REPRODUCTION. 7 th Grade Science Mr. Banks

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1 REPRODUCTION 7 th Grade Science Mr. Banks

2 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction?

3 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To continue the species.

4 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To continue the species. Think about this, if an individual doesn t reproduce, it will end a chain of reproduction stretching back to the beginning of life.

5 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To continue the species. Think about this, if an individual doesn t reproduce, it will end a chain of reproduction stretching back to the beginning of life on earth. It s generally considered to be the main goal of life.

6 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To pass genes from one generation to another.

7 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To pass genes from one generation to another. A gene is information contained within each cell in the form of DNA.

8 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To pass genes from one generation to another. A gene is information contained within each cell in the form of DNA. The gene determines the traits of an individual.

9 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? To pass genes from one generation to another. A gene is information contained within each cell in the form of DNA. The gene determines the traits of an individual. We get all of our gene from our parents. Which is why we look so much like them!

10 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? Survival of the fittest the individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce.

11 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? Survival of the fittest the individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce. Meaning that the best individuals will reproduce more and spread their successful traits.

12 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? Survival of the fittest the individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce. Meaning that the best individuals will reproduce more and spread their successful traits. This is one of the major components of evolutionary theory.

13 All living things reproduce. But what is the purpose of reproduction? Survival of the fittest the individuals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce. Meaning that the best individuals will reproduce more and spread their successful traits. This is one of the major components of evolutionary theory.

14 Two types of reproduction Sexual reproduction The process of creating a new organism from the combining of genes from two parents. Asexual reproduction The process of creating a new organism from one the genes from one parent.

15 Two types of reproduction Sexual reproduction The process of creating a new organism from the combining of genes from two parents.

16 Two types of reproduction Sexual reproduction The process of creating a new organism from the combining of genes from two parents. Asexual reproduction

17 Two types of reproduction Sexual reproduction The process of creating a new organism from the combining of genes from two parents. Asexual reproduction The process of creating a new organism from one the genes from one parent.

18 Asexual reproduction One parent

19 Asexual reproduction One parent All of the genes in the offspring come from a single parent

20 Asexual reproduction One parent All of the genes in the offspring come from a single parent Meaning that the offspring will be more or less an exact copy of the parent.

21 Asexual reproduction One parent All of the genes in the offspring come from a single parent Meaning that the offspring will be more or less an exact copy of the parent. No sex, no sperm, no egg, no male, no female

22 Asexual reproduction - Fission Fission

23 Asexual reproduction - Fission Fission Basically, the parent grows, copies it s DNA, and when large enough it divides itself in half.

24 Asexual reproduction - Fission Fission Basically, the parent grows, copies it s DNA, and when large enough it divides itself in half. very common in single celled organisms like bacteria.

25 Asexual reproduction - Fission Fission Basically, the parent grows, copies it s DNA, and when large enough it divides itself in half. very common in single celled organisms like bacteria.

26 Asexual reproduction - Fission Fission Basically, the parent grows, copies it s DNA, and when large enough it divides itself in half. very common in single celled organisms like bacteria.

27 Asexual reproduction - Fission Fission Basically, the parent grows, copies it s DNA, and when large enough it divides itself in half. very common in single celled organisms like bacteria.

28 Asexual reproduction Budding Budding

29 Asexual reproduction Budding Budding A smaller copy of the parent grows from the side of the parent and at some point separates to form it s own organism.

30 Asexual reproduction Budding Budding A smaller copy of the parent grows from the side of the parent and at some point separates to form it s own organism. Found in Sponges, yeast, and hydra

31 Asexual reproduction Budding Budding A smaller copy of the parent grows from the side of the parent and at some point separates to form it s own organism. Found in Sponges, yeast, and hydra

32 Asexual reproduction Budding Budding A smaller copy of the parent grows from the side of the parent and at some point separates to form it s own organism. Found in Sponges, yeast, and hydra

33 Asexual reproduction Spores Spores

34 Asexual reproduction Spores Spores specialized cells in the parent turn into spores which will grow into new organisms.

35 Asexual reproduction Spores Spores specialized cells in the parent turn into spores which will grow into new organisms. Spores are kind of like seeds, they are tough and able to survive harsh environments.

36 Asexual reproduction Spores Spores specialized cells in the parent turn into spores which will grow into new organisms. Spores are kind of like seeds, they are tough and able to survive harsh environments. When conditions are right they will grow into a new individual.

37 Asexual reproduction Spores Spores specialized cells in the parent turn into spores which will grow into new organisms. Spores are kind of like seeds, they are tough and able to survive harsh environments. When conditions are right they will grow into a new individual. Found in fungi, ferns, and algae

38 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation

39 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation Happens when the parent is broken up into pieces. If the pieces contain the right parts of the parent they will grow into a new individual.

40 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation Happens when the parent is broken up into pieces. If the pieces contain the right parts of the parent they will grow into a new individual. Often occurs by accident

41 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation Happens when the parent is broken up into pieces. If the pieces contain the right parts of the parent they will grow into a new individual. Often occurs by accident Generally not the primary form of reproduction

42 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation Happens when the parent is broken up into pieces. If the pieces contain the right parts of the parent they will grow into a new individual. Often occurs by accident Generally not the primary form of reproduction Found in some worms, some plants, sponges, and starfish Planarian (flatworm)

43 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation Happens when the parent is broken up into pieces. If the pieces contain the right parts of the parent they will grow into a new individual. Often occurs by accident Generally not the primary form of reproduction Found in some worms, some plants, sponges, and starfish

44 Asexual reproduction Fragmentation Fragmentation Happens when the parent is broken up into pieces. If the pieces contain the right parts of the parent they will grow into a new individual. Often occurs by accident Generally not the primary form of reproduction Found in some worms, some plants, sponges, and starfish

45 Sexual reproduction Two parents The genes in the offspring come from the combining of two reproductive cells (like sperm and egg) The traits of the offspring are a combination of the traits of the parents

46 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code

47 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism.

48 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism. A full set of an organism s DNA, the full code, is stored in most of the cells of the body.

49 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism. A full set of an organism s DNA, the full code, is stored in most of the cells of the body.

50 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism. A full set of an organism s DNA, the full code, is stored in most of the cells of the body.

51 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism. A full set of an organism s DNA, the full code, is stored in most of the cells of the body. Red blood cells do not contain any DNA

52 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism. A full set of an organism s DNA, the full code, is stored in most of the cells of the body. The code tells these cells what to make/do in order to make the organism and keep it functioning.

53 DNA, genes, and traits The genes of an organism make up its genetic code This code is spelled out in the DNA of an organism. A full set of an organism s DNA, the full code, is stored in most of the cells of the body. The code tells these cells what to make/do in order to make the organism and keep it functioning. By following the orders of the DNA, our cells create our traits.

54 Chromosomes In plants and animals, the DNA is divided up into chromosomes.

55 Chromosomes In plants and animals, the DNA is divided up into chromosomes. Chromosomes are tightly packed bundles of DNA.

56 Chromosomes In plants and animals, the DNA is divided up into chromosomes. Chromosomes are tightly packed bundles of DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes that are arranged in pairs.

57 Chromosomes In plants and animals, the DNA is divided up into chromosomes. Chromosomes are tightly packed bundles of DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes that are arranged in pairs. We get 23 from each of our parents.

58 Chromosomes In plants and animals, the DNA is divided up into chromosomes. Chromosomes are tightly packed bundles of DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes that are arranged in pairs. We get 23 from each of our parents = 46

59 Reproductive cells The cells responsible for reproduction are called gametes.

60 Reproductive cells The cells responsible for reproduction are called gametes. Alone a single gamete cannot grow into an organism.

61 Reproductive cells The cells responsible for reproduction are called gametes. Alone a single gamete cannot grow into an organism. Contain half of the DNA of the parent (23 chromosomes in humans.

62 Reproductive cells The cells responsible for reproduction are called gametes. Alone a single gamete cannot grow into an organism. Contain half of the DNA of the parent (23 chromosomes in humans. When the two reproductive cells combine they make a full set of chromosomes (46 in humans).

63 Reproductive cells Sperm Small, tadpole-like gamete produced by males.

64 Reproductive cells Sperm Small, tadpole-like gamete produced by males. Capable of swimming.

65 Reproductive cells Sperm Small, tadpole-like gamete produced by males. Capable of swimming. Most of the cell is DNA and energy-generating mitochondria.

66 Reproductive cells Sperm Small, tadpole-like gamete produced by males. Capable of swimming. Most of the cell is DNA and energy-generating mitochondria. Egg Large, round gamete produced by females.

67 Reproductive cells Sperm Small, tadpole-like gamete produced by males. Capable of swimming. Most of the cell is DNA and energy-generating mitochondria. Egg Large, round gamete produced by females. Much more like a normal cell.

68 Reproductive cells Sperm Small, tadpole-like gamete produced by males. Capable of swimming. Most of the cell is DNA and energy-generating mitochondria. Egg Large, round gamete produced by females. Much more like a normal cell.

69 Fertilization When an egg and sperm join it is known as fertilization.

70 Fertilization When an egg and sperm join it is known as fertilization. When the two join so do their chromosomes.

71 Fertilization When an egg and sperm join it is known as fertilization. When the two join so do their chromosomes. Only one sperm will join with each egg.

72 Fertilization When an egg and sperm join it is known as fertilization. When the two join so do their chromosomes. Only one sperm will join with each egg. The cell created by the joining is known as a zygote.

73 Fertilization When an egg and sperm join it is known as fertilization. When the two join so do their chromosomes. Only one sperm will join with each egg. The cell created by the joining is known as a zygote. This is the cell that will grow into a new organism.

74 Growth of the offspring The zygote immediately begins to grow and develop.

75 Growth of the offspring The zygote immediately begins to grow and develop. From the time of fertilization to when the offspring is born/hatched it is called an embryo.

76 Growth of the offspring The zygote immediately begins to grow and develop. From the time of fertilization to when the offspring is born/hatched it is called an embryo. The single cell divides over and over, growing larger and more complex with time until it is ready to be born/hatched.

77 Growth of the offspring The zygote immediately begins to grow and develop. From the time of fertilization to when the offspring is born/hatched it is called an embryo. The single cell divides over and over, growing larger and more complex with time until it is ready to be born/hatched.

78 Growth of the offspring The zygote immediately begins to grow and develop. From the time of fertilization to when the offspring is born/hatched it is called an embryo. The single cell divides over and over, growing larger and more complex with time until it is ready to be born/hatched. Once human embryos grow to a certain size they are referred to as a fetus.

79 Watch the following video of the development of a chicken embryo

80 Now a video of human development First a quick review of female reproductive system

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