Field screening of different rice entries against different insectpests of rice during kharif season

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1 International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 9(4): August 2016 DOI Number: / X New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved ENTOMOLOGY Field screening of different rice entries against different insectpests of rice during kharif season Sitesh Chatterjee 1, Mousumi Ghose 2 * and Chirasree Gangopadhyay 1 1 Rice Research Station, Government of West Bengal, Department of Agriculture, P.O.-Chinsurah (R.S.) , District - Hooghly, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Barasat II Block, Ranipark, Madhyamgram, Kolkata , India *Corresponding author: mosumighose1973@gmail.com Paper No. 490 Received: Accepted: Abstract The different rice entries were screened out against stem borer, leaf folder and whorl maggot of rice during kharif, 2014 at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal. The experiment was carried out to note the reaction of promising advanced cultures with four check varieties viz. DRRH 2, Surakha, IR 64 and Taichung Native 1 (TN 1) against insect-pests of rice with a view to identify multiple resistant varieties. The lowest dead heart infestation was recorded in RP (0.70%) followed by RNT (0.83%), IR 64 (0.49%) and RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 (1.08%). Lowest white heads was observed in CR CN-12-2 (0.90%) followed by RP Bio (1.45%) and RP (1.60%). The lowest leaf folder infestation was noticed in RP 5588 (0.57%) followed by DRRH 2 (0.76%), CR (0.88%) and RP 5588-B-B-B-B-116 (0.93%). The minimum whorl maggot incidence was observed in RP 5587-B-B-B (4.78%) followed by RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 (5.09%), RP 5588-B-B-B (5.16%) and RP 5588-B-B-B-133 (5.29%) entries. This experiment resulted that CN , CN and W 1263 are the multiple resistant entries against all the test insect-pests, CR , RP 5587-B-B-B , CN , IET and CN against stem borer and leaf folder and RP , RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 and RNT against stem borer and whorl maggot. Highlights CN , CN , W stem borer, leaf folder, whorl maggot CR , RP 5587-B-B-B , CN , IET 23148, CN stem borer, leaf folder RP , RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76, RNT stem borer, whorl maggot Keywords: Rice-insect, multiple resistant, YSB, leaf folder, whorl maggot Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most widely consumed stable food crop of Poaceae family for a large part of the worlds human population, especially in Asia and over half of the global population depends on it for their feed (Singh et al and Lal et al. 2014). India, the second largest rice growing country has a production of million tonnes and cultivation area of about 44.6 million hectares with an average productivity of 2.34 tonnes per hectare (Anonymous, 2013 and Rajasekar and Jeyakumar, 2014). West Bengal ranks first in area and production of rice in India. About 78% of total area under rice in the state is concentrated under high and medium productivity groups, which accounts for nearly 84% of total production of rice in the state. A critical analysis of the gap between the potential and actual rice yields across the nation would reveal that several factors act as yield constraints. Among these factors, insect-pests contribute substantially to yield loss in rice production and productivity. In India,

2 Chatterjee et al. approximately 100 insect species feed on rice and 20 of these are considered to be major pests, causing 30% yield loss. Among these, yellow stem borer Scirpopagha incertulas Walker and rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee are the dominant and the most destructive insect-pest occurring throughout the country causing the yield loss of about per cent (Chatterjee and Mondal, 2014). Host plant resistance is a relationship between the plant feeding insects and their host plants (Painter, 1951). Host plant resistance enables plants to avoid, tolerate or recover from the effects of insect pest attack and has proved to be a successful tool against insects in many crops (Felkl et al. 2005). Plant genotypes, either due to environmental stress or genetic makeup, possess physiological and biochemical differences which alter the nutritional value (primary metabolites) for plant feeding insects (Alvim1 et al. 2004). In some cases, the combined nutritional and allelochemical alterations either improve the quality of the host plant as a source of food and can therefore be considered favorable to herbivorous insects or make the quality of host plant as source of food unfavorable to phytophagous insects (Stadler et al. 2002). This investigation was conducted to determine the level of resistance against S. incertulas, C. medinalis and Hydrellia sp. and also to find out the multiple resistance/tolerant rice entries. The identification of resistant/tolerant rice entry will help breeders for future use in developing multiple resistant new breeding rice lines. Materials and Methods The different rice entries was screened out against stem borer, leaf folder and whorl maggot of rice during kharif, 2014 at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal. The experiment was carried out to note the reaction of forty rice entries including four checks viz. DRRH 2, Surakha, IR 64 and Taichung Native 1 (TN 1) (Table 1) with a view to identify multiple resistant varieties of different insect-pests. The rice entries including checks were transplanted in two rows of ten hills each with one skip row between entries with spacing of sq. cm. The fertilizers doses were applied as N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 80:40:40 and also applied additional 40 kg /ha on 30, 40 and 50 to get higher infestation of insect-pests. No insecticide was applied in the screening plots. Level of pest infestation was determined by the proportion of affected hills showing dead heart, white ear head or damaged and folded leaves in each unit area fixed for variety/line. The observations were taken at active tillering stage for dead heart, folded leaves and damaged leaf by whorl maggot while white ear head was recorded at latter stages of reproductive period of the crop. The total number of tiller/hill, total number of damaged tiller/hill, total number of leaves/hill and total number of damaged and folded leaf/hill were recorded randomly from 10 hills in each observation. For recording the white ear, only panicle bearing tillers were considered. Table 1: Entries with check varieties of rice used for screening against different insect-pests of rice Sl. No. Category Name 1. Rice entries 2. Check varieties Results and Discussion CR CN 12-2, CR , CR , JGL 19618, RP , RP , RP , RP 5587, RP 5587-B-B-B-133, RP 5587-B-B-B-258-1, RP 5587-B-B-B-267-1, RP 5587-B-B-B , RP 5588, RP 5588-B-B-B-B-116, RP 5588-B-B-B-B-177-2, RP 5588-B-B- B-B-32, RP , RP 5588-B-B-B-B-63, RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76, RP , RP Bio , RP Bio K, RP Bio , RNT , RNT , RTN , RTN , W 1263, CN , CN , CN , CN , CN , IET 23148, CN and CN DRRH 2, Suraksha, IR 64 and TN 1 The result revealed that no dead heart incidence was noticed in DRRH 2 followed by RP (0.33%) and RP 5587-B-B-B (0.49%) 668 in 35, whereas in 70, RNT resulted no infestation followed by RP Bio 4918 (0.91%), IR 64 (0.99%) RP (1.02%), RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 (1.03%) and RP

3 Field screening of different rice entries against different insect-pests of rice during kharif season Table 2: Dead Heart, white ear head, leaf folder and whorl maggot infestation per cent on different rice entries Sl. No. Designation DH% 35 DH% 70 Mean DH% 669 WE% LF% 35 LF% 70 Mean LF% WM% 35 CR CN CR CR JGL RP RP RP RP RP 5587-B-B-B RP 5587-B-B-B RP 5587-B-B-B RP 5587-B-B-B RP RP 5588-B-B-B-B RP 5588-B-B-B-B RP 5588-B-B-B-B RP RP 5588-B-B-B-B RP 5588-B-B-B-B RP RP Bio RP Bio K RP Bio RNT RNT RTN RTN W CN CN CN CN CN IET CN CN DRRH Suraksha IR TN

4 Chatterjee et al. (1.09%) (Table 2 and Fig. 1). The average dead heart infestation data showed that RP (0.70%) was the most resistant line against dead heart followed by RNT (0.83%), IR 64 (0.49%) and RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 (1.08%). Lowest white heads were observed in CR CN (0.90%) followed by RP Bio (1.45%) and RP (1.60%) (Table 2 and Fig. 1). A number of scientists screened out rice lines/entries/ genotypes and varieties against different insectpests of rice and they identified many resistant/ tolerant lines. Visalakshmi et al. (2014) screened 53 rice entries under natural field conditions to find out the resistance to stem borer and they recorded that CR , CR and CR were moderately resistant to stem borer. Prasad et al. (2013) evaluated 202 semi deep water rice genotypes along with check varieties Jalpriya and Madhukar against YSB and concluded that the entries Madak 13, WAB P1-HP and NDGR 268 are highly resistant to yellow stem borer and may be used as donors for yellow stem borer resistance in breeding program. Chatterjee et al. (2011) screened out 51 rice entries along with check varieties and recorded that dead heart tolerant promising rice entries were Anjali, Pusa RH 10, ADT 44, JKRH 10, Pant Dhan 19, Gorsa, CSR 27, IC , LF 270 and after flowering CHOORAPUNDY, INRC 3021, PTB 12, CR-MR-1523, LF 256 and AGANNI were the promising tolerant rice entries against white ear head. They also concluded that CSR 23, TNAU , ARC 6626, IC , AGANNI, IC and ARC 5982 were tolerant to rice leaf folder. Balasubramanian et al. (2000) screened 178 advanced Fig. 1: Insect-pest infestation on different rice entries 670 yield trial genotypes of rice for their reaction to insect pests under natural conditions. The damage score was recorded as per Standard Evaluation System (SES) of IRRI, Philippines. The genotypes, IET and IET against YSB and IET against rice leaf folder were found to be moderately resistant out of 178 total genotypes. Singh et al. (2006) screened fifty three cultivars of rice against S. incertulas under natural infestation. Observations on the basis of per cent damage incidence of YSB were recorded and the result revealed that eighteen rice varieties were totally free from stem borer damage in terms of DH and WE. In this present experiment, on 35, no leaf folder damage was noticed in CR CN-12-2 and DRRH 2 and the lowest leaf folder damage were recorded in RP Bio (0.10%) and RP Bio (0.11%) whereas, at 70, the lowest leaf folder damage was noticed in RP 5588 (1.01%) followed by CR (1.45%) and TN 1 (1.48%) (Table 2 and Fig. 1). The lowest average leaf folder infestation was found in RP 5588 (0.57%) followed by DRRH 2 (0.76%), CR (0.88%) and RP 5588-B-B-B-B-116 (0.93%). Pillai et al. (1979) tested relative susceptibility of 491 genotypes against leaf folder and the lines viz. T 289, J 147, J 147, J1 45-7, Kallada chambavu and T 1340 were found to be the most tolerant ones. Sudhakar et al. (1991) evaluated 24 rice varieties in India for resistance against C. medinalis and recorded that IET 7564, ES ; Pusa 2-21 and Type-3 were the least susceptible entries. On 35, the lowest whorl maggot incidence was discernible in RP 5587-B-B-B (4.78%) followed by RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 (5.09%),

5 Field screening of different rice entries against different insect-pests of rice during kharif season RP 5588-B-B-B (5.16%) and RP 5588-B-B-B-133 (5.29%) (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Therefore, this present experiment concluded that CN , CN and W 1263 have multiple resistance traits against all the test insect-pests namely, stem borer, leaf folder and whorl maggot, CR , RP 5587-B-B-B , CN , IET and CN against stem borer and leaf folder and RP , RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 and RNT against stem borer and whorl maggot. Conclusion This experiment concluded that CN , CN and W 1263 are the multiple resistant entries against stem borer, leaf folder and whorl maggot of rice, CR , RP 5587-B-B-B , CN , IET and CN against stem borer and leaf folder and RP , RP 5588-B-B-B-B-76 and RNT against stem borer and whorl maggot. References Alvim, G.S.J., Collevatti, R.G. and Fernandes, G.W Effects of genetic variability and habitat of Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) on Herbivory by Freefeeding and Gall-forming Insects. Annals of Botany 94: Anonymous, Directorate of Economics and Statistics. New Delhi, Govt. of India. Balasubramanianan, V., Sadakathulla, S., Subramanian, M. and Ramanathan, S Screening Rice Entries of AICRIP in advanced yield trial for Resistance to Insect Pests of Rice. International Plant Resistance to Insects 26: 52. Chatterjee, S., Nayak, U.S., Mandal, P. and Singh, N.J Screening of rice cultivars against rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) during kharif season in the new alluvial zone of West Bengal. Journal of Plant Protection and Environment 8(1): Chatterjee Sitesh and Mondal Palash (2014) Management of rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker using some biorational insecticides. Journal of Biopesticides 7(supp): Felkl, G., Jensen, E.B., Kristiansen, K. and Andersen, S.B Tolerance and antibiosis resistance to cabbage root fly in vegetable Brassica species. Ent. Experiment. Appl. 116: Lal, D., Shashidhar, H.E., Ramanjini, P.H.G., Ashok, T.H Callus Induction and Regeneration from In vitro anther culture of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 7(2): Painter, R Insect resistance in crop plants. MacMillan, New-York, p Pillai, K.B., Nair, N.R. and Thomas, M.J Relative susceptibility of some rice varieties to infestation by rice leaf folder. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala 17: 298 Prasad S.S., Gupta P.K., Singh, R.V., Prakash, N. and Mishra 2013 Screening of semi deep water rice genotypes against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker). J. P. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2(11): Rajasekar, N., Jeyakumar, P Differential response of trifloxystrobin in combination with tebuconazole on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology 6(1): Singh Prakash, Singh Ravi, P., Singh, H.B., Singh, O.N., Samantray, S., Singh, M.K. and Jaiswal, H.K Inheritance of resistance in indica rice cultivar HUR 4-3 against bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). IJAEB 7(4): Singh, R.B., Singh, R.A., Dwivedi, J.L. and Chaudhary, R.K Reaction of different rice varieties/cultivars against leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guen. and stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker under irrigated conditions. Journal of Plant Protection and Environment 3: Stadler, E Plant chemical cues important for egg deposition by herbivorous insects. In: Chemoecology of insect eggs and egg deposition (eds. Hilker, M. and T. Meiners). Blackwell, Oxford, pp Sudhakar, G.K., Singh, R. and Mishra, S.B Susceptibility of rice varieties of different durations to rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guen. evaluated under varied land situations. Journal of Entomological Research 15: Visalakshmi, V., Hari Satyanarayna, N., Jyothula, D.P.B, Raju, M.R.B. and Ramana Murthy, K.V Screening of rice germplasm for resistance to yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 4(2):

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