OHIO ST A ST T A E UN E IVERSIT UN Y Y EX T EX ENSION INTRO TO ENTOMOLOGY

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1 INTRO TO ENTOMOLOGY

2 What Is Entomology?

3 ANSWER: The Study of Insects (and sometimes they lump in those OTHER arthropods )

4 An Insect Example: Lubber Grasshopper 3 segments Image from: Shetlar, 2011

5 antenna Lubber Grasshopper Head compound eye ocelli frons clypeus labrum mandible maxilla labium Image from: Shetlar, 2011

6 pronotum mesopleuron spiracle Lubber Grasshopper Thorax metapleuron femur coxa tibia trochanter tarsus Image from: Shetlar, 2011

7 Lubber Grasshopper Abdomen abdominal tergites cercus abdominal sternites spiracles Image from: Shetlar, 2011

8 Insect Respiratory System spiracles Cana lily skipper (a butterfly) larvae have an almost completely transparent exoskeleton, thereby allowing a good view of the tracheal system.

9 antenna Lubber Grasshopper Appendages wings 6 legs (3 on each side shown here) exoskeleton Image from: Shetlar, 2011

10 3 body segments Antennae 3 pairs of legs Eyes An Insect Defined often compound, sometimes simple, or both Exoskeleton Joints jointed legs, antenna (arthro-pod = joint foot) Wings Often in some life stage but not always

11 WHY define an insect Understanding the basis of what an I found this on my bed so it must be a bedbug! INSECT is, and is NOT will help you when beginning to ID. What book to look in?

12 Is this an insect?

13 TAPED SAMPLES TAPE can be your enemy Distorts and destroys a sample. Suggest they put samples in a ziplock, jar, tupperware, old RX bottle Rubbing alcohol as preservative if squishy

14 Is this an insect? OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

15 Antenna Leg? Closer look- Yes it is

16 Is this an insect? OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

17 Thorax with legs abdomen antenna Is this an insect?

18 Photo by: Colin & Sarah Northway, FLICKR creative commons with attribution Is this an insect?

19 AND Keep in mind that insects look differently throughout their lives because of their DEVELOPMENT

20 Incomplete Metamorphosis Hairy Chinch Bug egg 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th normal wing short wing instar instar instar instar instar adult adult Egg Nymphal Adult Stage Stage Stage Slide from Shetlar 2011

21 Complete Metamorphosis Northern Masked Chafer egg 1st 2nd 3rd pupa adult instar instar instar Egg Larval Pupal Adult Stage Stage Stage Stage

22 So WHY do we learn what an insect IS? To a homeowner A bug is just something you SQUISH.

23 So WHY do we learn what an To a Master Gardener insect IS? An INSECT must be well-defined We must ID them properly to distinguish: Insect Spider Centipede or Millipede Dust Bunny? ALL DIFFERENT! With different management Sometimes we need to tell homeowners that it is NOT a bug.

24 Where do Insects fall out in the scheme of things? Insect Classification

25 Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Kind People Come Over For Great Sandwiches King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti Class Order Family Genus Species Specific Epithet or SPECIES NAME italicized (Homo sapien) (Apis mellifera)

26 Taxonomy Kingdom - ANIMALIA Phylum - ARTHROPODA Class INSECTA (just one of many types of arthropods) Order OVER 30 ORDERS of Insects (distinguishes the beetles from the bees) Family different groups of BEES Genus Species Specific Epithet or SPECIES NAME italicized (Homo sapien) (Apis mellifera)

27 Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda Segmented Bodies Regions: Insect: Head, Thorax, Abdomen Centipede / Millipedes: Head & Trunk Spider: Cephalothorax, Abdomen Paired appendages Chitinous exoskeleton Must be Molted Bilateral symmetry

28 But there are OTHER Classes Kingdom - Animalia Phylum ARTHROPODA ( jointed foot ) Spiders, Lobsters, Shrimp, Crabs, Centipedes, Millipedes, Insects = ALL arthropods CLASS Class Xiphosura horseshoe crabs Class Arachnida arachnids Class Crustacea crustaceans Class Diplopoda millipedes Class Chilopoda centipedes Class Symphyla garden centipedes Class Insecta insects

29 But there are OTHER Classes Kingdom - Animalia Phylum ARTHROPODA ( jointed foot ) Spiders, Lobsters, Shrimp, Crabs, Centipedes, Millipedes, Insects = ALL arthropods CLASS Class Xiphosura horseshoe crabs Class Arachnida arachnids Class Crustacea crustaceans Class Diplopoda millipedes Class Chilopoda centipedes Class Symphyla garden centipedes Class Insecta insects

30 Let s Dive In Class Xiphosura horseshoe crabs Class Arachnida arachnids Class Crustacea crustaceans Class Diplopoda millipedes Class Chilopoda centipedes Class Symphyla garden centipedes Class Insecta insects

31 Orders of Arachnids Scorpiones - scorpions Pseudoscorpiones - false scorpions Opiliones - daddy-long-legs or harvestmen Acari - mites & ticks Araneae - spiders Kind People Come Over For Great Sandwiches

32 Scorpion Pseudoscorpion Tick (a mite) Daddy-long-legs Wolf Spider Not to scale

33 CLASS: Arachnida ORDER: Scorpiones Immature common striped scorpion Centruroides vittatus Whitney Cranshaw, bugwood.org Scorpions range in size and color Clemson University USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, bugwood.org PROBABLY won t deal too much with these guys Unless a pet escapes!

34 CLASS: Arachnida ORDER: PSEUDOSCORPIONES Phoretic travel- hitch a ride on a host to get around Over 200 species in N. America Over 3,300 worldwide May be confused with a tick High humidity leaf litter, soil, cracks No stinger Strangely, you MAY get questions on these! By: Anita Gould, Bugguide.net (CC BY-ND-NC By: Kyron Basu, Bugguide.net (CC BY-ND-NC 1.0)

35 Mite and Tick Body Regions CLASS: Arachnida ORDER: Acari OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION pedipalps & chelicerae cephalothorax abdomen

36 Trio of Important Ticks Adult Activity: Late March through July Transmits (Rocky Mt. spotted fever) Adult Habitat: Grassy areas along paths and roads Ornamentation American Dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis Ornamentation Activity: All life stages bite Active 12 months Blacklegged deer tick Ixodes scapularis No Ornamentation Habitat: Forest & shrubs Ornamentation Lone star tick Amblyomma americanum Activity: All life stages bite April August Transmits (Lyme disease) Photos courtesy the Tick Research Laboratory, Texas A&M University Slide G.R. Needham, The Ohio State University Transmits (Ehrlichiosis)

37 American Dog Tick American Dog Tick, female Questing for a host Male American Dog Tick Jim Occi, BugPics, Bugwood.org Photo: David Shetlar, 2011 ppt

38 American dog tick female laying egg mass ( eggs!). Slide from Shetlar, 2011

39 Lone Star Tick Adult female Fed Adult Female after 10 days of feeding Adult male Fed nymph Unfed nymph G.R. Needham, The Ohio State University Photo used with permission from Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Iowa, Iowa State University Extension

40 Fed nymph Un Adult male Deer Tick AKA Black-Legged tick Adult female Unfed nymph Note- no ornamentation or pattern on back Unfed Larva Partly fed female G.R. Needham, The Ohio State University Photo used with permission from Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Iowa, Iowa State University Extension Fully fed female

41 Clover mites CSIRO, wikimedia commons David Cappaert, bugwood.org Predatory mite J. Holopainen, Wikimedia commons

42

43 Class: Arachnida Only one body region ORDER: Opiliones No fangs, no venom glands cephalothorax Abdomen shows the segmentation Only 2 eyes, unlike true spiders Do not produce silk

44 True Spiders pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax narrow waist abdomen Class: Arachnida ORDER: Araneae

45 Black widow with egg case Brown recluse (fiddleback)

46 Classes of Myriapods (many legged arthropods) (all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk with many pairs of legs, use trachea) Diplopoda - millipedes Chilopoda - centipedes Symphyla - garden centipedes

47 Myriapods [one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs] Millipede (Diplopoda) Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body. Centipede (Chilopoda) Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body. Symphylan (Symphyla) [garden centipede] No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.

48 Millipede (Diplopoda) Centipede (Chilopoda) Garden centipede (Symphyla) Slide: David Shetlar, 2011

49 Sowbugs (CLASS: Crustacea, Order Isopoda), terrestrial crustaceans

50 Back again to Class INSECTA Three body regions head, thorax, abdomen Thorax with three pairs of legs; normally two pairs of wings in adult stage Head with one pair of antennae Respiration by trachea Terrestrial & fresh water inhabitants

51 Order Collembola (glue wedge) springtails Wingless (primitively) Chewing mouthparts Feed on plants, bacteria, & fungi Important as decomposers Alarming to homeowners on windowsills, sidewalks

52 collophore ***furcula

53 Order Thysanura (bristle tail) silverfish & firebrats Look like they have 3 tails 2 cerci 1 median filament Wingless (primitively) Most are covered with scales Chewing mouthparts Feed on organic matter, starchy materials

54 Kansas Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

55 This is NOT a silverfish. What is this? Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org

56 Order Dermaptera (skin wing) earwigs Cerci like forceps, pinchers Defense, prey capture, mating Elongate, flattened Two pairs of wings Forewings usually short, hard Hindwings membranous, folded Few species are wingless

57 Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

58 Digging Deeper Let s take a closer look at the INSECT ORDERS ACTIVITY

59 ROTATE through each station FOR EACH I will ask: What kind of mouthparts? (Why? These create specific plant damage and are helpful in identifying insect pests on plants!) Piercing / Sucking? Chewing? Sponging? Complete or Incomplete Metamorphosis? Wings? How many? Something interesting about this group to help you remember.

60 Order Hemiptera (half wing) true bugs & bug-like insects Piercing Sucking Mouthparts Plant Feeders or Predators / Parasites Leathery and Membranous Wings cross in an X shape OR Membranous Wings held above abdomen in a TENT (inverted V shape)

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75 Order Coleoptera (sheath wing) beetles Largest order in animal kingdom Chewing mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Forewings (elytra) are hardened, opaque, meet in the midline of back Hindwings membranous, folded under elytra Feed on plants, organic matter, stored products; or predatory

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77 David Cappaert, bugwood.org OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

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82 Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University, bugwood.org

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87 Order Hymenoptera (marriage wing or membrane wing) bees, wasps, sawflies, ants Wings: 4 membranous wings Hind pair smaller than front pair Pairs attached by row of small hooks Bees, wasps, & ants have second abdominal segment constricted & narrow; i.e. effect of wasp-waist Sawflies have broadly joined thorax & abdomen

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99 Order Isoptera (equal wing) termites Social Reproductives (queens & kings) Four wings of equal size Wings twice the length of the body Wings lack cross-veins Workers & soldiers Lack wings Body white Distinguish from ants: Lack of elbowed antennae No constriction between abdomen & thorax

100 Swarming reproductive termites

101 Workers and a soldier

102 Order Neuroptera (nerve wing) lacewings & dobsonflies, antlions, owlflies Wings Membranous, 2 pairs Approximately equal size Many veins & cross-veins Chewing mouthparts, sometimes modified Complex metamorphosis Members of interest are predators

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104 Flickr, Joka2000, Flickr, Zen Sutherland,

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106 Order Lepidoptera (scale wing) moths & butterflies Shingle-like scales on wings 4 wings, often colorful Complete /Complex metamorphosis Mouthparts Chewing in larva Sucking (siphoning) or none in adults Proboscis in butterflies: coiled siphon Larvae (caterpillars) 2-5 prolegs on abdomen

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109 Common Buckeye OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

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112 Order Diptera (two wing) true flies Mouthparts: Sucking: modified piercing/ sucking, sponging, lapping, slashing in adult Modified chewing in larva One pair wings, on mesothorax Metathorax has 1 pair of small, knobbed appendages (halteres) Occasionally wingless

113 Janco Tanis, jancology.com, Bugwood.org OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

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118 Order Orthoptera (straight wing) grasshoppers & crickets Two pairs wings Forewings leathery & narrow; protect Hindwings membranous, fan-folded Some are wingless (cave crickets) Most have hind legs enlarged for jumping Females have prominent ovipositor Produce songs by rubbing wing bases together or rubbing the wings on their legs

119

120 Other Insects You Will Run Into

121 Quiz- what s this! OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

122 Order Mantodea (soothsayer) mantids / praying mantid Large ( mm) Forelegs modified for grasping prey Predatory Chewing mouthparts Gradual metamorphosis

123 Quiz- What s this?

124 Order Blattodea cockroaches Flattened body Long slender antennae Wings thickened, leathery Wings reduced in some species Legs modified for running Chewing mouthparts Gradual metamorphosis Feed on organic matter, stored products, plants

125 Order Thysanoptera (fringe wing) thrips Small (most <4 mm), elongate Chewing mouthparts Small conical beak Rasping mouthparts Most with 4 wings Strap-like Fringed with long bristles Some species are wingless

126

127 Thrips Damage on gladiola Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

128 Art Cushman, USDA Systematics Entomology Laboratory, Bugwood OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

129 Western Flower Thrips Damage Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

130 Order Siphonaptera (sucking wingless) fleas Body: small, hard, laterally compressed Wingless Mouthparts: Piercing/sucking for blood in adult Chewing in larva Larvae feed on organic matter

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