic Transformation of the Indonesian Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens for Micropropagation Genetic Transformation of the Indonesian Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley) through Agrobacterium tumefaciens for Micropropagation Endang Semiarti 1,2, Ari Indrianto 1, Eko A. Suyono 1, Rizqie

More information

Plant Tissue Culture

Plant Tissue Culture Plant Tissue Culture Emerging Trends Editor T. Pullaiah Department of Botany Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapur 515 003 Andhra Pradesh 2011 REGENCY PUBLICATIONS Delhi - 110 002 iv 2011, AUTHOR ISBN

More information

Evaluation of chemical and physical parameters for callus induction from anther cultures of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

Evaluation of chemical and physical parameters for callus induction from anther cultures of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Evaluation of chemical and physical parameters for callus induction from anther cultures of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Mishra Vijay Kumar a and Chaturvedi Rakhi *a a Department of Biotechnology

More information

Green Culture Singapore Feature Article for June Published on 15 July Text by Lim Xuan Hong

Green Culture Singapore Feature Article for June Published on 15 July Text by Lim Xuan Hong Green Culture Singapore Feature Article for June 2008 Published on 15 July 2008 Text by Lim Xuan Hong Pictures from Lim Xuan Hong & various Internet sources Introduction Above: Flower of Cockle-shell orchid

More information

Local anaesthetic lidocaine modulates epiphyllous bud differentiation in Kalanchoe pinnata

Local anaesthetic lidocaine modulates epiphyllous bud differentiation in Kalanchoe pinnata Plant Growth Regulation 38: 45 49, 2002. 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 45 Local anaesthetic lidocaine modulates epiphyllous bud differentiation in Kalanchoe pinnata N. Sawhney

More information

PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN EUSTOM GRANDIFLOR UM PLANTS TRANSFORMED BY AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES

PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN EUSTOM GRANDIFLOR UM PLANTS TRANSFORMED BY AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN EUSTOM GRANDIFLOR UM PLANTS TRANSFORMED BY AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES GABRIELA POPA', AURELIA BREZEANU~, C. PETRUTA CORNEA', J.P. BOE The effects of inoculation with wild type of Agrobacterium

More information

APICAL DOMINANCE IN FUCUS VESICULOSUS

APICAL DOMINANCE IN FUCUS VESICULOSUS APICAL DOMINANCE IN FUCUS VESICULOSUS BY BETTY MOSS Department of Botany, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Received 2 December 1964) SUMMARY Apical tips of Fucus vesiculosus L. were grown in sterile

More information

ORCHID SEED & TISSUE CULTURE MEDIA RECOMMENDATION GUIDE

ORCHID SEED & TISSUE CULTURE MEDIA RECOMMENDATION GUIDE Helping to Build a Better Tomorrow Through Plant Science TM Technical Support Information ORCHID SEED & TISSUE CULTURE MEDIA RECOMMENDATION GUIDE PhytoTechnology Laboratories offers several media specifically

More information

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT REGENERATION SYSTEMS FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WALNUT. Walt Tu1ecke and Gale McGranahan

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT REGENERATION SYSTEMS FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WALNUT. Walt Tu1ecke and Gale McGranahan THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT REGENERATION SYSTEMS FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WALNUT Walt Tu1ecke and Gale McGranahan ABSTRACT The techniques and capability to regenerate asexual embryos from walnut cotyledon

More information

1( ) 5, dist. 4 5, dist. 3 5, dist. 5 5, dist

1( ) 5, dist. 4 5, dist. 3 5, dist. 5 5, dist and plant regeneration protocols for Brassica napus // International Journal of agriculture & Biology. 2011. Vol. 13. P. 83 88. 10. Gamborg O. L., Miller R. A, Ojima K. Nutrient requirements of suspension

More information

Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222

Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222 Plant Propagation PLS 3221/5222 Dr. Sandra Wilson Dr. Mack Thetford Chapter 2 Introduction to the Biology of Plant Propagation -A review- 1 5. Plant Hormones and Plant development Phytohormones Nt Naturally

More information

Methods of isolation of Cucumis sativus and C. melo pollen grains and their utilization in in vitro pollination 1

Methods of isolation of Cucumis sativus and C. melo pollen grains and their utilization in in vitro pollination 1 Methods of isolation of Cucumis sativus and C. melo pollen grains and their utilization in in vitro pollination 1 D. Skálová *, B. Navrátilová, and A. Lebeda * Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department

More information

Getting Started With Orchids

Getting Started With Orchids Getting Started With Orchids About Orchids The orchid family is the largest plant family Over 35,000 species Every country in the world and every state in the United States, including Alaska, has orchids!

More information

BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Lecture 4 Hormones Pt. I

BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Lecture 4 Hormones Pt. I BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Lecture 4 Hormones Pt. I Dr. Michael Emmerling Department of Botany Room 410 m.emmerling@latrobe.edu.au Hormones and Ghost gum Eucalyptus papuana Coordination ~3 Lectures Leaves

More information

Figure 1. Identification of UGT74E2 as an IBA glycosyltransferase. (A) Relative conversion rates of different plant hormones to their glucosylated

Figure 1. Identification of UGT74E2 as an IBA glycosyltransferase. (A) Relative conversion rates of different plant hormones to their glucosylated Figure 1. Identification of UGT74E2 as an IBA glycosyltransferase. (A) Relative conversion rates of different plant hormones to their glucosylated form by recombinant UGT74E2. The naturally occurring auxin

More information

) ON SEED GERMINATION OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA L.

) ON SEED GERMINATION OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA L. Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2013 P Saritha and A Sreeramulu, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2013 2013 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID

More information

Changes of alkaloids in Tibetan medicine Przewalskia tangutica during tissue culture and differentiation of its stem rapid propagation system

Changes of alkaloids in Tibetan medicine Przewalskia tangutica during tissue culture and differentiation of its stem rapid propagation system 386 1, 2, 3 1 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3* 4 4 1 1. 818 2. 818 3. 149 4. 8116 Przewalskia tangutica 3 d 2 3 cm HPLC 4 MS 6-BA 2. mg/l NAA.5 mg/l 96.67% MS NAA.5 mg/l 71.67% HPLC 4 141.25 μg/g R282.21 A 253-267(215)2-386

More information

Class XI Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development Biology

Class XI Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development Biology Question 1: Define growth, differentiation, development, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, determinate growth, meristem and growth rate. (a) Growth It is an irreversible and permanent process, accomplished

More information

Toxic Effect of Lead Concentrations on Lantana camara Tissue Cultured Plantlets

Toxic Effect of Lead Concentrations on Lantana camara Tissue Cultured Plantlets 2015 IJSRSET Volume 1 Issue 1 Print ISSN : 2395-1990 Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section : Science Toxic Effect of Lead Concentrations on Lantana camara Tissue Cultured Plantlets Ashwini A. Waoo *1,

More information

Class XI Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development Biology

Class XI Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development Biology Question 1: Define growth, differentiation, development, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, determinate growth, meristem and growth rate. (a) Growth It is an irreversible and permanent process, accomplished

More information

PLANT HORMONES-Introduction

PLANT HORMONES-Introduction PLANT HORMONES-Introduction By convention hormone are said to be a substances whose site of synthesis and site of action are different; the two events are separated by space and time. Hormones are known

More information

A classroom exercise in hand pollination and in vitro asymbiotic orchid seed germination

A classroom exercise in hand pollination and in vitro asymbiotic orchid seed germination Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult (2008) 93:223 230 DOI 10.1007/s11240-008-9365-1 ORIGINAL PAPER A classroom exercise in hand pollination and in vitro asymbiotic orchid seed germination Philip J. Kauth Æ Timothy

More information

Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, Brazil

Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, Brazil General and Applied Plant Physiology 2010, Volume 36 (3 4), pp. 183 188 2010 ISSN 1312-8183 Published by the Institute of Plant Physiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Available online at http://www.bio21.bas.bg/ipp/

More information

Plant Responses. NOTE: plant responses involve growth and changes in growth. Their movement is much slower than that of animals.

Plant Responses. NOTE: plant responses involve growth and changes in growth. Their movement is much slower than that of animals. Plant Responses A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction in an organism. Examples: light, gravity and temperature A response is the activity of an organism as a result of a stimulus. Examples: Growth,

More information

CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology) CHAPTER-15 PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology) CHAPTER-15 PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology) CHAPTER-15 PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Root, stem leaves, flower, fruits and seeds arise in orderly manner in plants. The sequence of growth is as follows-

More information

DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF THE EDAPHIC ECOTYPES IN CYNODON DACTYLON (L)

DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF THE EDAPHIC ECOTYPES IN CYNODON DACTYLON (L) DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF THE EDAPHIC ECOTYPES IN CYNODON DACTYLON (L) PERS. TO SOIL CALCIUM BY P. S. RAMAKRISHNAN* AND VIJAY K. SINGH Department of Botany, Panjab University, -^, India {Received 24 April

More information

Cutting Propagation. Is the clonal multiplication of plants with propagules of stems, leaves or roots.

Cutting Propagation. Is the clonal multiplication of plants with propagules of stems, leaves or roots. Principles of Propagation by Cuttings Dr. Fred Davies Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Cutting Propagation Shoot Adventitious Buds & Shoots Bud Is the clonal

More information

APICAL DOMINANCE IN TUBERS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. )

APICAL DOMINANCE IN TUBERS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. ) MAURI ORA, 1976, 4: 53-59 53 APICAL DOMINANCE IN TUBERS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. ) N. LALLU and J.A. McWHA Department of Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. ABSTRACT Apical

More information

6086, Riyadh Saudi Arabic. 'University of Nottingham, School of Biological Sciences. Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough Leics LEI2 3RD, UK

6086, Riyadh Saudi Arabic. 'University of Nottingham, School of Biological Sciences. Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough Leics LEI2 3RD, UK > fc ^ THE EFFECT OF AUXINS AND ETHYLENE ON LEAF ABSCISSION OF FICUS BENJAMINA V d: N.S. AL-KHALIFAH1 and P.G. ALDERSON2 King Abdulaziz dry for Science and Technology- (KACST). P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442.

More information

The Effect of Different levels and kinds of Cytokinins on Buds proliferation of Iraqian Date Palm Cultiver (Barhi) In vitro

The Effect of Different levels and kinds of Cytokinins on Buds proliferation of Iraqian Date Palm Cultiver (Barhi) In vitro The Effect of Different levels and kinds of Cytokinins on Buds proliferation of Iraqian Date Palm Cultiver (Barhi) In vitro A. A. H. Al-Khalisi Department of Biology, College of Education Ibn Al-Haitham,

More information

CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS

CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS AP BIOLOGY PLANTS FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #5 NAME DATE HOUR CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS HORMONES MECHANISM FOR HORMONE ACTION Plant Form and Function Activity #5 page 1 CONTROL OF CELL ELONGATION Plant

More information

Potential application of urea-derived herbicides as cytokinins in plant tissue culture

Potential application of urea-derived herbicides as cytokinins in plant tissue culture Monuron and diuron as growth regulators 599 Potential application of urea-derived herbicides as cytokinins in plant tissue culture MALATHI SRIIVASA 1, VASATHI ACHIAPPA 2, and RAM RAJASEKHARA 1, * 1 Department

More information

Effect of red, far-red radiations on germination of cotton seed

Effect of red, far-red radiations on germination of cotton seed Plant & Cell Physiol. 12: 411-415 (1971) Effect of red, far-red radiations on germination of cotton seed GURBAKSH SINGH and O. P. GARG Department of Botany, Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India

More information

Title Allantoin by Inosine in Nutrient So. Author(s) Toshihiro; Yokoi, Daisuke; Osaki, M

Title Allantoin by Inosine in Nutrient So. Author(s) Toshihiro; Yokoi, Daisuke; Osaki, M Title Rice Root Growth with Increasing in Allantoin by Inosine in Nutrient So Author(s) Tokuhisa, Dai; Okazaki, Keiki; Shin Toshihiro; Yokoi, Daisuke; Osaki, M Citation The Proceedings of the Internationa

More information

EFFECT OF POLLINATION TIME AND CROSSING RATIO ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF BRINJAL HYBRID UNDER DHARWAD REGION OF KARNATAKA

EFFECT OF POLLINATION TIME AND CROSSING RATIO ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF BRINJAL HYBRID UNDER DHARWAD REGION OF KARNATAKA Indian J. Agric. Res., 42 (1) : 7-12, 2008 EFFECT OF POLLINATION TIME AND CROSSING RATIO ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF BRINJAL HYBRID UNDER DHARWAD REGION OF KARNATAKA Shivashankaragouda B. Patil, M.N.

More information

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA L. ON SPERMOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA L. ON SPERMOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2013 P Saritha and A Sreeramulu, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2013 2013 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF

More information

RESPONSE OF BLACK GRAM (PHASEOLUS MUNGO L.) TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE

RESPONSE OF BLACK GRAM (PHASEOLUS MUNGO L.) TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE RESPONSE OF BLACK GRAM (PHASEOLUS MUNGO L.) TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE Abrar Ahmad Khan 1, Iram 2 and Mustabeen 3 1,2,3 Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh- 202002, India Abstract A pot experiment

More information

Organogenesis and Embryogenesis

Organogenesis and Embryogenesis Organogenesis and Embryogenesis Medium and growth conditions are manipulated to obtain a complete plant from explant through either organogenesis or embryogenesis; both of them may be direct or following

More information

Callogenesis and Organogenesis from Inflorescence Segments of Curcuma Alismatifolia and Curcuma Hybrid Laddawan

Callogenesis and Organogenesis from Inflorescence Segments of Curcuma Alismatifolia and Curcuma Hybrid Laddawan 2013 American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences. American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences http://tuengr.com/ateas, http://get.to/research Anchalee Jala a* Callogenesis and Organogenesis

More information

Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture

Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture SUB Gdttingen 206 384661 Mark Brundrett, Neale Bougher, Bernie Dell, Tim Grove and Nick Malajczuk CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. MYCORRHIZAL

More information

Effect of Acetosyringone on Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Eustoma grandiflorum Leaf Disks

Effect of Acetosyringone on Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Eustoma grandiflorum Leaf Disks JARQ 51 (4), 351-355 (2017) https://www.jircas.go.jp Improvement in Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Eustoma grandiflorum by Acetosyringone Effect of Acetosyringone on Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation

More information

Horticulture 201H Spring, 2002 Exam 2 Name:

Horticulture 201H Spring, 2002 Exam 2 Name: Horticulture 201H Spring, 2002 Exam 2 Name: Section 1. In the space to the left of the statements below, write the word(s) that best fit the definition or description. (20 pts) Vegetative reproduction

More information

PERENNATION IN CUSCUTA REFLEXA ROXB.

PERENNATION IN CUSCUTA REFLEXA ROXB. [474] PERENNATION IN CUSCUTA REFLEXA ROXB. BY L. NARAYANA RAO Central College, University of Mysore, Bangalore (With I figure in the text) INTRODUCTION uscuta is a common parasite in several parts of India.

More information

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey Bangladesh J. Bot. 46(2): 559-564, 2017 (June) IN VITRO SEED GERMINATION OF CYCAS REVOLUTA THUNB. HATICE DEMIRAY *, AYLIN EŞIZ DEREBOYLU, ZEKIYE IŞIN YAZICI, SIMAY BILDIK, KADIR BÜLBÜL, SERDAR GÖKHAN ŞENOL

More information

WORKSHEET-8 BIOLOGY (PLANT GROWTH &

WORKSHEET-8 BIOLOGY (PLANT GROWTH & DATE : / / 2018. TOTAL MARKS: 304 M DURATION: 6 HR General Instruction: - All questions are compulsory. The question paper consists of 88 questions divided into five sections. Section -I comprises of 60

More information

25-3 Plant Adaptations Slide 2 of 29

25-3 Plant Adaptations Slide 2 of 29 2 of 29 Aquatic Plants How are plants adapted to different environments? 3 of 29 Aquatic Plants Aquatic Plants To take in sufficient oxygen, many aquatic plants have tissues with large air-filled spaces

More information

Endosperm culture double fertilization Corn endosperm

Endosperm culture double fertilization Corn endosperm culture In angiosperms the endosperm is the main nutritive tissue for the embryo. The endosperm is the product of double fertilization during which out of the two male gametes, one fertilizes the egg to

More information

A new report of in vitro flowering and multiple shooting in a wild epiphytic orchid Oberonia recurva Lindl. from asymbiotically germinated seedlings

A new report of in vitro flowering and multiple shooting in a wild epiphytic orchid Oberonia recurva Lindl. from asymbiotically germinated seedlings Plant Knowledge Journal ISSN: 2200-5390 EISSN: 2200-5404 2(3):113-118 (2013) Southern Cross Publishing Group Australia A new report of in vitro flowering and multiple shooting in a wild epiphytic orchid

More information

Chap 5. Differentiation and Development. 1. General Information 2. Plant Growth Hormones 3. Vegetative Physiology 4. Reproductive Physiology

Chap 5. Differentiation and Development. 1. General Information 2. Plant Growth Hormones 3. Vegetative Physiology 4. Reproductive Physiology Chap 5. Differentiation and Development 1. General Information 2. Plant Growth Hormones 3. Vegetative Physiology 4. Reproductive Physiology 1. Process of Differentiation Differential growth in cell and

More information

A TECHNIQUE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION IN ORCHID TISSUE GROWN IN ASEPTIC CULTURE

A TECHNIQUE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION IN ORCHID TISSUE GROWN IN ASEPTIC CULTURE . (1981) 87, 527-535 527 A TECHNIQUE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION IN ORCHID TISSUE GROWN IN ASEPTIC CULTURE BY JANE BEARDMORE* AND G. F. PEGG Department of Horticulture, University of

More information

Effect of gibberellic acid treatments on flowering of avocado

Effect of gibberellic acid treatments on flowering of avocado South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 2000. 23:43-45 Effect of gibberellic acid treatments on flowering of avocado T Rossouw 1,2, PJ Robbertse 2, S Kremer-Köhne 1 and JS Köhne 1 1 Merensky

More information

INDUCTION OF IN VITRO FLOWERING OF INDONESIAN WILD ORCHID, Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume

INDUCTION OF IN VITRO FLOWERING OF INDONESIAN WILD ORCHID, Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume ISSN 2413-0877 Volume 2 (2015) 398-404 The 3rd International Conference on Biological Science 2013 (The 3rd ICBS-2013) INDUCTION OF IN VITRO FLOWERING OF INDONESIAN WILD ORCHID, Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.)

More information

(Dracaena) Dracaena marginata. Kinetin 2,4-D NAA.

(Dracaena) Dracaena marginata. Kinetin 2,4-D NAA. ISC - 3 2 1 1 1392 /08/05 : 1391/09/07 : 2 3 (Dracaena). Dracaena marginata Tricolor. 0/5 cm. 10 15 (%1/5 %1/25 %1 ) MS Kinetin NAA 2,4-D... 15 %1/25 0/5 mgl -1 MS Kinetin 1 mgl -1 NAA 1 mgl -1 2,4-D.

More information

plant physiology and energy conversion to plant systems. identify the components and the functions of plant describe the processes of

plant physiology and energy conversion to plant systems. identify the components and the functions of plant describe the processes of Plant Systems-AG1 Essential Questions: 1. How do plant classification, plant anatomy, and plant physiology affect the production and management of plants? 2. What are the necessary steps to Prepare and

More information

PHYSIOLOGY. Plant Hormones Alter Fiber Initiation in Unfertilized, Cultured Ovules of Gossypium hirsutum. Sofia Gialvalis and Robert W.

PHYSIOLOGY. Plant Hormones Alter Fiber Initiation in Unfertilized, Cultured Ovules of Gossypium hirsutum. Sofia Gialvalis and Robert W. The Journal of Cotton Science 5:252-258 (2001) http://journal.cotton.org, The Cotton Foundation 2001 252 PHYSIOLOGY Plant Hormones Alter Fiber Initiation in Unfertilized, Cultured Ovules of Gossypium hirsutum

More information

(endosperm and scutellum) of Avena seedlings greatly reduces the production EFFECT OF THE ROOTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF A UXIN BY

(endosperm and scutellum) of Avena seedlings greatly reduces the production EFFECT OF THE ROOTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF A UXIN BY 272 PHYSIOLOGY: J. V. OVERBEEK Laboratory, and especially Mr. Philip Abelson, who determined the activity of the various phosphorus samples. We appreciate the interest of Dr. John Lawrence and Mr. Paul

More information

Effects of Day-length and Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Flowering and Endogenous Hormone Levels in Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl.

Effects of Day-length and Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Flowering and Endogenous Hormone Levels in Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. Effects of Day-length and Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Flowering and Endogenous Hormone Levels in Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. B. Phengphachanh (Correspondence author) Ph.D Student, (Hort.) Dept.

More information

EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF CITRUS

EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF CITRUS EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF CITRUS HOS 6545 ADVANCED CITRICULTURE I Regulation of Vegetative Growth L. GENE ALBRIGO Smith, P.F. 1976. Collapse of Murcott tangerine trees. J. Amer. Soc.

More information

Effect of high temperature exposure time during ower bud formation on the occurrence of double pistils in `Satohnishiki' sweet cherry

Effect of high temperature exposure time during ower bud formation on the occurrence of double pistils in `Satohnishiki' sweet cherry Scientia Horticulturae 87 (2001) 77±84 Effect of high temperature exposure time during ower bud formation on the occurrence of double pistils in `Satohnishiki' sweet cherry Kenji Beppu *, Takayuki Ikeda,

More information

Received 23 July 2014; received in revised form 25 October 2014; accepted 14 November 2014.

Received 23 July 2014; received in revised form 25 October 2014; accepted 14 November 2014. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 52 (2) : 149-153, 2014 149 Short Communication Genetic transformation in Artemesia annua L. for hairy root induction and enhancement of secondary metabolites V.M. Shaneeja*,

More information

Plants are sessile. 10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg

Plants are sessile.   10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg Plants are sessile www.mccullagh.org/db9/ 10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg Plants have distinct requirements because of their sessile nature Organism-level requirements Must adjust to environment at given location

More information

ESTABLISHMENT OF SUGAR PALM (Arenga pinnata) SHOOT FROM ZYGOTIC EMBRYO IN MS MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZYLAMINOPURINE

ESTABLISHMENT OF SUGAR PALM (Arenga pinnata) SHOOT FROM ZYGOTIC EMBRYO IN MS MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZYLAMINOPURINE Malays. Appl. Biol. (2015) 44(4): 31 35 ESTABLISHMENT OF SUGAR PALM (Arenga pinnata) SHOOT FROM ZYGOTIC EMBRYO IN MS MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZYLAMINOPURINE NUR SURAYA ABDULLAH

More information