8.11C Explore how short and long term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations, 8.11D recognize human dependence

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1 8.11C Explore how short and long term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations, 8.11D recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of these resources have modified these systems

2 On your page/white board, create this diagram. Short Term Long Term

3 Now, think about events that happen in our world that might have an effect on an ecosystem. Come up with 2 short term and 2 long term, and be ready to share out. Short Term event/causes: Long Term event/causes

4 Venn Diagram - now let s look at these: Place these events in your diagram 1. Climate Change 2. Drought 3. Hurricane 4. Floods 5. Ice Age 6. Volcanic eruptions 7. Forest Fire

5 Venn Diagram Words - Answers 1. Climate Change-LT 2. Drought- both 3. Hurricane-ST 4. Floods-ST 5. Ice Age-LT 6. Volcanic eruptions-lt 7. Forest Fire- Both, depends on the severity and effects on populations.

6 These events are occurring constantly on our planet - How do organisms change and evolve over time in response?

7 Adaptations Adaptations are structures or behaviors that increase an organism s ability to survive in a given environment Individual organisms live or die according to their inherited adaptations Extinction occurs when species are unable to adapt to environmental changes

8 Environmental Events Natural events and human impacts can cause short term and long term changes in environmental conditions. But what does this do to the living organisms WITHIN this ecosystem?

9 Environmental Events: Individual organisms live or die; only species (populations) can adapt Individual organisms with certain traits are more likely than others to survive and have offspring. Changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of individual organisms and thus, entire species.

10 Natural Selection (2 on this slide) The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species Interactions with the environment in future generations, those traits may not longer aid in survival. Natural selection affects the survival of populations Long term survival of a species is due to the concentration of favorable traits in offspring over generations due to the selection pressure of environmental conditions.

11 The Role of Genes in Natural Selection Remember, only traits that are inherited can be acted upon by natural selection

12 Natural Selection (3 on this one) Darwin observed that some variations make individuals better adapted to their environment Those individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce If their offspring inherit the trait, they will be more likely to survive and reproduce After many generations, more members of the species will have the helpful trait In effect, the environment has selected organisms with helpful traits to be the parents of the next generation

13 Natural genetic changes one example: Geographic isolation when some members of a species become cut off from the rest of the species A new species might form when a group of individuals remains separated from the rest of its species long enough to accumulate different traits Geographic isolation may have occurred on a worldwide scale during continental drift

14 Remember Continental Drift? This was (and is) a NATURAL process as/gondwana3.html

15

16 Environmental Changes Negative environmental events that are human derived: Pollution Acid rain Deforestation Climate changes Succession

17 The unfortunate truth Human caused changes are often too rapid for evolutionary processes Instead of evolving, organisms simply perish

18 Human activities that modify the ocean Critical Ocean Issues: Overfishing Sea Temperature Rise Marine Pollution Ocean Acidification/Coral Bleaching Marine Habitat Destruction Sea Level Rise Marine Invasive Species Oil Spills

19 Why does it matter if we change the world? Human impact can harm our world and it can be irreversible. We are dependent on our planet in ways that we are often unaware of. Video: Sylvia Earle My Wish On your notes page, write any thoughts or questions from the video

20 Human Impact Investigations You will be given information for each one of these four categories Over-Fishing Plastic Pollution Oil Spills Coral Bleaching

21 How to go through each section: Unit 5 find this section, each button takes you to another page within the website

22 Plastics in our Oceans There are multiple steps to go through with written information, videos and infographics to help you understand the issues we face

23 Over- Fishing

24 Coral Bleaching

25 Oil Spills

26 HW for tonight learn more about the problem Review an article about oil spills Complete a modified version of Criterion D on an oil spill article

27 HW for tonight read article and answer questions

8.11C Explore how short and long term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations, 8.11D recognize human dependence

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