Lec 9: Calvin Cycle & CO 2 fixation
|
|
- Chad Gilbert
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lec 9: Calvin Cycle & CO 2 fixation Reference material Biochemistry 4 th edition, Mathews, Van Holde, Appling, Anthony Cahill. Pearson ISBN: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4 th edition, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox. W. H. Freeman ISBN: The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle Carbon rearrangement C5 C5 C5 C5 C1 X 3 C7 C7 C4 C5 C6 C6 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 1
2 The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle Preparation of CO 2 acceptor Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (Ru1,5BP) Ribulose 5 phosphate (we saw this previously in pentose phosphate pathway) is activated by ATP to Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (Ru1,5BP or RuBP) ATP ADP + Pi 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 2
3 The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle Stage I 1: Carbon Dioxide Fixation using Rubisco The acceptor molecule for CO 2 is ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP), which is ATP activated from ribulose 5 phosphate (Ru5P). CO 2 from the air diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast, where it is added at the carbonyl carbon of RuBP. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase, also known as ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (or rubisco). This enzyme is one of the most important in the biosphere and certainly the most abundant. It makes up about 15% of all chloroplast proteins, and there are an estimated 40 million tons of it in the world about 20 pounds for every living person. 4 types of rubisco have been identified in nature. The most common type contains large (~50 kda) and small (~15 kda) subunits. 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 3
4 Rubisco reaction Rubisco first deprotonate α Hydrogen of Carbon #3, forming the enediolate intermediate, which is the receptor for CO 2. Rubisco reaction Rubisco catalyzes carboxylation of Ru1,5BP at original carbonyl carbon (Carbon #2), forming a carboxy-β-keto intermediate. 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 4
5 Rubisco reaction Water then hydrates the carbonyl carbon of the carboxy β keto intermediate. Rubisco reaction Cleavage is facilitated by protonation by an active site acid (HB Enz) Net reaction of Rubisco is: 1 Ru1,5BP + 1 CO 2 2 3PG C5 C1 X 2 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 5
6 Active site of rubisco: This model is based on the X ray structure of spinach rubisco complexed with Mg 2+ and the transition state analog 2 carboxy Darabinitol 1,5 bisphosphate (2CABP). Mg2+ is involved in Ru1,5BP binding and activating the H2O that hydrates the carboxy β keto intermediate. The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 6
7 Stage I 2: converting 3PG to G3P 3PG to G3P is the same as gluconeogenesis with one exception. Each molecule of 3PG is phosphorylated by ATP, in a reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase. The 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate so produced is then reduced to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (GAP), with accompanying loss of one phosphate. EXCEPTION: The reducing agent is NADPH (as opposed to NADH in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis), produced in the light reaction, and the reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase: The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle KEY concept here: Ru1,5BP + 3 CO 2 2 x 3PG runs 3 times 3PG + 1 ATP + 1 NADPH G3P runs 6 times NET Calvin cycle occurs in these 3 Reactions!! 3 CO ATP + 6 NADPH 1 G3P *note: G3P = DHAP (triose isomerase) 3PG + 1 ATP + 1 NADPH G3P runs 6 times Because 5 G3P needs to recycle back to make the 3 x Ru1,5BP 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 7
8 The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle The Dark Reactions: The Calvin Cycle Stage II: Regeneration of the Acceptor To complete the Calvin cycle, it is necessary to regenerate enough Ru1,5BP to keep the cycle going. Ru1,5BP is derived from Ru5P. This means that we need to regenerate 3 moles of Ru5P for every 3 moles of CO 2 fixed. This is accomplished by the set of reactions, which constitute the regenerative phase (carbon rearrangement) of the cycle. To regenerate 3 moles of Ru1,5BP. (15 carbons), We need to use 5 moles of G3P (15 carbons) of the 5 moles of, 2 are DHAP 3 are G3P Therefore, Net reaction of this carbon rearrangement: 2 DHAP + 3 G3P 3 Ru5P 2 x 3 x 3 x C5 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 8
9 Regenerative phase Carbon rearrangement aldolase To make 1 glucose, take what we talked about x 2 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 9
10 Combining light and dark reaction Recall that light reaction: NET: 8 photons + 2 H 2 O + 2 NADP ADP + 3 Pi O NADPH + 3 ATP Now we saw dark reaction: X 3 NET: 3 CO NADPH + 9 ATP G3P So we can say. NET: 24 photons + 3 CO H 2 O G3P + 3 O 2 Recall that 2x G3P can be used to make 1 glucose How many photons are used to make 1 glucose? Photorespiration side and unwanted reaction of rubisco Rubisco is far a way from being a perfect enzyme. it s relatively slow enzyme with kcat about 2s 1. Under normal environmental conditions, it can behave as an oxygenase as well as a carboxylase. In the oxygenase reaction, it is proposed that the enediolate intermediate nucleophilically attacks O 2 instead of CO 2. This is Photorespiration 2 phosphoglycolate is produced instead of 3PG 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 10
11 Photorespiration consumes extra ATP, NADH, and O 2. If O 2 was used by Rubisco, then cell has to spend extra energy to metabolize this by product! 1. Ru1,5BP is lose from Calvin cycle 2. Fixation of CO 2 is reversed: O 2 is consumed and CO 2 is released 3. Only a part (75%) of the carbon is returned to the chloroplast NADH 4. ATP is expended. *note in this Glycine to Serine step, 2 glycine make 1 serine + CO 2 Fighting photorespiration! C4 plants Malate is used as a shuttle to transport CO 2 into bundle sheath cell, increasing CO 2 concentration there. C4 plants utilize 2 extra ATP for every CO 2 fixed. 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 11
12 Where photo energy are lost in photosynthesis? Xin Guang Zhu, Stephen P Long, Donald R Ort, What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass?, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Volume 19, Issue 2, April 2008, Pages , ISSN , Photosynthetic efficiency as a function of CO 2 concentration Xin Guang Zhu, Stephen P Long, Donald R Ort, What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass?, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Volume 19, Issue 2, April 2008, Pages , ISSN , 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 12
13 Cyanobacteria uses protein cage Carboxysome to increase CO 2 concentration around Rubisco Walter Bonacci, Poh K. Teng, Bruno Afonso, Henrike Niederholtmeyer, Patricia Grob, Pamela A. Silver, and David F. Savage. Modularity of a carbon fixing protein organelle. PNAS (2) ; published ahead of print December 19, 2011, doi: /pnas Cyanobacteria uses protein cage Carboxysome to increase CO 2 concentration around Rubisco Diameter around 100 nm Tsai Y, Sawaya MR, Cannon GC, Cai F, Williams EB, Heinhorst S, Kerfeld CA, Yeates TO - PLoS biology - Tsai Y, Sawaya MR, Cannon GC, et al (June 2007). "Structural analysis of CsoS1A and the protein shell of the Halothiobacillus neapolitanus carboxysome". PLoS Biol. 5 (6): e144. DOI: /journal.pbio PMID PMC: 國立交通大學生物科技學系蘭宜錚老師 13
BCH Graduate Survey of Biochemistry
BCH 5045 Graduate Survey of Biochemistry Instructor: Charles Guy Producer: Ron Thomas Director: Marsha Durosier Lecture 55 Slide sets available at: http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/teach/guyweb/bch5045/index.html
More informationOxidative Phosphorylation versus. Photophosphorylation
Photosynthesis Oxidative Phosphorylation versus Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation Electrons from the reduced cofactors NADH and FADH 2 are passed to proteins in the respiratory chain. In eukaryotes,
More informationChapter 8 Photosynthesis
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis 8-1 NRG and Living Things n Where does the NRG we use come from. n Directly or indirectly from the sun n Plants get their NRG directly from the sun n How? n Plants use photosynthesis
More informationAssimilation of Carbon in Plants
Module 0210101: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Cell Lecture 18 Assimilation of Carbon in Plants Dale Sanders 17 March 2009 Objectives By the end of the lecture you should understand: 1. How
More informationPhotosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Name the processes which take place in the grana and stroma regions of chloroplasts? A: Grana Light reactions. Trapping light energy, synthesizing
More informationWhere does most of our society s energy come from (think of fossil fuels), how does that energy become fixed for human use?
Where does most of our society s energy come from (think of fossil fuels), how does that energy become fixed for human use? The Photosynthesis equation 6 CO 2 + 12 H 2 O + Light energy C 6 H 12 O 6 +
More informationChapter 5: Photosynthesis: The Energy of Life pg : Alternative Mechanisms of Carbon Fixation pg
UNIT 2: Metabolic Processes Chapter 5: Photosynthesis: The Energy of Life pg. 210-240 5.4: Alternative Mechanisms of Carbon Fixation pg. 231 234 Photosynthesis requires reactants; CO 2 and H 2 O, to produce
More informationMechanism of CO 2 Fixation: Rubisco Step 1
dark means light-indendent! The Dark Reaction: Carbon Fixation Requires Rubisco: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase RuBPi + C 6 x 3PG MW = 550, 000 g/mol Subunits eight small (14,000 g/mol) eight large
More informationPhotosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle
Whoops! Wrong Calvin 1950s 1961 Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Remember what it means to be a plant Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
More informationChapter 5: Photosynthesis: The Energy of Life pg : Pathways of Photosynthesis pg
UNIT 2: Metabolic Processes Chapter 5: Photosynthesis: The Energy of Life pg. 210-240 5.2: Pathways of Photosynthesis pg. 220-228 Light Dependent Reactions Photosystem II and I are the two light capturing
More informationSection A2: The Pathways of Photosynthesis
CHAPTER 10 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Section A2: The Pathways of Photosynthesis 4. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar: a closer look 5. Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved
More informationEnergy Conversions. Photosynthesis. Plants. Chloroplasts. Plant Pigments 10/13/2014. Chapter 10 Pg
Energy Conversions Photosynthesis Chapter 10 Pg. 184 205 Life on Earth is solar-powered by autotrophs Autotrophs make their own food and have no need to consume other organisms. They are the ultimate source
More informationNOTES: CH 10, part 3 Calvin Cycle (10.3) & Alternative Mechanisms of C-Fixation (10.4)
NOTES: CH 10, part 3 Calvin Cycle (10.3) & Alternative Mechanisms of C-Fixation (10.4) 10.3 - The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO 2 to sugar The Calvin cycle, like the citric acid cycle,
More informationC-4 PATHWAY USMAN SUMO FRIEND TAMBUNAN ARLI ADITYA PARIKESIT EVI KRISTIN WULANDARI
C-4 PATHWAY USMAN SUMO FRIEND TAMBUNAN ARLI ADITYA PARIKESIT EVI KRISTIN WULANDARI BIOINFORMATICS GROUP DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA C-4 Plants The
More informationChapter 10. Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost
More informationLecture 9: Photosynthesis
Lecture 9: Photosynthesis I. Characteristics of Light A. Light is composed of particles that travel as waves 1. Comprises a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum B. Radiation varies in wavelength
More information(A) Calvin cycle (B) Cyclic electron transfer (C) Non-cyclic electron transfer (D) Photorespiration (E) Cellular respiration
AP Biology - Problem Drill 08: Photosynthesis No. 1 of 10 #01 1. What term does the statement below refer to? In a photosynthesis process, an electron is excited from P700 and delivered to its receptor,
More informationPhotosynthesis in Detail. 3/19/2014 Averett
Photosynthesis in Detail 1 In photosynthesis many chemical reactions, enzymes and ions work together in a precise order. Enzymes Biological catalyst Substance that initiates or speeds up the rate of a
More informationCh. 10 Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air
Ch. 10 Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air 2007-2008 Whoops! Wrong Calvin The Calvin Cycle 1950s 1961 Remember what it means to be a plant Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for
More informationAP Biology. Chloroplasts: sites of photosynthesis in plants
The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to
More informationVital metabolism for survival of life in the earth. Prof Adinpunya Mitra Agricultural & Food Engineering Department
Vital metabolism for survival of life in the earth Prof Adinpunya Mitra Agricultural & Food Engineering Department THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Almost all
More informationChapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, certain other
More informationKey Concept Question concerning the Calvin Cycle: How do sugarcane plants and saguaro cacti avoid the wasteful side effects of photorespiration?
Bioc 460 - Dr. Miesfeld Spring 2008 Calvin Cycle and C4/CAM Pathways Supplemental Reading Key Concepts - Three stages of the Calvin Cycle Stage 1: Fixation of CO2 to form 3-phosphoglycerate Stage 2: Reduction
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationPhotosynthesis. Nearly all of the usable energy on this planet came, at one time or another, from the sun by the process of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Nearly all of the usable energy on this planet came, at one time or another, from the sun by the process of photosynthesis Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O Pigments
More informationThe summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to
1 The summary equation of photosynthesis including the source and fate of the reactants and products. How leaf and chloroplast anatomy relates to photosynthesis. How photosystems convert solar energy to
More informationPhotosynthesis Review Packet
Photosynthesis Review Packet Model 1 Chloroplast 6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 12 H2O 6 CO2 6 O2 C6H12O6 1. Consider the organelle illustrated in Model 1. a. What is the name of the
More informationPhotosynthesis: Life from Light and Air
Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air 2007-2008 Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy consumers producers Heterotrophs (Animals) get their energy from eating others eat food
More informationA. Structures of PS. Site of PS in plants: mostly in leaves in chloroplasts. Leaf cross section. Vein. Mesophyll CO 2 O 2. Stomata
PS Lecture Outline I. Introduction A. Structures B. Net Reaction II. Overview of PS A. Rxns in the chloroplast B. pigments III. Closer looks A. LD Rxns B. LI Rxns 1. non-cyclic e- flow 2. cyclic e- flow
More informationPhotosynthesis. Excitation of chlorophyll in a chloroplast
Photosynthesis The process of photosynthesis begins with light-absorbing pigments in plant cells. A pigment molecule is able to absorb the energy from light only within a narrow range of wavelengths. In
More informationPhotosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth.
Chapter 5-Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the main route by which that energy enters the biosphere of the Earth. To sustain and power life on Earth, the captured energy has to be released and used in
More information1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Photosynthesis (chapter 12):
1 P a g e h t t p s : / / w w w. c i e n o t e s. c o m / Photosynthesis (chapter 12): Photosynthesis is the fixation of CO 2 and its subsequent reduction to carbohydrate, using hydrogen from water, taking
More information1. Plants and other autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere
1. Plants and other autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere Photosynthesis nourishes almost all of the living world directly or indirectly. All organisms require organic compounds for energy and
More information1. Plants and other autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere
1. Plants and other autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere Photosynthesis nourishes almost all of the living world directly or indirectly. All organisms require organic compounds for energy and
More informationChapter 8: Photosynthesis. Name Block
Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Updated by Chris Chou for Campbell Biology in Focus, 2nd Ed. (Oct. 2017) Name Block This chapter is as challenging as the one you just finished on cellular respiration. However,
More informationLocated in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll have Mg + in the center. Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain
a review Located in the thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll have Mg + in the center. Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue-420 nm and red-660 nm are most important).
More informationLecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun
Lecture Series 13 Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun Photosynthesis: Energy from the Sun A. Identifying Photosynthetic Reactants and Products B. The Two Pathways of Photosynthesis: An Overview C. Properties
More informationChapter 5. The Chloroplast. 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Chapter 5 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis are examples of biological processes that involve matter &
More informationPhotosynthesis Definition and Superficial Overview
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Definition and Superficial Overview Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel
More informationPhotosynthesis: Carbon Reactions. Dr. Obaidur Rahman
Photosynthesis: Carbon Reactions Dr. Obaidur Rahman Topics: Part I THE CALVIN CYCLE The Calvin Cycle Has Three Stages: Carboxylation, Reduction, and Regeneration The Carboxylation of Ribulose Bisphosphate
More informationChapter 10: Photosynthesis
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis This chapter is as challenging as the one you just finished on cellular respiration. However, conceptually it will be a little easier because the concepts learned in Chapter
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 6
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 6 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems Chapter 5 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 1 2 5.1 Matter and Energy Pathways in Living Systems In this section you will:
More informationCHAPTER 13 : PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS K C MEENA PGT BIOLOGY KV VIKASPURI II SHIFT
CHAPTER 13 : PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS K C MEENA PGT BIOLOGY KV VIKASPURI II SHIFT Photosynthesis is a Physic o chemical process, uses light energy to synthesis organic compounds (sugar). Importance
More informationLIGHT DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT REACTIONS
LIGHT DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT REACTIONS Photosynthesis is a two stage process Light dependent reactions o requires DIRECT light energy omakes energy carrier molecules that are used in the dark reaction
More informationMetabolism 2 Photosynthesis
Metabolism 2 Photosynthesis Light energy is trapped in the form of high energy electrons. High energy electrons are used to synthesize ATP and reduce CO 2 to form carbohydrates. Oxygen is produced as a
More informationPhotosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis Overview. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Overview Chapter 8 Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by: cyanobacteria,
More informationBio 111 Study Guide Chapter 8 Photosynthesis
Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 8 Photosynthesis BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the whole chapter from pp. 161-179. Figure 8.16 puts all of the light reactions together for you. Study it and understand it well!
More informationPhotosynthesis Overview
Photosynthesis 1 2 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by Cyanobacteria
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Light Reaction Calvin Cycle
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Reaction Calvin Cycle Photosynthesis Purpose: use energy from light to convert inorganic compounds into organic fuels that have stored potential energy in their carbon bonds Carbon
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationTHE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as are some bacteria and protists Autotrophs generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis Sunlight energy is transformed
More informationPhotosynthesis (Outline)
Photosynthesis (Outline) 1. Overview of photosynthesis 2. Producers, consumers, and decomposers of the ecosystem (source of carbon and energy) 3. Plant structures: organ, tissue, cells, sub-cellular organelle,
More information8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy
BIOL 100 Ch. 8 1 8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis Making food from light energy Photoautotrophs Use CO2 and water to make sugars Made life possible as we know it Provides
More informationLife on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules).
Photosynthesis Life on Earth is solar powered. Photosynthesis => conversion of light energy to chemical energy (stored in sugars and other organic molecules). Organisms obtain organic compounds by one
More informationpigments AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions Visible light is part of electromagnetic spectrum
AP BIOLOGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Light Reactions http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html Sunlight is made up of many different wavelengths of light Your eyes see different
More information8.2 Photosynthesis Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs
8.2 Photosynthesis 8.2.1 - Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in electron micrographs double membrane starch grain grana thylakoid internal membrane - location of the
More informationHarvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1
Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration part 1 Agenda I. Overview (Big Pictures) of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration II. Making Glucose - Photosynthesis III. Making ATP - Cellular
More informationPhotosynthesis and Life
7-1 Chapter 7 Photosynthesis and Life During photosynthesis Organisms use the energy of light to build highenergy organic molecules. Plants, algae, and some bacteria can do this. Can make their own food
More informationPhotosynthesis: Life from Light AP Biology
Photosynthesis: Life from Light Supporting a biosphere On global scale, photosynthesis is the most important process for the continuation of life on Earth u each year photosynthesis synthesizes 160 billion
More informationPhotosynthesis 05/03/2012 INTRODUCTION: Summary Reaction for Photosynthesis: CO 2 : H 2 O: chlorophyll:
Photosynthesis INTRODUCTION: metabolic process occurring in green plants, algae, some protists and cyanobacteria Photosynthesis is an PROCESS (building organic molecules which store radiant energy as chemical
More information1. Photosynthesis is the process of making a simple organic molecule from inorganic compounds (molecules) utilizing light energy.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS A. INTRODUCTION 1. Photosynthesis is the process of making a simple organic molecule from inorganic compounds (molecules) utilizing light energy. a. It takes energy input for synthesis.
More informationBio 111 Study Guide Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 10 Photosynthesis BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the whole chapter from p. 185-207. You can skip the topic of cyclic electron flow on p. 196-197. Figure 10.18 puts all of the light
More informationPhotosynthesis. I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B.
Photosynthesis I. Photosynthesis overview A. Purpose B. Location II. III. The light vs. the dark reaction Chloroplasts pigments A. Light absorption B. Types IV. Light reactions A. Photosystems B. Photophosphorylation
More informationPhotosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. The Chloroplast. Photosynthetic prokaryotes. The Chloroplast
Photosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall 2008 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy 1 Photosynthesis Inputs CO 2 Gas exchange occurs through
More information2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of October
Name: Class: _ Date: _ 2015 AP Biology PRETEST Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Week of 19-23 October Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which
More informationUnit 4.2: Photosynthesis - Sugar as Food
Unit 4.2: Photosynthesis - Sugar as Food Lesson Objectives Outline the stages of photosynthesis. Describe the chloroplast and its role in photosynthesis. List the steps of the light reactions. Describe
More informationPhotosynthesis. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationPhotosynthesis Overview
Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by:
More informationTHIS IS. In photosynthesis A) Carbon gets oxidized B) Carbon gets reduced C) Carbon gets metabolized D) Carbon gets digested
THIS IS With Your Host... table Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E Column F 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 In photosynthesis A)
More informationPhotosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing the energy of sunlight to make carbohydrates (sugars).
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing the energy of sunlight to make carbohydrates (sugars). Plants do photosynthesis to make their own food (sugars) and are called, photoautotrophs.
More informationCHLOROPLASTS, CALVIN CYCLE, PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSFER AND PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION (based on Chapter 19 and 20 of Stryer )
CHLOROPLASTS, CALVIN CYCLE, PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSFER AND PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION (based on Chapter 19 and 20 of Stryer ) Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Light driven transfer of electron across a membrane
More informationbuild stuff!! Stomates Warm-up Remember what it means to be a Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air Autotrophs Light reactions
Warm-up Objective: Describe how the chemical products of the light-trapping reactions couple to the synthesis of carbohydrates. Warm-up: What is the advantage of the light reaction producing H and ATP
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 8
Photosynthesis Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Overview Energy for all life on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by
More informationChapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chapter 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Overview of Photosynthesis 2. Light Absorption 3. The Light Reactions 4. The Calvin Cycle 1. Overview of Photosynthesis Chapter Reading pp. 185-190, 206-207 What is Photosynthesis?
More informationChapter 8: Cellular Energy
Chapter 8: Cellular Energy Section 1: How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy All cellular activities require Energy!! ( The ability to do work). The study of flow and the transformation of
More information8 Photosynthesis CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 8 Photosynthesis Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis
More informationPhotosynthesis (Outline)
Photosynthesis (Outline) 1. Overview of photosynthesis 2. Producers, consumers, and decomposers of the ecosystem (source of carbon and energy) (Autotrophs: photo-autotrophs, chemo-autotrophs, electro-autotrophs,
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS: A BRIEF STORY!!!!!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: A BRIEF STORY!!!!! This is one of the most important biochemical processes in plants and is amongst the most expensive biochemical processes in plant in terms of investment. Photosynthesis
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS. Chapter 10
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter 10 Modes of Nutrition Autotrophs self-feeders Capture free energy from physical sources in the environment Photosynthetic organisms = sunlight Chemosynthetic organisms = small inorganic
More informationMaking Sugars. Carbon Dioxide. Properties of Carbon Dioxide
Making Sugars The reactions that take carbon dioxide to sugar involve nucleophilic attack at the carbon of carbon dioxide and reduction. The reducing equivalents come from NADPH. Energy is transmitted
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology. Edited by Shawn Lester. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions
More informationChapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow
COLLEGE BIOLOGY PHYSICS Chapter 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chapter # Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow Figure 8.0 Photosynthesis Figure 8.1 Earth s distribution of photosynthesis as seen via chlorophyll a
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero PREVIEW The Process That Feeds the Biosphere Photosynthesis Is the process
More informationRuBP has 5 carbons and is regenerated in the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, carbon is conserved, ATP is used and NADPH is used.
Carbon Reactions: CO 2 is fixed by Rubisco located in the stroma. The molecule that is carboxylated is RuBP. RuBP has 5 carbons and is regenerated in the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, carbon is conserved,
More informationRemember what plants need! Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis: Variations on the Theme " Leaf Structure. Controlling water loss from leaves
Remember what plants need! Photosynthesis O light reactions C O! light! sun! H2O! ground Photosynthesis: Variations on the Theme Calvin cycle!! air 2007-2008 vascular bundle Leaf Structure phloem (transports
More informationcytosol stroma Photorespiration: Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)
Carbon Reactions: CO 2 is fixed by Rubisco located in the stroma. The molecule that is carboxylated is RuBP. RuBP has 5 carbons and is regenerated in the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, carbon is conserved,
More informationOverview - the process that feeds the biosphere. Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy.
Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis Overview - the process that feeds the biosphere Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy. Responsible for O 2 in our atmosphere
More information1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram representing a three-dimensional view of a chloroplast. space B. Fig (i) Name parts A to C in Fig A... B...
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram representing a three-dimensional view of a chloroplast. A space B C Fig. 1.1 (i) Name parts A to C in Fig. 1.1. A... B... C... [3] (ii) Describe two ways in which the structure
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Lectures by Erin
More informationPhotosynthesis Thursday, July 7, 2011
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis in Overview Process by which plants and other autotrophs store the energy of sunlight into sugars. Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Overall equation: 6 CO 2
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chapter 10. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationScenario: Mapping Photosynthesis
Scenario Mapping Photosynthesis Scenario: Mapping Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is arguably the most important biological process on the Earth. All of the energy for the planet can be traced to the sun,
More informationPhotosynthesis. (in C 3 plants)
Photosynthesis (in C 3 plants) WHAT DO I REMEMBER FROM GCSE ABOUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS? PS WS Photosynthesis uses sunlight energy to create complex organic compounds, initially glucose, from inorganic compounds.
More informationPhotosynthesis. 3. We have 2 types of organisms depending on their nutrition:
1 لجان الد فعات/تلخيص علوم حياتية 101 Key concepts 10.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY TO THE CHEMICAL ENERGY OF FOOD. 10.2 THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERT SOLAR ENERGY TO THE CHEMICAL ENERGY OF ATP
More informationJust Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis
Just Like the Guy From Krypton Photosynthesis An Overview of Photosynthesis Most of the energy used by almost all living cells ultimately comes from the sun plants, algae, and some bacteria capture the
More informationPhotosynthesis
Student Expectations: Cellular Energy Understand that cellular energy is temporarily stored in the nucleotide ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Describe how energy is released by ATP When the outer phosphate
More informationWJEC UNIT 3. ATP & Photosynthesis. Tyrone. R.L. John
WJEC UNIT 3 ATP & Photosynthesis 1 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Revision from unit 1 1. ATP is a nucleotide. Label the components of the ATP molecule below: In the space below draw a simplified diagram
More informationChapter 7 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chapter 7 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing energy from sunlight to produce sugars. Photosynthesis equation: Energy + 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 C 6 H
More information6.3 Overview of Photosynthesis
6.3 Overview of Photosynthesis Chloroplast location of photosynthesis in plants and protists 3 membranes 2 make up the stroma Semifluid matrix Location of sugar production 1 makes up the thylakoid membrane
More information