PROTISTA. The paraphyletic, nonfungi, + Even MORE new words to remember!
|
|
- Tyler Hunt
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PROTISTA The paraphyletic, nonfungi, non-animal, nonplant Eucarya + Even MORE new words to remember!
2 Key Points Origin of eukaryotes via symbiosis Origin of classification based on functional (ecological) traits Current classification based on phylogenetic principles Alternation of generations prominent
3 General 1. Eukaryotes are mostly unicellular. 2. Mixed history of classification: Protista an informal term of convenience for non-fungal, non-plant, non-animal eukaryotes. 3. From amoeba to giant kelp, arranged functionally.
4 Functional arrangements a. Animal-like heterotrophic protists: Protozoa. b. Absorptive or fungus-like protists: Pseudopodians. c. Plant-like photosynthetic protists: Algae d. Mixotrophs All of these groups are polyphyletic
5 Protists are 1. the earliest Eukaryotes a. True nucleus b. Cytoplasmic organelles c. ~2.2 bya 2. always associated with water, dampness, or body fluids a. Plankton, parasitic
6 3. aerobic (almost all) and have mitochondria for cellular respiration. 4. photoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, or both (mixotrophs). a. Note NO photoheterotrophs nor chemoautotrophs. Protists are
7 Protists are 5. motile: most have flagella or cilia or pseudopodia at some stage. 6. asexual or truly sexual (true meiosis and mitosis) flagella
8 The Origin of Eukaryotes How to make a Eukaryote About 2.5 bya prokaryotes had diversified into many types. But the small size and limited genome of prokaryotes constrained their evolution. So how did Eukaryotes become possible?
9 The Origin of Eukaryotes How to make a Eukaryote Eukaryotic cell: true nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles Membrane-enclosed structures with specialized function Some with own genome (mitochondria, chloroplasts) This compartmentalization allowed the evolution of larger cells. But how?
10 Endosymbiosis A sequence of events in which specialized prokaryotes live within larger prokaryotes in symbiotic relationship. Some became mitochondria and some chloroplasts. Both were important in an increasingly aerobic world. Aerobic α-proteobacterium è mitochondrion Eukaryotic chemoheterotroph Ancestral Archaean & evolution of nucleus Cyanobacterium è chloroplast Eukaryotic photoautotroph
11 Endosymbiosis Model supported by similarity in structure and RNA between certain prokaryotes and corresponding eukaryote organelles. By alternative genetic code (DNA sequence translation to amino acids). Mitochondria: α- proteobacteria are relatives. Plastids (chloroplast and some non-photosynthetic): cyanobacteria are relatives. Aerobic α-proteobacterium è mitochondrion Eukaryotic chemoheterotroph Ancestral Archaean & evolution of nucleus Cyanobacterium è chloroplast Eukaryotic photoautotroph
12 Protist Diversity Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Excavata Note that the vast majority of eukaryotic diversity is protistan and unicellular. Is Protista monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic? How does this phylogeny indicate that the difference between paraphyletic and polyphyletic is fuzzy? Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Green algae Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Forams Cercozoans Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Land plants Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta
13 Protist Diversity Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Excavata Protozoans Excavata I. Alveolata II. Opisthokonts (not covered now) Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Forams Cercozoans Radiolarians SAR clade Algal Protists IV. Stramenopiles V. Archaeplastids Pseudopodians VI. Rhizarians VII. Amoebozoans Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Green algae Red algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Land plants Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Archaeplastida Unikonta
14 Protist Diversity Protozoans Excavata I. Alveolata II. Opisthokonts (not covered now) Algal Protists IV. Stramenopiles V. Archaeplastids Pseudopodians VI. Rhizarians VII. Amoebozoans Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Green algae Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Forams Cercozoans Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Land plants Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Excavata SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta
15 Protist Diversity Protozoans Excavata I. Alveolata II. Opisthokonts (not covered now) Algal Protists IV. Stramenopiles V. Archaeplastids Pseudopodians VI. Rhizarians VII. Amoebozoans Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Green algae Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Forams Cercozoans Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Land plants Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Excavata SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta
16 Excavata Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans
17 Often anaerobic What eukaryotic feature could be modified? Excavata: Parasites Giardia can be a severe intestinal parasite
18 Excavata: Parasites Diplomonads: Small, simple mitochondria (mitosomes) Not involved in cellular respiration Involved in maturation of iron-sulfur proteins Two separate nuclei Function unclear, NOT duplicated genomes Giardia can be a severe intestinal parasite
19 Excavata: Parasites Parabasilids with reduced mitochondria: hydrogenosomes Responsible for some anaerobic metabolism Anaerobic, flagellated protozoa Include Trichomonas vaginalis, the most common protistan STD
20 Excavata: Euglenozoans All characterized by spiral, crystalline rod inside flagella. Kinetoplastids: Heterotrophs including Trypanosoma Kinetoplastid: organelle housing extraneous DNA Euglenids: Often mixotrophs Photosynthesize in light Heterotrophic via phagocytosis in dark
21 Alveolata What is its sister-clade? Members of the Chromalveolata probably can photosynthesize because of the secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga. Characterized by small, membrane-bound cavities, alveoli Likely originated by secondary endosymbiosis
22 Figure 28.2 Plastid Dinoflagellates Cyanobacterium Membranes are represented as dark lines in the cell. Red alga Secondary endosymbiosis Apicomplexans Primary endosymbiosis Stramenopiles Heterotrophic eukaryote One of these membranes was lost in red and green algal descendants. Secondary endosymbiosis Secondary endosymbiosis Plastid Euglenids Green alga Chlorarachniophytes
23 Alveolata: Dinoflagellates Marine & freshwater photosynthetic (~50%) phytoplankton Some predators Some parasitic on fish Most unicellular Cellulose armor and paired flagella produce spinning movement. Explosive population blooms result in red tides.
24 Alveolata: Dinoflagellates Zooxanthellae: Important mutualists with corals (also jellyfish, clams, sea slugs, and other protists). Obligate mutualism for many coral: provide carbohydrates via photosynthesis, get protection. Coral bleaching: Death or expulsion of zooxanthellae leads to death of corals.
25 Alveolata: Apicomplexans Parasites of animals Release tiny infectious cells (sporozoites) that have specialized ability to penetrate into host cells and tissues. Complex life history Sexual & Asexual reproduction Often multiple hosts E.g. Plasmodium, mosquitoes, and humans
26 Move and feed by cilia. Very diverse group with complex cells. Alveolata: Ciliates Manage to be aggressive predators and unicellular Two types of nuclei: macronucleus and micronuclei (convert back and forth). Asexual reproduction via mitosis and cytokinesis. Sexual reproduction via meiosis and conjugation
27 Algal Protists Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Excavata Single-celled, colonial, or truly multicellular ( seaweeds ) Freshwater or marine Important in aquatic food webs All have chlorophyll a (the primary pigment) Accessory pigments: Carotenoids: yellow-orange Xanthophylls: brownish Phycobilin: red and blue Account for 1/2 of global photosynthetic production Various life cycles, but alternation of generations is key Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Green algae Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Forams Cercozoans Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Land plants Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals SAR clade Archaeplastida Unikonta
28 Sister-clade to Alveolates Hair-like projections on flagellae Photoautotrophs Chloroplasts derived from eukaryotic symbiont (recall 2 endosymbiosis) Oomycetes have lost chloroplasts and are heterotrophic Stramenopila
29 Stramenopila: Diatoms Olive-brown or yellow (Bacillariophyta) What pigments are responsible for these?
30 Stramenopila: Diatoms Olive-brown or yellow Xanthophylls & carotenoids Freshwater & marine Distinctive cell structure based on silica wall matrix. Excellent index fossils. Form massive sediments. (Bacillariophyta)
31 Stramenopila: Brown algae Carotenoids; xanthophylls Why do so many marine photosynthesizers use auxiliary pigments? Marine, multicellular. Common in cool coastal water. Some giant (100m) have fastest linear growth of any organism (60m/ season); e.g. Macrocystis, giant bladder kelp. (Phaeophyta)
32 Stramenopila: Brown algae Truly multicellular thallus, independently derived separate tissue specialization: Holdfast: rootlike anchor Stipe: stemlike structure Blades: leaflike structure where majority of photosynthesis occurs True alternation of generations (Phaeophyta)
33 Alternation of Generations Life cycles in which both haploid and diploid stages are multicellular. Also evolved independently in plants and fungi. Divided into haploid gametophyte generation and diploid sporophyte generation
34 Stramenopila: Oomycetes Water molds, white rusts, mildews Heterotrophs, lack chloroplasts Important in organic decomposition in aquatic environments Some (especially mildews) harmful plant pathogens. Potato blight Phytophthora infestans
35 Archaeplastids (the non-plant ones) Rhodophyta (Red Algae) Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
36 Archaeplastids: Red Algae (not all red, red to black). Multicellular, most marine (some fresh). Abundant in warm coastal tropics. Some in very deep water (ca 250m). No flagellated stages in life cycle. Chloroplasts from primary cyanobacteria symbiont. (Rhodophyta)
37 Archaeplastids: Green Algae (Chlorophyta) 7,000 species, most diverse Protista after diatoms. Shared common ancestry with plants. Like red algae, chloroplasts from primary cyanobacteria symbiont. Synapomorphy of Archaeplastids Mostly unicellular Mostly fresh water Chlamydomonas, a single-cellular freshwater green alga
38 Green algae life histories But have quite a diversity in life history Can inhabit damp soils. Can live symbiotically with protozoa, invertebrates, fungi Note that lichens can also be associations between fungi and cyanobacteria or brown algae or yellowgreen algae (a stramenopile we didn t cover)
39 Green algae life histories Larger size and greater complexity evolved by three different mechanisms: 1. Colony formation (e.g. Volvox in pond scum) 2. True multicellularity, complete with alternation of generations (e.g. the sea lettuce, Ulva) 3. Supercellularity: repeated division of nuclei with no cytoplasmic division, similar to fungal hyphae or slime molds (e.g. in Caulerpa)
40 Pseudopodians Diplomonads Parabasalids Euglenozoans Excavata Eukaryotes with Pseudopodia that move and feed by cellular extensions. Pseudopodia is a generic term for extensions that can bulge from any portion of the cell. Stramenopiles Alveolates Rhizarians Green algae Diatoms Golden algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Forams Cercozoans Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Charophytes Land plants SAR clade Archaeplastida Much like wing, this does not indicate homology. Amoebozoans Opisthokonts Slime molds Tubulinids Entamoebas Nucleariids Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals Unikonta
41 Rhizarians Originally united by DNA sequence data. Pseudopodia are threadlike.
42 Rhizaria: Foraminiferans All marine, primarily in sand, attached to algae, or occur as plankton. Encased in multichambered, coiled, snail-like shells (tests) made of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ) More than 90% of known diversity are from fossils Deposition of CaCO 3 tests creates limestones and chalks. Cytoplasm can be uninucleate or multinucleate and extends through tests as pseudopodia. Some tests >5cm in diameter. Forams
43 Rhizaria: Radiolaria ray feet or axopodia: numerous slender pseudopodia reinforced by microtubules. Used for flotation and feeding: food sticks to axopods, engulfed and transported by cytoplasm Important component of plankton: Heliozoans in freshwater Radiolarians in marine Shells of silica often deposited in sediments
44 Amoebozoans root-like foot Pseudopodia are lobe- or tube-shaped Simple, naked, or shelled Unflagellated cells that move via pseudopodia and feed by surrounding and engulfing food (phagocytosis) Sister group of lineages including fungi and animals
45 Amoebozoans : Gymnamoebas & Entamoebas More typical amoebas. Gymnamoeba: Free-living heterotrophs on bacteria or detritus. Entamoebas: All parasitic; No meiosis, reproduce using various asexual modes Include Entamoeba histolytica, responsible for amoebic dysentery
46 Amoebozoans: Slime Molds (Mycetozoans) Superficially resemble fungi In cellular organization and reproduction are obviously amoebozoans.
47 Plasmodial slime molds All heterotrophs, often brightly colored. Feeding stage is a large amoeboid mass called the plasmodium (!). Not multicellular, but multinucleated. Via the process of coenocytosis: repeated division of nuclei without cytoplasmic division. (Myxomycota)
48 Plasmodial slime molds: Alternation of generations Environmental stress
49 Aggregates of individual cells that keep their identity while feeding. Haploid. NOT coenocytic. Reproduce asexually with fruiting bodies. Reproduce sexually as giant cell (grows via consuming other haploid amoebas). Probable inspiration for scene from Terminator 3 Cellular slime molds (Acrasiomycota)
50 Comparative Biology & Cellular Slime molds Researchers at UCSD studying Dictyostelium, a cellular slime mold, found that two genes used to guide the amoeba to food sources are also used used to guide human white blood cells to the sites of infections.
Key Points PROTISTA. Functional arrangements. General. All of these groups are polyphyletic 9/18/14
PROTISTA The paraphyletic, nonfungi, non-animal, nonplant Eucarya + Even MORE new words to remember! Key Points Origin of eukaryotes via symbiosis Origin of classification based on functional (ecological)
More informationProtists 9/11/2017. Endosymbiosis
Protists Chapter 28 Most eukaryotes are single-celled organisms Protists are eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotic cells Most protists are unicellular, but there
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.29 - PROTISTS.
!! www.clutchprep.com Eukrayotic cells are large, have a nucleus, contain membrane-bound organelles, and use a cytoskeleton The nucleus is the synapomorphy that unifies eukaryotes Endosymbiotic theory
More informationProtists. There are NO typical protists. Protist General Characteristics - usually single cell - eukaryotic - paraphyletic group
There are NO typical protists. Protist General Characteristics - usually single cell - eukaryotic - paraphyletic group Traditional Classification There are three divisions of the Kingdom Protista: Protozoa,
More information1. General Features of Protists
Chapter 28: Protists 1. General Features of Protists 2. Survey of the Protista A. The Excavata B. The SAR Clade C. The Archaeplastida D. The Unikonta 1. General Features of Protists All Protists are Eukaryotes
More informationSymbiosis. Symbiosis is a close association between of two or more organisms. Endosymbiosis living within another
PROTISTS Protists constitute several kingdoms within the domain Eukarya Protists obtain their nutrition in a variety of ways Algae are autotrophic protists Protozoans are heterotrophic protists Fungus
More informationProtists. Protists. Protist Feeding Strategies. Protist Body Plans. Endosymbiosis. Protist Reproduction 3/3/2011. Eukaryotes Not a monophyletic group
Protists Protists Eukaryotes Not a monophyletic group Paraphyletic March 3 rd, 2011 Still use the term protist All eukaryotes except Plants, Fungi, Animals Most unicellular Some colonial Some multicelled
More informationOrigins of Eukaryotic Diversity Protists Diversity
Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity Protists Diversity For Lecture, Make sure you know the Water Molds (Oomycota) names and characteris6cs of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows. Characteristics
More information2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
1 4.5 bya 3.5 2.5 1.5 500 mya 1.8 bya 1.5 bya 1.3 bya 1.2 bya 750 mya 635 mya 600 mya 0.5 cm 550 mya 535 mya 1 cm 20 µm (a) A 1.8-billionyear-old fossil eukaryote (b) Tappania, a 1.5-billion-year-old fossil
More informationProtists. Chapter 28. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 28 Protists PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Overview:
More informationProtists. Chapter 28. Overview: Living Small. Concept 28.1: Most eukaryotes are single-celled organisms
Chapter 28 Protists Overview: Living Small Even a low-power microscope can reveal a great variety of organisms in a drop of pond water Protist is the informal name of the group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes
More informationProtists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring 2014
Protists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring 2014 Meet the algae 1 Protist Phylogeny Algae - Not monophyletic What unites them as a group? Range from unicellular to multicellular From phytoplankton to kelp forests
More informationProtists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring Protist Phylogeny. Meet the algae. Primary & Secondary Endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis. Secondary Endosymbiosis
Meet the algae Protists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring 2014 Protist Phylogeny 1 Primary & Secondary Endosymbiosis 2 Algae - Not monophyletic What unites them as a group? Range from unicellular to multicellular
More informationOutline. Diplomonads. Excavata. Parabasalids. Euglenozoans. Diatoms. Golden algae. Brown algae. SAR clade. Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans
BIOSC 041 PROTISTS! Reference: Chapter 28 Outline v General characteristics of protists v Our understanding of the relationships among protist groups continues to change rapidly! v One hypothesis divides
More informationPearson Education, Inc.
1 4.5 bya 3.5 1.5 2.5 500 mya 1.8 bya 1.5 bya 1.3 bya 1.2 bya 550 750 mya 635 mya 600 mya mya 0.5 cm 535 mya 1 cm (a) A 1.8-billionyear-old fossil (b) Tappania, a 1.5-billion-year-old fossil that may represent
More informationLab tomorrow.
Lab tomorrow https://pages.stolaf.edu/angell/readings/ Unit 1 A. The early life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes (Ch24) B. Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes (Ch25) C. Broad Patterns of Evolution
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 28 Protists Lectures by Erin Barley
More informationPROTISTS James Bier
PROTISTS 2013-2015 James Bier Objectives 1. List the characteristics shared among the protists. 2. Describe secondary endosymbiosis and the evidence for this hypothesis. 3. List the five major taxa of
More informationFig. 27-18e 0.5 µm Thiomargarita namibiensis containing sulfur wastes (LM) Fig. 27-18f 10 µm Fruiting bodies of Chondromyces crocatus, a myxobacterium (SEM) Fig. 27-18g 5 µm B. bacteriophorus Bdellovibrio
More informationv How long ago is Earth thought to have formed? v What is thought to have been the first genetic material? v Are we tetrapods?
Biosc 41 Announcements 9/29 v Quick review followed by lecture quiz (history & phylogeny) v Lecture: Protists v Lab: Protozoa (animal-like protists) v Lab exam 1 is Wed! (does not cover today s lab) Review:
More informationEukaryotic photosynthetic cells
Amoeba hunts and kills paramecia and stentor Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells Eukaryotic organelles are odd in many ways Organelles: membrane bound compartments in a cell Nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
More informationAmoeba hunts and kills paramecia and stentor. Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells
Amoeba hunts and kills paramecia and stentor Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells 1 Eukaryotic organelles are odd in many ways Organelles: membrane bound compartments in a cell Nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
More informationChapter 22: Protists
Chapter 22: Protists Protists Protistans are Unlike Prokaryotes Have a nucleus and organelles Have proteins associated with DNA Use microtubules in a cytoskeleton, spindle apparatus, and cilia and flagella
More informationChapter 28 / Protists. I. Introduction A. Eukaryotes 1. 1 st eukaryotic organisms 2. most are unicellular 3. considered simple. Part I: Protozoans
Randa, Bio 1151 1 Chapter 28 / Protists I. Introduction A. Eukaryotes 1. 1 st eukaryotic organisms 2. most are unicellular 3. considered simple B. Protist diversity (ecological grouping) 1. comprised of:
More informationProtists 2/14/2012. Chapter 28. Overview: Living Small. Concept 28.1: Most eukaryotes are single-celled organisms
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 28 Protists Overview: Living Small
More informationProtists The Simplest Eukaryotes. Chapter 22 Part 1
Protists The Simplest Eukaryotes Chapter 22 Part 1 Impacts, Issues The Malaria Menace Plasmodium, a single-celled protist, causes malaria but also manipulates its mosquito and human hosts to maximize its
More informationMETHODS OF CLASSIFYING INTO A CERTAIN KINGDOM: 1. prokaryote OR eukaryote 2. single OR multi celled 3. autotroph OR heterotroph
CH. 22 PROTISTS METHODS OF CLASSIFYING INTO A CERTAIN KINGDOM: 1. prokaryote OR eukaryote 2. single OR multi celled 3. autotroph OR heterotroph 6 Kingdoms 1. Eubacteria prokaryotes; single cell; heterotroph
More informationUnit 8: Prokaryotes, Protists, & Fungi Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total)
AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 10th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Name: Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Unit 8: Prokaryotes, Protists, & Fungi
More informationBIOLOGY. Protists CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 28 Protists Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Living Small Even a low-power microscope can reveal
More informationKingdom Protista. Mr. Krause Edina Public Schools ISD273 EXIT 2/16/2005
Kingdom Protista Mr. Krause Edina Public Schools ISD273 Kingdom Protista General Characteristics Animal-Like Protists Plant-Like Protists Fungus-Like Protists General Characteristics Protozoa - Greek name
More informationPage # In what ways are protists important? The Protists. A diverse assemblage of eukaryotes that ARENʼT fungi, plants, or animals
In what ways are protists important? The Protists A diverse assemblage of eukaryotes that ARENʼT fungi, plants, or animals Base of many food chains - especially in aquatic settings Clarify water by filtering
More informationProtists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014
Meet the Protists 1 Protists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014 Domain Eukarya What unites them as a group? The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells Evolution of the endomembrane system Which organelles are included in
More informationProtists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014
Protists: Molds Lecture 3 Spring 2014 Meet the Protists 1 Domain Eukarya What unites them as a group? The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells 2 Evolution of the endomembrane system Which organelles are included
More informationEndosymbiosis & Eukaryotic evolution
Fig. 28-01 PROTISTS Eukaryotic Single, colonial or multicellular Fungal-like, plant-like, animal-like or mixotrophs (combo) Cilia, flagellum/(a) or psuedopodia Worldwide (aquatic or terrestrial) Aerobic
More informationKingdom Protista. Protista
Kingdom Protista Protista Traditionally a kingdom level taxon Current evidence places organisms in as many as 3-5 kingdoms We will classify all: Unicellular or simple colonial Eukaryotic Organisms that
More informationThe Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity
http://animal.discovery.com/tvshows/monsters-insideme/videos/the-brain-eatingamoeba.htm The Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity Introduction to the protists Kingdom Protista split into as many as 20 kingdoms
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Eukaryotic microorganisms Fungi Algae Water
More informationBIOLOGY. Chapter 23 Protists
BIOLOGY Chapter 23 Protists CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 28 Protists 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Fig. 28-01 PROTISTS Eukaryotic Single, colonial or multicellular
More informationChapter 21 Protists The Simplest Eukaryotes. Cengage Learning 2016
Chapter 21 Protists The Simplest Eukaryotes Protists Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals Structurally less complex Play important ecological roles as producers or predators of microorganisms
More informationOn the slides and live specimens find the (and know the function of) nucleus paramylon bodies cytopharynx flagellum eyespot
Biology 3B Laboratory Protist Diversity Objectives Learn the basic characteristics that define organisms classified within the Protist taxon To learn the anatomy, life cycles and identification of representative
More informationOrigins of Eukaryotic Diversity Protists Diversity
Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity Protists Diversity Euglenas Kinetoplastids Water Molds (Oomycota) For Lecture & Lab, make sure to know the supergroup and the most specific clade or group and characteris
More informationImportance of Protists
Protists Protists The kingdom Protista is a very diverse kingdom. Eukaryotes that are not classified as fungi, plants, or animals are classified as protists. However, even though they are officially in
More informationBiology 2201 Unit 2 Chapter 5
Biology 2201 Unit 2 Chapter 5 5.2 Kingdom Protista (pp. 140-151) Kingdom Protista general characterisitcs and groups Protists are a very diverse kingdom of living things that do not fit into any other
More informationPROTISTS. Chapter 25 Biology II
PROTISTS Chapter 25 Biology II Vocabulary- Protists (44 words) 1. Protist 2. binary fission 3. conjugation 4. Multiple fission 5. pseudopodium 6. test 7. Amoeboid movement 8. cilium 9. Pellicle 10. oral
More informationWhat Are the Protists?
Protists 1 What Are the Protists? 2 Protists are all the eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals. Protists are a paraphyletic group. Protists exhibit wide variation in morphology, size, and nutritional
More informationBiology 2. Lab Packet. For. Practical 1
Biology 2: LAB PRACTICUM 1 1 Biology 2 Lab Packet For Practical 1 Diplomonads Excavata Parabaslids Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Alveolates Apicomplexans Ciliates Chromalveo Diatoms Golden Algae Stramenopiles
More informationKingdom Protista. The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists
Kingdom Protista The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists DOMAIN EUKARYA PROTISTS KINGDOM PROTISTA Any eukaryote that is not classified as a fungus, plant, or
More informationContinued from Chapter 26.
Changing understanding Continued from Chapter 26. Based on phylogenetic research Two kingdoms to five kingdoms to three domains Three domain system: The present tree of life Animation: Classification Schemes
More informationBiological Diversity Lab #1 : Domains Eubacteria and Archaea and Protista
Biological Diversity Lab #1 : Domains Eubacteria and Archaea and Protista Refer to the AP Biology book, Helms Labs 22 and be sure to site other resources used complete this lab in your lab journal. Be
More information9/24/2013. Bacteria and Archaea. Masters of Adaptation. Archaea. Three domain system: The present tree of life
200 m 2. 300 m 2 m 1 m Bacteria and Archaea Three domain system: The present tree of life Chapter 27 Masters of Adaptation Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success Unicellular
More information5/10/2013. Protists. Kingdom Protista. Called the Junk Drawer. 3 Subkingdoms of Protists. Protozoans Algae Slime molds
Protists Kingdom Protista Called the Junk Drawer 3 Subkingdoms of Protists Protozoans Algae Slime molds 1 Protozoans Animal-like Superphyla: Sarcodines ( Sarcodina ) Ciliates ( Ciliophora ) Flagellates
More information19.1 Diversity of Protists. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.
19.1 Diversity of Protists KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms. 19.1 Diversity of Protists Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Protists are eukaryotes
More informationProtists (Eukarya) Ch Feb 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine. Life can be divided into 3 domains. 1.5bya. Prokaryotes = bacteria + archaea
Protists (Eukarya) Ch 29 26 Feb 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine 1 Life can be divided into 3 domains 3.8bya 1.5bya Prokaryotes = bacteria + archaea Prokaryote was ancestral and only form for billions
More informationLecture #9-2/8 Dr. Kopeny
Lecture #9-2/8 Dr. Kopeny Protistans, Part 1 Lecture VIII Protistans Lecture Themes structure and function; recurring evolutionary themes and unifying features the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
More information*live organisms* prepared slides. Blepharisma Euglena Paramecium caudatum Phacus Pelomyxa Amoeba proteus Actinosphaerium. Vorticella.
*live organisms* Blepharisma Euglena Paramecium caudatum Phacus Pelomyxa Amoeba proteus Actinosphaerium Vorticella Stentor prepared slides Radiolarians Vorticella Trypanosomes Giardia Plasmodium Foramenifera
More informationProtists (Eukarya) Ch Feb 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine
Protists (Eukarya) Ch 29 26 Feb 2009 ECOL 182R UofA K. E. Bonine 1 Life can be divided into 3 domains 3.8bya 1.5bya Prokaryotes = bacteria + archaea Prokaryote was ancestral and only form for billions
More informationThere are two commonly accepted theories for how eukaryotic cells evolved: infolding and endosymbiosis. Infolding
Protists Protists The kingdom Protista is a very diverse kingdom. Eukaryotes that are not classified as fungi, plants, or animals are classified as protists. However, even though they are officially in
More informationCHAPTERS 16 & 17: PROKARYOTES, FUNGI, AND PLANTS Honors Biology 2012 PROKARYOTES PROKARYOTES. Fig Lived alone on Earth for over 1 billion years
CHAPTERS 6 & 7: PROKARYOTES, FUNGI, AND PLANTS Honors Biology 0 PROKARYOTES Lived alone on Earth for over billion years Most numerous and widespread organisms (total biomass of prokaryotes is ten times
More informationChapter 21: Protist Evolution and Diversity
Chapter 21: Protist Evolution and Diversity AP Curriculum Alignment Big Idea 1, which includes the concept that mutually beneficial associations among ancient bacteria gave rise to eukaryotic cells, is
More informationKingdom Protista. Lab Exercise 20. Introduction. Contents. Objectives
Lab Exercise Kingdom Protista Contents Objectives 1 Introduction 1 Activity.1 Animal-like Protists 2 Activity.2 Fungal-like Protists 3 Activity.3 Plant-like Protists 3 Resutls Section 5 Introduction This
More informationMajor Events in the History of Earth
Major Events in the History of Earth Cenozoic Humans Land plants Animals Origin of solar system and Earth Multicellular eukaryotes 1 Proterozoic eon 2 Archaean eon 3 4 Single-celled eukaryotes Atmospheric
More informationMicrobial Diversity. Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi. Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Microbial Diversity Bacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Figure 19-1 Three common prokaryote shapes Figure 19-2 The prokaryote flagellum Figure 19-2b The structure of the bacterial flagellum cell wall wheelandaxle
More informationChapter 16. The Origin and Evolution of Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists. Lecture by Joan Sharp
Chapter 16 The Origin and Evolution of Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture
More informationLife Science. Chapter 9 Part 1 Protista
Life Science Chapter 9 Part 1 Protista Protista Junk drawer kingdom a little bit of everything, some w/ cell walls (composition varies), some w/out. All are Eukaryotes, autotrophs and heterotrophs represented.
More informationThe Protists (Ch. 28) I. Taxon: Protista: II. Super Kingdom Excavata Diplomonads Parabasalids and Euglenozoids Kingdom Diplomonadida mitosomes
The Protists (Ch. 28) I. Taxon: Protista: General characteristics 1. some are unicellular, some are colonial, and some are truly multicellular 2. artificial polyphyletic grouping among kingdoms 3. comprised
More informationFinishing Chapters 15 and 16. For Next Week
Finishing Chapters 15 and 16 For Next Week Lab Invertebrate questions due at 8:40 AM Bring dissecting kit and gloves to lab Lecture Assignment: Collect 5 branches from trees, put in plastic bags For each,
More informationChapter 20 Protists Section Review 20-1
Chapter 20 Protists Section Review 20-1 1. What are protists? 2. Why is it easier to define protists by what they are not, rather than by what they are? Completion On the lines provided, complete the following
More informationEukarya. Eukarya includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells Examples: plants animals fungi algae single-celled animal-like protozoa
Eukarya Eukarya includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells Examples: plants animals fungi algae single-celled animal-like protozoa Protists Eukaryotic; but comprises its own Kingdom Protista Algae -
More informationName Hour. Section 20-3 Plantlike Protists: Unicellular Algae (pages )
Name Hour Section 20-3 Plantlike Protists: Unicellular Algae (pages 506-509) Introduction (Page 506) 1. Plantlike protists are commonly called 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Algae include
More informationPractice Test for Exam 1
Practice Test for Exam 1 1. An explanation for natural phenomena that is well supported by many reliable observations describes which of the following? a. Fact b. Hypothesis c. Law d. Scientific theory
More informationThe Microbial World. Chapter 5
The Microbial World Chapter 5 Viruses Non-cellular infectious agents that have two basic characteristics: Not capable of reproduction without a host cell Structure: Nucleic acid core- can be DNA or RNA
More informationProtists & Fungi. Words to Know: Chapters 19 & 20. Label the paramecium diagram above. (pg. 548)
Words to Know: Protozoan Chapters 19 & 20 Protists & Fungi Microsporidium Contractile vacuole Pseudopod Bioluminescent Colony Plasmodium Chitin Hypha Septum Spore Sporangium Rhizoid Lichen Mycorrhiza Label
More informationProtista and Fungi. Fungi. Protista
Protista and Fungi Protista -eukaryotic -multi and single cellular many singular -consumers, producers, and decomposers -some movement -algae like protists, plant like protists, and animal like protists
More informationNotes - Microbiology Protista
Notes - Microbiology Protista Part 1 Animal like Protists - Kingdom Protista is a very diverse group of organisms. There are over 115 000 different kinds, with traits that fit with fungi, plants, and animals.
More informationPage 1. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Chapter 28 Protists Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Protists are alike in that all are A) unicellular. B) eukaryotic. C) symbionts. D) monophyletic. E) autotrophic. Topic: Concept 28.1 2) Biologists have
More informationProkaryotes 1. General Characteristics and structures The prokaryotic Cells contain a single circular chromosome, ribosomes (70S), and a cell wall
Prokaryotes 1. General Characteristics and structures The prokaryotic Cells contain a single circular chromosome, ribosomes (70S), and a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan. They have no membrane bound
More informationKingdom Protista. The following organisms will be examined in the lab today: Volvox, Oedogonium, Spirogyra, Ulva
Kingdom Protista I. Introduction The protists are a diverse group of organisms. In the past they have been classified as fungi, plants and animals. They can be green, autotrophs or nongreen heterotrophs.
More informationSG 9.2 notes Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants
Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants Euglena are singled celled organisms in pond water They are green, so contain,
More informationBiology 2. Lecture Material. For. Exam 1
Biology 2 Macroevolution & Systematics 1 Biology 2 Lecture Material For Exam 1 Eukaryotes Halophiles Archaea Thermophiles Univeral Ancestor Methanogens Proteobacteria Chlamydia Bacteria Spirochetes Cyanobacteria
More informationRhizarians. Forams. Radiolarians. Cercozoans
results from conjugation, a sexual process in which two individuals exchange haploid micronuclei but do not reproduce (Figure 28.17b). Ciliates generally reproduce asexually by binary fission, during which
More informationBiology. Slide 1of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1of 39 2of 39 20-4 Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown and Green Algae Most of these algae are multicellular, like plants. Their reproductive cycles are
More informationBIOLOGY 1021 UNIT 1: MULTICELLULAR STRUCTURE CHAPTER 15 P AND CHAPTER 16 P
BIOLOGY 1021 UNIT 1: MULTICELLULAR STRUCTURE CHAPTER 15 P. 307-311 AND CHAPTER 16 P. 328-331 Be sure to know flow chart an understanding from atoms to multicellular organisms. Importance of carbon, hydrogen,
More information1/21/2017. Lecture 5: Chapters 26 & 27 Diversity of Prokaryotes & Protists
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lecture 5: Chapters 26 & 27 Diversity of Prokaryotes & Protists Prokaryotes Two domains Bacteria Archaea While these are different domains, we will first consider the groups together as they
More informationChapter 21: Protists
Chapter 21: Protists Section 1: Characteristics of Protists Gamete: a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another gamete to form a zygote Zygote: the cell that results from the fusion of gametes
More informationViruses. Viruses. Chapter 5. Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes
Viruses Chapter 5 The Microbial World Non-cellular infectious agents that have two basic characteristics: Not capable of reproduction without a host cell Structure: Nucleic acid core- can be DNA or RNA
More informationName Class Date. 1. What three groups can scientists use to organize protists based on shared traits?
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Kinds of Protists 1. What three groups can scientists use to organize protists based on shared traits? PROTIST PRODUCERS 2. What is the name for protists that
More informationCH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI
CH 11 PROTISTS AND FUNGI Name Day M T W Th F Weekly Lifeline Period B_ Check Question What is a parasite? KICK-OFF LEARNING LOG KICK-OFF Response (1) A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another
More informationChapter 7. Protists. Protists( 원생동물 )
Protists( 원생동물 ) - currently 100,000 species, 35,000 species found in fossils - lying in classification gap bwtn prokaryote and smallest animal and plants - all are unicellular, some exist as colonies
More informationThe Domain Eukarya is a large, diverse and complex group or organisms that consist of one or more Eukaryotic Cells
The Domain Eukarya is a large, diverse and complex group or organisms that consist of one or more Eukaryotic Cells This domain is divided into four fairly distinct kingdoms: - Protists (Protista) - Plants
More informationProtists are in the Eukaryote Domain
Protista Protists are in the Eukaryote Domain All protists are eukaryotic (cells with a nucleus) Euglena Paramecium Amoeba Protists are really just all of the Eukaryotes that don t fit into the Animal,
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
CSLO5. Describe evidence for the evolution of cells, organelles and major metabolic pathways from early prokaryotes and how phylogenetic trees reflect evolutionary relationships. CSLO6. Compare characteristics
More informationProtist any organism that is NOT a plant, animal, fungi, prokaryote. grouping for organisms that don't fit into other kingdoms
Chapter 20 Protists 20 1 What are protists? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln69k7lytsu (20 Minutes) Protist any organism that is NOT a plant, animal, fungi, prokaryote grouping for organisms that don't
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
CSLO5. Describe evidence for the evolution of cells, organelles and major metabolic pathways from early prokaryotes and how phylogenetic trees reflect evolutionary relationships. CSLO6. Compare characteristics
More informationStudy Guide B. Answer Key. Protists and Fungi
Protists and Fungi Answer Key SECTION 1. DIVERSITY OF PROTISTS 1. eukaryotes 2. protists may be single-celled, colonial, or multicellular 3. No, the size of protists range from microscopic to very large.
More informationProkaryotes and Kingdom Protista
Prokaryotes and Kingdom Protista Domain Eubacteria Domain Archae The Prokaryotes Cell type: Prokaryotes Found in: Domain Bacteria Domain Archae Cell type: Prokaryotes Two Domains: Bacteria and Archae Do
More informationBio 134. Ch. 19 Protists
Bio 134 Ch. 19 Protists Main Idea! Protists form a diverse group of organisms that are subdivided based on their method of obtaining nutrients What do all protists have in common?! They are all eukaryotes
More informationUnit 10: The simplest living beings
Unit 10: The simplest living beings 1. Fungi 2. Protoctists 2.1. Protozoa 2.2. Algae 3. Bacteria 4. Viruses Think and answer? a. What type of organism can you see in the photograph? b. What type of cells
More informationThe Protistans. Includes protozoans and algae All single celled eukaryotes
Includes protozoans and algae All single celled eukaryotes The Protistans Protozoa - Unicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic - Inhabit water and soil - Some normal microbiota of animals - Few cause disease
More information29/11/2012. Characteristics. Protist Diversity. Characteristics. Kingdom Protista. Examples of Plant-like Protists
Kingdom Protista Learning Outcome B1 Characteristics Appeared in the fossil record 1.5 billion years ago have an evolutionary advancement over bacteria, because they have a membranebound nucleus. also
More informationCh. 19: Protists & Fungi
Ch. 19: Protists & Fungi Ch. 19: Protists Major Concepts 1. Protists make up a diverse catch-all kingdom of organisms. 2. Algae are photosynthetic protists that are major producers in the biosphere. 3.
More information