Chapter 6 General Anatomy and Physiology

Transcription

1 Chapter 6 General Anatomy and Physiology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye is. a. anatomy c. biology b. physiology d. pathology Anatomy is the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized. It is the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts. PTS: 1 REF: p. 144 OBJ: LO: 6.1 Define and explain the importance of anatomy, physiology, and histology to the barbering profession. 2. The study of the functions and activities performed by the body s structures is. a. anatomy c. biology b. physiology d. pathology Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body s structures. PTS: 1 REF: p. 144 OBJ: LO: 6.1 Define and explain the importance of anatomy, physiology, and histology to the barbering profession. 3. The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is called. a. histology c. gross anatomy b. physiology d. biology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues. PTS: 1 REF: p. 145 OBJ: LO: 6.1 Define and explain the importance of anatomy, physiology, and histology to the barbering profession. 4. Cells. a. can be easily seen with the naked eye b. make up our organs but not our bones c. are responsible for carrying on all life processes d. are non-living Cells are responsible for carrying on all life processes. PTS: 1 REF: p. 145 OBJ: LO: 6.2 Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. 5. The part of the cell that contains material for the cell to grow, reproduce, and self-repair is the. a. nucleus c. protoplasm b. cytoplasm d. Golgi apparatus

2 The cytoplasm is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 145 OBJ: LO: 6.2 Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. 6. The cell membrane. a. allows soluble substances to enter and leave the cell b. is the center of the cell c. is the food source for the cell d. is impermeable to soluble substances The cell membrane is the cell wall that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell. PTS: 1 REF: p. 146 OBJ: LO: 6.2 Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. 7. Which cell structure can be visualized as the yolk in the middle of a raw egg? a. Cell membrane. c. Nucleus. b. Cytoplasm. d. Protoplasm. You can visualize the nucleus as the yolk in the middle of a raw egg. PTS: 1 REF: p. 145 OBJ: LO: 6.2 Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. 8. Mitosis is the process of cell. a. digestion c. reproduction b. mating d. death Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells. PTS: 1 REF: p. 146 OBJ: LO: 6.2 Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. 9. What is an unfavorable condition for cell growth? a. Suitable temperatures. b. Presence of toxins. c. Supply of food. d. Ability to eliminate waste products. Unfavorable conditions for cell growth and reproduction are toxins (poisons), disease, and injury. PTS: 1 REF: p. 146 OBJ: LO: 6.2 Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction. 10. Which type of tissues bind together, protect, and support the various parts of the body? a. Epithelial tissue. c. Nerve tissue.

3 b. Muscle tissue. d. Connective tissue. Connective tissue is fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body. PTS: 1 REF: p. 147 OBJ: LO: 6.3 Identify and define the types of tissues found in the body. 11. Bones and ligaments are examples of tissue. a. connective c. nerve b. mucous d. lymph Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and adipose tissue. PTS: 1 REF: p. 147 OBJ: LO: 6.3 Identify and define the types of tissues found in the body. 12. Which type of tissue offers a protective covering on body surfaces? a. Epithelial tissue. c. Nerve tissue. b. Muscle tissue. d. Connective tissue. Epithelial tissue is a protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands. PTS: 1 REF: p. 147 OBJ: LO: 6.3 Identify and define the types of tissues found in the body. 13. Organs are structures containing. a. general groups of tissues b. specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions c. a single cell d. non-living matter Organs are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals. PTS: 1 REF: p. 147 OBJ: LO: 6.4 Define organs and body systems. 14. What is a group of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions? a. Body tissues. c. Body systems. b. Body organization. d. Histology. Body systems, also known as systems, are groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. PTS: 1 REF: p. 147 OBJ: LO: 6.4 Define organs and body systems. 15. Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the. a. blood c. bones

4 b. lungs d. skin Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones. PTS: 1 REF: p Red and white blood cells are produced by the system. a. skeletal c. lymph b. cardiovascular d. blood Red and white blood cells are produced by the skeletal system. PTS: 1 REF: p A joint is the connection between. a. two or more bones of the skeleton c. a bone and the skin b. a bone and a ligament d. a bone and an organ A joint is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton. PTS: 1 REF: p There are facial bones and 8 cranial bones in the skull. a. 6 c. 10 b. 8 d. 14 There are 14 facial bones and 8 cranial bones in the skull. PTS: 1 REF: p The parietal bones form the of the cranium. a. sides c. sides and top b. top d. back The parietal bones form the sides and top of the cranium. PTS: 1 REF: p The sphenoid bone. a. joins all of the bones of the cranium together b. is found in the forehead c. forms part of the nasal cavities d. is another name for the lower jaw The sphenoid bone joins all of the bone of the cranium together.

5 PTS: 1 REF: p There are temporal bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region. a. two c. four b. three d. six There are two temporal bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region. PTS: 1 REF: p The nasal bones form. a. the bottom of the nose c. the nostrils b. the bridge of the nose d. the brow ridge The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose. PTS: 1 REF: p The mandible is the bone of the face. a. topmost c. smallest b. weakest d. largest The mandible bone is the largest and strongest bone of the face. PTS: 1 REF: p The hyoid bone is located at the base of the tongue and has a(n) shape. a. T c. V b. U d. O The hyoid bone is a u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue. It supports the tongue and its muscles. PTS: 1 REF: p What is the largest bone in the arm? a. Humerus. c. Radius. b. Ulna. d. Phalanges. The humerus is the largest bone of the arm and extends from the shoulder to the elbow. 26. The muscular system is responsible for.

6 a. circulating blood and lymph b. producing movement within the body c. breathing oxygen d. producing red and white blood cells The muscular system covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton, and its function is to help produce movement within the body to 50 percent of the body s weight is contributed by. a. bones c. muscles b. water d. blood The muscular system consists of over 600 large and small muscles that comprise 40 to 50 percent of the body s weight. 28. A(n) muscle that is not duplicated anywhere else in the body is the cardiac muscle. a. smooth c. involuntary b. striated d. nonstriated An involuntary muscle that is not duplicated anywhere else in the body is the cardiac muscle, or the heart. 29. The muscles found in the internal organs of the body are. a. controlled by will c. attached to the bones b. nonstriated muscles d. voluntary muscles The muscles found in the internal organs of the body, such as the stomach and intestines, are nonstriated (smooth) or involuntary muscles. 30. The part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton is called the. a. origin c. internal attachment b. point d. belly The origin is the part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton.

7 31. The is the part of a muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton. a. origin c. insertion b. belly d. None of the answers are correct. The insertion is the part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton. 32. Muscular tissue may be stimulated by. a. salts c. moist heat b. light rays d. All answers are correct. Muscular tissue may be stimulated by any of the following methods: massage, electric current, light rays, salts, heat rays, moist heat, nerve impulses, and chemicals. PTS: 1 REF: p The frontalis muscle. a. controls chewing c. draws the scalp backward b. controls the smile d. draws the scalp forward The frontalis muscle of the scalp raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead. PTS: 1 REF: p The muscle that draws the scalp backward is the. a. epicranius c. corrugator b. occipitalis d. aponeurosis The occipitalis muscle draws the scalp backward. PTS: 1 REF: p The muscles called auricularis superior, posterior, and anterior control the. a. eye c. nose b. ear d. chin The three muscles of the ear are the auricularis superior, anterior, and posterior. PTS: 1 REF: p The masseter and temporalis muscles are also known as the. a. chewing muscles c. wrinkle makers b. seeing muscles d. smell generators

8 The masseter and temporalis are the main muscles of mastication and are also known as the chewing muscles. PTS: 1 REF: p The orbicularis oculi muscle surrounds the. a. forehead c. eye socket b. mouth d. ear The orbicularis oculi muscle surrounds the eye socket. PTS: 1 REF: p The depressor labii inferioris surrounds the. a. lower lip c. nose b. upper lip d. eye socket The depressor labii inferioris muscle surrounds the lower lip and can lower the lip and draw it to one side. PTS: 1 REF: p The muscle that pulls down the corner of the mouth is the. a. orbicularis oris c. zygomaticus b. mentalis d. triangularis The triangularis muscle extends alongside the chin and pulls down the corner of the mouth. PTS: 1 REF: p The are muscles found in the hands. a. trapezius and platysma c. orbicularis and mentalis b. abductors and adductors d. masseter and temporalis The abductors and adductors are muscles found in the hands. PTS: 1 REF: p Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the system. a. endocrine c. nervous b. skin d. immune Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system.

9 PTS: 1 REF: p The principal components of the nervous system are the. a. nerves c. spinal cord b. brain d. All answers are correct. The principal components of the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves themselves. PTS: 1 REF: p The brain controls the. a. ability to think and feel b. circulation of blood c. breathing motion d. connection between two or more bones The brain controls sensation, muscles, activity of glands, and the power to think, sense, and feel. PTS: 1 REF: p pairs of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord are distributed to the muscles and skin of the trunk and limbs. a. Twelve c. Thirty-one b. Twenty-one d. Forty Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord are distributed to the muscles and skin of the trunk and limbs. PTS: 1 REF: p Dendrites are treelike branchings that carry impulses toward and receive impulses from neurons. a. the lungs c. the cell b. the brain d. the heart Dendrites are treelike branchings of nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell that carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons. PTS: 1 REF: p Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the. a. muscles c. digestive system b. skin d. lungs Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.

10 PTS: 1 REF: p A reflex is a(n) nerve reaction to a stimulus. a. efferent c. motor b. sensory d. automatic A reflex is an automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord. PTS: 1 REF: p The fifth cranial nerve is the chief nerve of the face. a. motor c. mixed b. sensory d. facial The fifth cranial nerve is the chief sensory nerve of the face and serves as the motor never of the muscles that control chewing. PTS: 1 REF: p The three branches of the trifacial nerve are the ophthalmic,, and maxillary. a. cervical c. mandibular b. mental d. greater occipital The three branches of the trifacial nerve are the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary. PTS: 1 REF: p The branches of the cranial nerve affected by massage include the supraorbital nerve, zygomatic nerve, and infraorbital nerve. a. first c. fifth b. third d. seventh The branches of the fifth cranial nerve that are affected by massage include the supraorbital nerve, zygomatic nerve, and infraorbital nerve. In addition the auriculotemporal nerve, infratrochlear nerve, mental nerve, nasal nerve, and supratrochlear nerve are affected by massage. PTS: 1 REF: p The seventh cranial nerve is the chief nerve of the face. a. motor c. spinal b. sensory d. cranial The seventh cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face.

11 PTS: 1 REF: p The smaller occipital nerve is located. a. on top of the head c. at the base of the skull b. by the eye d. in the neck The smaller (lesser) occipital nerve is located at the base of the skull and affects the scalp and muscles of this region. PTS: 1 REF: p Another name for the cardiovascular system is the system. a. lymph c. circulatory b. blood d. nervous The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system or vascular system. PTS: 1 REF: p The circulatory system consists of the. a. heart c. capillaries b. veins d. All answers are correct. The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries that distribute blood throughout the body. PTS: 1 REF: p What body structure is known as the body s pump? a. The heart. c. The lungs. b. The brain. d. The liver. The heart is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system. It is often referred to as the body s pump. PTS: 1 REF: p The circulation system takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the heart so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body. a. basic c. systemic b. general d. pulmonary The pulmonary circulation system takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the heart so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.

12 PTS: 1 REF: p The function of the is to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles. a. veins c. arteries b. capillaries d. venules The function of the arteries is to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles. PTS: 1 REF: p The blood vessels that connect the smaller to venules are the capillaries. a. nerves c. vesicles b. arteries d. lacteals The blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules are the capillaries. PTS: 1 REF: p Blood carries away and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, and large intestines. a. oxygen c. carbon dioxide b. white blood cells d. lymph Blood carries away carbon dioxide and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, and large intestines. PTS: 1 REF: p Which artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear? a. External carotid artery. c. Superior labial artery. b. Internal carotid artery. d. Inferior labial artery. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear. PTS: 1 REF: p Blood is supplied to the by the facial artery. a. scalp b. neck and shoulders c. forehead and eyes d. lower region of the face, mouth, and nose The facial artery, also known as the external maxillary artery, supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.

13 PTS: 1 REF: p Lymph appears. a. as a thick yellow fluid c. mixed with blood b. as a clear watery fluid d. only in the lungs Lymph is a clear liquid that circulates in the lymph spaces of the body. PTS: 1 REF: p Which body system serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body s temperature? a. Skeletal system. c. Integumentary system. b. Lymphatic system. d. Circulatory system. The integumentary system serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body s temperature. PTS: 1 REF: p The are examples of endocrine glands. a. thyroid and pituitary glands c. sweat and oil glands b. follicles d. hairs The thyroid and pituitary glands are examples of endocrine glands. PTS: 1 REF: p The of the skin are examples of exocrine glands. a. thyroid and pituitary glands c. sweat and oil glands b. follicles d. hairs The sweat and oil glands of the skin are examples of exocrine glands. PTS: 1 REF: p Which system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another? a. Muscular system. c. Circulatory system. b. Lymphatic system. d. Reproductive system. The reproductive system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another. PTS: 1 REF: p. 167