The Science Department Academic Year Year 10 Biology Curriculum Overview

Transcription

1 The Science Department Academic Year Year 10 Biology Curriculum Overview

2 Subject: Biology Term 1 Year Level: 10 Week Starting date Unit Learning Outcomes In this unit we will. Curriculum links Week 1 09/09/12 Basic Principles List the biology lab equipment and its uses. List and describe the characteristics of living organisms Define the terms: nutrition, excretion, respiration, sensitivity, reproduction, growth, movement List the biological functions of water Introduce the scientific investigation Section I: 1 Week 2 16/09/12 Week 3 23/09/12 Cell Structure and Organisation State that living organisms are made of cells Identify and describe the structure of a plant cell (palisade cell) and an animal cell (liver cell), as seen under a light microscope Describe the differences in structure between typical animal and plant cells Relate the structure of some specialised cells (ciliated cells, root hair cells, xylem vessels, muscle cells, red blood cells) to their functions Define tissue, organ, organ system Calculate magnification and size of biological specimen using millimetres as units. Define diffusion and describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes and of water as a solvent Define osmosis and describe the importance of osmosis in the uptake of water by plants, and its effects on plant and animal tissues Define catalysts and enzymes Investigate and describe the effect of changes in temperature and ph on enzyme activity Section I: 1, 2, 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 Week 4 30/09/12 Define active transport and discuss its importance as an en ergy consuming process Describe and explain the importance of a water potential gradient in plant cells Explain enzyme action in terms of the lock and key model Explain the effect of changes in temperature and ph on enzyme activity

3 Section I: 2.1, 2.2, 3 Week 5 7/10/12 Week 6 14/10/12 Classification and diversity of living organisms Define and describe the binomial system of naming species. List the main features of the vertebrates and vertebrates List the main features used in the classification of plants and arthropods, annelids, nematods and molluscs Use simple dichotomous keys based on easily identifiable features Week 7 21/10/12 Week 8 28/10/12 Adha Holiday Week 9 4/11/12 Nutrition Define nutrition List the chemical elements that make up carbohydrates, fats, proteins Describe the synthesis of large molecules from small basic units Describe tests for starch, reducing sugars, proteins, fats List the principal sources of some food groups (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins C and D, minerals such as calcium and iron) and describe their importance. Section II: 6, 6.1 Week 10 11/11/12 Week 11 18/11/12 Week 12 25/11/12 Animal Nutrition and Health State what is meant by balanced diet and describe a balanced diet related to age, sex and activity of an individual, Describe the effects of malnutrition in relation to starvation, coronary heart disease, constipation and obesity Define ingestion and egestion, digestion and absorption Describe the functions of the regions of the alimentary canal. Identify the types of human teeth and describe their structure and functions and their proper care. Describe the processes of chewing and peristalsis (mechanical digestion) State the significance of chemical digestion and state where enzymes are secreted State the functions of a typical amylase, a protease and a lipase, listing the substrate and end- products. Define absorption and describe the significance of villi in increasing the surface area of the intestine Define assimilation, describe the role of the liver in the metabolism of glucose and amino- acids and describe the role of fats as an energy storage substance. Section II: 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, 6.3.6, Week 13 2/12/12 Revision Week 14 9/12/12 Mid- Year Exam

4 Subject: Biology Term 2 Year Level: 10 Week Starting date Unit Learning Outcomes In this unit we will. Curriculum links Week 1 6/1/12 Week 2 13/1/12 Plant Nutrition Define photosynthesis and investigate the necessity for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis State the word equation for the production of simple sugars and oxygen Describe the intake of carbon dioxide and water by plants Explain that chlorophyll traps light energy and concerts it into chemical energy Identify and label the different tissues found in la leaf Describe the significance of the distribution of chloroplasts, stomata and mesophyll cells and vascular bundles. Describe the importance of nitrate ions (for protein synthesis) and magnesium ions (for chlorophyll synthesis) Describe the uses, and dangers of overuse of nitrogen fertilisers. Section II: 6.2.1, 6.2.2, Week 3 20/1/12 State the symbol balanced equation of photosynthesis. Investigate and state the effect of varying light intensity, CO2, and concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Define the term limiting factor and explain the concept of limiting factors in photosynthesis. Week 4 27/1/12 Week 5 3/2/12 Transport in plants State the function of Xylem and phloem and identify their tissues positions as seen in transverse section of leaves and stems Identify root hair cells and state their functions. State the pathway taken by water in the different parts of the plant. Investigate, using a suitable stain, the pathway of water through the above- ground parts of a plant Define transpiration in plants and describe how water vapour loss is related to cell surfaces, air spaces and stomata Describe the effect of variation of temperature, humidity and light intensity on transpiration rate. Describe how wilting occurs Define translocation. Relate the structure and functions of root hairs to their surface area and to water and ion uptake Section II: 7.1, 7.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3

5 Week 6 10/2/12 Transport in animals Describe the circulatory system and the double circulation in terms of a low pressure circulation and a high pressure circulation. Describe the structure of the heart and the function of the heart in terms of muscular contraction and the working of the valves. Investigate, state and explain the effect of physical activity on pulse rate. Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible causes and preventive measures Name the main blood vessels to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidney and describe their functions. Identify red and white blood cells as seen under microscope. List the components of blood and state their functions Section II: 7.2, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, Week 7 17/2/12 Explain how structure and function are related in arteries, veins and capillaries. Describe the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid Describe the immune system in terms of antibody production, tissue rejection, and phagocytosis. Describe the function of the lymphatic system in circulation of body fluids, and the production of lymphocytes Describe the process of clotting Week 8 24/2/12 Week 9 3/3/12 Respiration Define respiration and state the uses of energy in the body of humans Define aerobic respiration as the release of a relatively large amount of energy State the word equation for aerobic respiration Define anaerobic respiration as the release of a relatively small amount of energy State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during hard exercise Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during brewing and bread making Compare aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in terms of relative amounts of energy released. List the features Section II: 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Week 10 10/3/12 State the equation for aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration (in muscles and yeast) using symbols Describe the effect of lactic acid in muscles during exercise Describe the role of the ribs, the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in producing changes leading to the ventilation of the lungs. Explain the role of mucus and cilia protecting the gas exchange system the pathogens Explain the link between physical activity and rate and depth of breathing

6 Week 11 17/3/12 Week 12 24/3/12 Excretion in humans Define excretion Describe the function of the kidney in excretion State the relative positions of ureters, bladder and urethra in the body State that urea is formed in liver from excess of amino acids State that alcohol, drugs and hormones are broken down in the liver. Outline the structure of a kidney and outline the structure and functioning of a kidney tubule Explain dialysis and discuss its application in dialysis machines Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of kidney transplants, compared with dialysis Section II: 9

7 Subject: Biology Term 3 Year Level: 10 Week Starting date Unit Learning Outcomes In this unit we will. Curriculum links Week 1 7/4/12 Sexual and asexual reproduction Define asexual reproduction Describe asexual reproduction in bacteria, spore production in fungi and tuber formation in potatoes Define sexual reproduction Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to a species of asexual reproduction Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to a species of sexual reproduction Section III: 1.1, 1.2 Week 2 14/4/12 Week 3 21/4/12 Week 4 28/4/12 Sexual reproduction in plants Identify and draw, using a hand lens the different parts of a plant and examine pollen grains under a light microscope State the functions of the different parts of a plant (sepals, petals, anthers, stigmas and ovaries) Use a hand lens to identify and describe the anthers and stigmas of one, locally available, named, wind- pollinated flower, and examine the pollen grains under light microscope Candidates should expect to apply their understanding of the flower they have studied to unfamiliar flowers Define pollination and name the agents of pollination Compare the different structural adaptations of insect- pollinated and wind- pollinated flowers Describe the growth of the pollen tube and its entry into the ovule followed by fertilisation Investigate and describe the structure of a non- endospermic seed in terms of the embryo and testa, protected by the fruit Outline the formation of a seed and fruit State that seed and fruit dispersal by wind or by animals provides a means of colonising new areas Describe, using named examples, seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals Distinguish between self- pollination and cross pollination Discuss the implications to a species of self- pollination and cross- pollination Section III: 1.2.1

8 Week 5 5/5/12 Energy flow, food chains and food webs State that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to biological systems Describe the non- cyclical nature of energy flow Define the following terms: food chain, food web, producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer, ecosystem, trophic level Describe energy losses between trophic levels Draw, describe and interpret pyramids of biomass and numbers Section IV: 1, 2 Week 6 12/5/12 Week 7 19/5/12 Nutrient Cycles Describe the carbon and the water cycles Describe the nitrogen cycle in terms of : - The role of microorganisms in providing usable nitrogen- containing substances - The absorption of these substances by plants and their conversion to protein - Passage through food chains, death, decay - Nitrification and denitrification and the return of nitrogen to the soil or the atmosphere Discuss the effect of the combustion of fossil fuels and the cutting down of forests on the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere Section IV: 3 Week 8 26/5/12 Revision Week 9 2/6/12 Exam Week