Protists & Fungi. Words to Know: Chapters 19 & 20. Label the paramecium diagram above. (pg. 548)

Transcription

1 Words to Know: Protozoan Chapters 19 & 20 Protists & Fungi Microsporidium Contractile vacuole Pseudopod Bioluminescent Colony Plasmodium Chitin Hypha Septum Spore Sporangium Rhizoid Lichen Mycorrhiza Label the paramecium diagram above. (pg. 548) I. Introduction to Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 542) a. Main Idea: Protists form a diverse group or organism that are subdivided based on their method of obtaining. b. Protists include unicellular and eukaryotes. c. The Protists might have formed through endosymbiosis. d. Protists might have been the first - cells with chloroplast and mitochondria, evolving of years ago.

2 Organize: Complete the table below. (pg. 543) Fungi Summary: Document-Based Question Animal-like Protists Plantlike Protists Fungus-like Protists Group Example(s) Distinguishing Characteristics II. Protozoans: Animal-like Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 546) a. Main Idea: Protozoans are, heterotrophic Protists b. Protozoans are unicellular Protists that feed on other to obtain nutrients. c. Protozoans live in a variety of environments. d. Protozoans reproduce in a variety of ways, including sexually and. e. Protozoans have specialized methods for movement, feeding, and maintaining. This map shows where Asian Soybean Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi is found in the United States. It is a recent arrival from Brazil and other parts of South America. Its presence in each state was diagnosed by the USDA. Soybean rust is a disease caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, which has now become a problem for farmers in the U.S. Losses from this infection can cost up to 80% of a crop. a. Speculate about the factors affecting the distribution of soybean rust in the U.S. b. Apply what you know about fungus to recommend a course of action to eradicate this fungus. c. Estimate the impact of this fungus on future soybean production in the U.S.

3 IV. Fungal Partnerships Two symbiotic relationships with fungi are critical to ecosystems: Label the amoeba diagram. (pg. 550) 1. Mycorrhiza: mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi. Fungi transfers minerals from the soil to plants, and plants supply carbs to the fungus. Organize facts about amoebas in the chart below: (pg. 543, 550) Phylum Excretion method Habitats Feeding method 2. Lichen: a symbiosis between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner like green algae or cyanobacteria. Lichen inhabit extreme environments, like rocks, bare soil, and tree trunks, which makes them critical for primary succession. Lichens are also used to monitor air quality. Body structure Reproduction method

4 Habitat Movement Method Label the diagram of bread mold. (pg. 583) Ciliophora (pg. 546) Sarcodina (pg. 550) Apicomplexa (pg. 551) Conjugation (pg. 548) Sporangiophore a. The process of for paramecium is typical of most ciliates. b. During conjugation, paramecium form a and their nuclei undergo meiosis. c. micronuclei from each cell is, and the two separate. d. The combine and for a new macronucleus. III. Ecology of Fungi (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 587) 1. Main Idea: Lichens and mycorrhizae demonstrate important relationships between fungi and other organisms. 2. Lichens are examples of relationships between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium 3. Mycorrhizae help plants obtain and by increasing the of their roots. 4. Compounds obtained from fungi are used for a variety of. 5. Many foods eaten by people are made from. 6. Fungi can have effects on humans

5 II. Diversity of Fungi (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 582) a) Main Idea: Fungi exhibit a broad range of diversity and are classified into major. b) Zygomycetes reproduce by forming. c) Ascomycetes produce within a saclike structure called an during sexual reproduction d) Basidiomycetes produce during sexual reproduction. e) Sexual reproduction in the phylum has never been observed. Model a phylogenic tree and label the major phyla. (pg. 582) III. Algae-Plantlike Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg.553) a. Main Idea: Algae are plantlike, autotrophic Protists that are the for aquatic ecosystem b. Algae are Protists c. Algae are important producers of and food for aquatic ecosystem d. Euglenoids, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are algae e. Red, brown, and green algae have forms. f. The life cycles of algae include an alternation of. Organize: Complete the chart below about algae. (pg. 553) Algae Like plants: Unlike Plants: Function of secondary pigments: Found in many colors because:

6 In the space, draw the euglena as shown on pg Describe the kingdom Fungi. (pg. 576) Most are. Kingdom Fungi Unicellular fungi are known as. List three features of fungi that distinguish them from plants Summarize: The alternation of generations. (pg. 560) The haploid form of the The diploid form is called algae,, a. produces. Complete the table by checking the correct column(s) for each characteristic. (pg. 578) Characteristic Harmful to host Helpful to host Saprophytic Fungi Parasitic Fungi Mutualistic Fungi The gametes join to form a Certain cells in the Heterotrophs. sporophyte undergo Organic litter. reducers Symbiosis From the zygote, the form of These spores are that will develop into new Saprophytic Fungi: fungi that obtains nutrients from dead organic matter. Parasitic Fungi: fungi that thrives on latching onto other organisms and taking nutrients from them the algae will develop.. Mutualistic Fungi: fungi that are interdependent and can t survive without the other

7 I. Introduction to Fungi (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 576) a) Main Idea: Fungi are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic that are. b) Fungi produce that form a netlike mass called a. c) There are different methods by which fungi obtain food. d) Fungi can reproduce asexually by,, or producing. e) Most fungi can reproduce, also by producing spores. Some Uses for Algae: (pg. 559) Type Red Brown Green Uses Diatoms Label the diagram above. (pg. 579) IV. Fungus-like Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 561) a. Main Idea: Fungus-like Protists obtain their nutrition by absorbing nutrients from or organisms. b. The cell walls of fungus-like protest do not contain. c. Slime molds, water molds, and downy mildew grow in or damp places. d. Acellular slime molds form a plasmodium that contains many but no separate cells. e. Cellular slime molds form colonies of cells to. f. Water molds their food source with a mass of threads.

8 Compare and Contrast: Acellular and cellular slime molds by using the following phrases to complete the diagram. (pg. 561) Move and surround food like amoeba Flagellated during part of life cycle Most of life cycle spent as single amoeba-like cells Form colonies when food is scarce Mobile mass of cytoplasm with no separate cells Make spores to reproduce Protists Summary: Complete the table below by checking the correct columns for each description. Ciliophora Sarcodinia Apicomplexia Zoomastigina Description (pg. 546) (pg. 550) (pg. 551) (pg. 552) Reproduces through spores Acellular Cellular Uses flagella for movement Has numerous short hair-like projections Both Uses pseudopods for feeding & locomotion