1 What Are Adaptations?

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1 1 What re? can be broadly classified into behavioural adaptations and structural adaptations. Study the pictures and descriptions of the animals below carefully and match them with the type(s) of adaptation these animals have. The modified body of a stick insect allows it to hide from predators. Fennec fox hibernates during the long cold winter months. chameleon changes colour to attract a mate. Geese migrate to warmer countries to escape winter. Structural adaptation Behavioural adaptation The oar-like legs of a water boatman help propel it in water lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade 6 285

2 2 How re nimals dapted to Their nvironment? Classify the animals below according to how they breathe in water in the table provided. Humpback whale Tadpole Shrimp Water boatman Wriggler Dolphin Water scorpion Great diving beetle Methods of breathing in water ir bubble Gills ungs Breathing tube 286 dditional Teacher s esources 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td

3 3 How re Plants dapted to Their nvironment? Seeds are dispersed from their parent plants mainly by these four methods: By animals By wind By water By splitting Study the plants and seeds below and write down below each picture the method by which the seeds are dispersed from the parent plant. Burdock Saga seeds Maple seeds Coconut aspberries allang pples Mangrove seedling Squirting cucumber 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade 6 287

4 4 How re Different Organisms Suited to Their Habitats? The grassland is a warm and dry habitat. Fill in the blanks below to describe how each organism has adapted to surviving in this environment. cacia trees cacia trees have long that grow deep underground. The trees have developed long sharp to discourage animals from eating their leaves. Cheetah The cheetah has powerful that enable it to run fast to catch its prey. ts body also with its surroundings so that it is unseen by its prey. ts sharp and can grip and tear the flesh of its prey easily. Zebra The zebra eats that grows in abundance in this habitat. The on its body help it to blend in with its surroundings. t confuses its predators by living in a with other zebras as protection. 288 dditional Teacher s esources 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td

5 Fun and Games Crossword Puzzle! Complete the crossword puzzle using the clues given below lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade 6 289

6 Down: 1. adaptation refers to the way an organism behaves to stay alive in its environment. 3. The penguin has a body that helps it to move quickly in water. 4. nimals that breathe through can take in oxygen from the water. 5. eopard spots make an excellent that enables the leopard to hide from unsuspecting prey. 6. The leaves of most aquatic plants are waxy to keep them. 9. The bones of birds that can fly are, reducing their body weight. 11. The pea plant uses its that coil to climb structures for support. 13. Seeds that are dispersed by are usually small and light. cross: 2. When a brown bear during winter, it goes into a deep sleep where its heart rate slows down and its body temperature drops. 7. Salmon are fish that live in the sea and to fresh water to reproduce. 8. adaptation refers to a physical feature of an organism that helps it to survive in its environment. 10. When a butterfly gets nectar from flowers, it also helps to the flowers. 12. The whale has a at the top of its head through which it breathes in air. 290 dditional Teacher s esources 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td

7 xam Practice Process skills: Observing, nalysing ri tried to grow Plant X, shown below, in a desert. The plant died a few days later. Plant X few days later a. State two features of Plant X that made it unsuitable for surviving in the desert. [2 marks] b. xplain your answer in a. 2 marks] Hint: How do the features mentioned in a affect Plant X in terms of its tendency to lose water to the surroundings and its ability to absorb water? 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade 6 291

8 1 dditional Teacher s esources The oar-like legs of a water boatman help propel it in water. Geese migrate to warmer countries to escape winter. chameleon changes colour to attract a mate. Fennec fox hibernates during the long cold winter months. The modified body of a stick insect allows it to hide from predators. Behavioural adaptation Structural adaptation can be broadly classified into behavioural adaptations and structural adaptations. Study the pictures and descriptions of the animals below carefully and match them with the type(s) of adaptation these animals have. What re? nswers to dditional Teacher s esources Chapter lston Publishing House Pte td 2 Dolphin Shrimp Gills Shrimp Tadpole Water boatman Great diving beetle Humpback whale Dolphin ungs Methods of breathing in water ir bubble Water scorpion Water boatman Humpback whale Wriggler Water scorpion Breathing tube Great diving beetle Wriggler Tadpole Classify the animals below according to how they breathe in water in the table provided. How re nimals dapted to Their nvironment? nswers to dditional Teacher s esources

9 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade By animals Mangrove seedling By water By water pples By animals By splitting Squirting cucumber By wind allang By wind Maple seeds nswers to dditional Teacher s esources aspberries By splitting By animals Coconut Saga seeds Burdock Study the plants and seeds below and write down below each picture the method by which the seeds are dispersed from the parent plant. Seeds are dispersed from their parent plants mainly by these four methods: By animals By wind By water By splitting How re Plants dapted to Their nvironment? 4 roots cacia trees have long that grow deep underground. The trees have thorns to developed long sharp discourage animals from eating their leaves. Zebra nswers to dditional Teacher s esources grass The zebra eats that grows in stripes abundance in this habitat. The on its body help it to blend in with its surroundings. t confuses its predators by group with other zebras living in a as protection. legs The cheetah has powerful that enable it to run fast to catch its prey. ts body also camouflages with its surroundings so that it is unseen by its prey. ts sharp teeth claws and can grip and tear the flesh of its prey easily. Cheetah cacia trees The grassland is a warm and dry habitat. Fill in the blanks below to describe how each organism has adapted to surviving in this environment. How re Different Organisms Suited to Their Habitats?

10 Crossword Puzzle! dditional Teacher s esources 8 S 6 B M 13 7 O W B F O 9 O H G N T 3 D N M T S 11 D N T S G F U O M C 5 T N O W D H P S G U P T H C 2 O U O T V H B W 1 Complete the crossword puzzle using the clues given below. Fun and Games nswers to dditional Teacher s esources Chapter lston Publishing House Pte td cross: during winter, it goes into a deep sleep where its 2. When a brown bear heart rate slows down and its body temperature drops. to fresh water to reproduce. 7. Salmon are fish that live in the sea and 8. adaptation refers to a physical feature of an organism that helps it to survive in its environment. the flowers. 10. When a butterfly gets nectar from flowers, it also helps to 12. The whale has a at the top of its head through which it breathes in air. Down: adaptation refers to the way an organism behaves to stay alive in its 1. environment. body that helps it to move quickly in water. 3. The penguin has a 4. nimals that breathe through can take in oxygen from the water. that enables the leopard to hide from 5. eopard spots make an excellent unsuspecting prey.. 6. The leaves of most aquatic plants are waxy to keep them, reducing their body weight. 9. The bones of birds that can fly are that coil to climb structures for support. 11. The pea plant uses its are usually small and light. 13. Seeds that are dispersed by nswers to dditional Teacher s esources

11 xam Practice Process skills: Observing, nalysing ri tried to grow Plant X, shown below, in a desert. The plant died a few days later. Plant X few days later a. State two features of Plant X that made it unsuitable for surviving in the desert. [2 marks] arge leaves and short roots. b. xplain your answer in a. 2 marks] Hint: How do the features mentioned The large leaves caused the plant to lose a lot of water in the desert heat. The short roots were not able to absorb enough water from in a affect Plant X in terms of its tendency to lose water to the surroundings and its ability to absorb water? the ground. nswers to dditional Teacher s esources 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade 6 295

12 Glossary Chapter 4: daptation Behavioural adaptation Blowhole Breathing tube Camouflage Climbers Creepers Hibernate special characteristic that an organism has so that it can survive in its habitat The way an organism acts or behaves to survive in its habitat, such as living in groups hole found on the top of the heads of some aquatic animals that they breathe through tube used by some aquatic animals to take in air n organism s ability to blend its body colour, shape or texture to match its surroundings Plants that climb onto supports using their clasping roots Plants that have long and thin stems which grow on the surface of the ground To enter an inactive state in which most body functions are slowed down to conserve energy so as to survive a period of time when food is scarce, especially during winter Migrate Streamlined To move from one location to another periodically or seasonally body shape which many aquatic animals and birds have that allows them to overcome water resistance or air resistance respectively so that they can move with greater speed and ease Structural adaptation Tendrils Venom physical feature of an organism which helps it to survive in its habitat Modified leaves which certain plants have that help them hook onto a support so that they can climb vertically to get more sunlight poisonous substance secreted by animals, such as certain types of snakes and scorpions, usually transmitted through bites or stings 2012 lston Publishing House Pte td Science SMT Teacher s Guide Grade 6 297