Biology 211 (1) Exam 4! Chapter 12!

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1 Biology 211 (1) Exam 4 Chapter Why does replication occurs in an uncondensed state? A is a single strand of DNA. When DNA is added to associated protein molecules, it is referred to as. 3. Diagram the cell cycle, labeling the G1, G2, S and M phases. 4. Chromosome replication occurs only during phase. 5. Describe each phase of mitosis in the following chart: Mitotic Phase (In Order) Description Drawing 1 of 7

2 Mitotic Phase (In Order) Description Drawing 6. Compare and contrast G1, G2 and M checkpoints. Why is it important for the cell cycle to have checkpoints? What is the difference between polar microtubules and kinetochore microtubules? 1. Polar microtubules: 2. Kinetochore microtubules: 8. What is p53? What would happen to a cell that has a damaged p53 gene so that it cannot make functional p53 protein? 9. tumors are not cancerous. tumors are cancerous and go through, which is when the cancer moves to other parts of the body and create a new tumor. 2 of 7

3 Chapter Complete the crossword puzzle found on course.php?id=914. The crossword puzzle is named Chapter 13 Worksheet. 2. Briefly describe the different processes in Meiosis Meiosis I and Meiosis II. 3. How many and what ploidy of daughter cells are produced during Meiosis? 4. What is the difference during Metaphase I and Metaphase II of Meiosis? a. Metaphase I: b. Metaphase II: 3 of 7

4 Chapter Compare and contrast the concepts of particulate inheritance and blending inheritance. a. Blending Inheritance: b. Particulate Inheritance: 2. What would eventually happen if the blending theory of inheritance was true? 3. Who provided the groundwork of basic genetics? Which hypothesis was supported by his experiments? 4. What does it mean to have a true-breeding parent? 5. What is the difference between genes and alleles? 6. Alleles can either be or. 7. Compare and contrast genotype and phenotype. Is Aa heterozygous or homozygous and is it a genotype or phenotype? Is A a dominant or a recessive allele? 8. Do individuals with the same genotype always have the same phenotype? Why or why not? 9. Are pure-line peas homozygous or heterozygous? Do the terms homozygous and heterozygous describe an organism s genotype or phenotype? 10. What is the purpose of a test cross? 11. What is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation if you begin with pure line yellow-seeded plants (YY) and pure-line green-seeded plants (yy). What is the genotype ratio in the F1 and F2 generations? Draw Punnett Squares to help answer the problem. 4 of 7

5 a. Parent 1: (YY) Parent 2: (yy) b. F1 c. F2 d. Ratio of phenotypes in F2 > e. Genotype ratio in F1 > f. Genotype ratio in F2 > 12. One parent is homozygous dominant for two traits: round and yellow seeds. The other parent is homozygous recessive for those two traits: round and yellow seeds. Create a dihybrid cross for the F2 Generation of the true breeding parents. 13. Describe the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. a. Law of Segregation: b. Law of Independent Assortment: 14. Define each of the following terms: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance. a. Complete dominance: 5 of 7

6 b. Incomplete dominance: c. Codominance: 15. Why is incomplete dominance not blending inheritance? 16. is when individual genes affect more than one phenotypic character. What is an example of this? 6 of 7

7 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 1. described the process of meiosis in described the significance of meiosis in cell division in was the first scientist to support Mendel s laws between 1877 and was skeptical about Mendelian genetics and did experiments using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly). 2. What does the Chromosome Theory of Heredity propose? 3. Define the following terminology: a. Wildtype: b. Mutant: c. Vestigial: 4. Eye color is linked to the sex of the individual. Only the chromosome has a copy of that gene. 5. What would the genotype and phenotype of a female fly with white eyes be if it was crossed with a male that had X(W+) and Y chromosomes. a. Genotype: b. Phenotype: 6. are genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together. 7 of 7