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3 Term Definition Example Biosphere Everywhere life exists Planet Earth Biodiversity Variety of life. Tropical Rain Forests and Coral Reefs Species Group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile offspring. Homo sapiens Orcinus orca Tursiops truncatus Biology The study of all forms of life. Bacteria -> Blue Whale Organism Individual living thing YOU!!!!! Cell Basic unit of life. Unicellular or multicellular-> bacteria to a blue whale. Metabolism Chemical process that breaks down or builds up materials. ENERGY = ATP

4 Term Definition Example DNA Genetic Material Fingerprints System Ecosystem Homeostasis An organized group of related parts that work together to form a whole. Environment made up of living and non-living things (abiotic and biotic factors). Maintain constant internal conditions. BALANCE. All of your organ systems work together so that you can function. Abiotic= rocks, sand, water, sun Biotic= plants and animals Body temp.= 98.6 F / 37C Evolution Change in a species over time. Fossils, comparative anatomy, DNA Adaptation An inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage and is passed to future generations. Can be physical or behavioral. Webbed feet in ducks, wings, sharp teeth, whiskers, long beak, stripes, aerodynamic body.

5 Term Definition Example Autotrophs Make their own food through sunlight. Chemoautotrophs Make their own food through chemosynthesis (ATP is synthesized by using chemicals instead of sunlight). Plants- photosynthesis Deep sea hydrothermal vents ecosystems- hydrogen sulfide. Heterotrophs Abiotic Rely on others for food and energy. Nonliving factor in an ecosystem. Humans- cellular respiration. Sunlight, temperature, nutrients, ph, water Biotic Living things Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria

6 Term Definition Example Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Budding Fragmentation Binary Fission Two parents, requires both sperm and egg, offspring are genetically different. Only one parent, offspring is genetically identical to the parent. A small projection grows on the surface of a parent organism, forming a separate individual. Parent organism splits into pieces, each of which can grown into a new organism. Asexual reproduction of a single celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts. YOU! Budding= Hydra Fragmentation= Sea star Binary Fission= Bacteria Hydra and yeast Sea Stars and flatworms Bacteria

7 Organisms range in size. They can be microscopic like bacteria!

8 Organism can be tiny like the honey pot ant!

9 Or HUGE / largest animal on the planet like the blue whale!

10 They MUST have these 9 characteristics: 1. Made up of cells 2. Metabolism 3. DNA 4. Stimulus 5. Reproduction 6. Evolution 7. Homeostasis 8. Grow and develop 9. Chemical Uniqueness

11 Life is organized into many levels. Each level builds on the next.

12 The basic unit of life. Chemical factory. Multicellular Eukaryotes, many celled like us. Unicellular- Prokaryotes, one celled, such as bacteria. Found in dead matter like a tree stump. Can be microscopic or macroscopic. Different cells have specialized functions. For example, your muscle cells contract and relax, while your stomach cells secrete digestive juices.

Chemical process that builds up or breaks down

Obtained by eating food, sunlight, or chemicals.

14 Chemical process that builds up or breaks down materials. Every cell needs energy in order to survive. Obtained by eating food, sunlight, or chemicals. Autotrophs- make their own food through photosynthesis, such as plants. Chemoautotrophs- make their own food through chemicals / chemosynthesis. Heterotrophs- rely on others for food.

15 Indirectly from photosynthesis and directly from cellular respiration, in the form of ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate.

16 CO 2 = O 2 = C 6 H 12 O 6 = H 2 O= What do they mean?

Abiotic- nonliving, such as rocks, temperature, nutrients, ph, etc

20 All organisms must react in order to survive. Organisms react to different factors. Abiotic- nonliving, such as rocks, temperature, nutrients, ph, etc Biotic- living things, such as plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, etc. What happens when you touch a hot stove? Do you leave your hand on there?

21 Ecosystems are made up of both living and nonliving things. The abiotic factors directly affect the biotic factors. For example, if the temperature of the bay drastically drops, many of the fish may die because they can t regulate their body temperature.

22 ery.com/tvshows/life/videos/v enus-flytrapcatches-flies/ y.com/venus-fly-trap.html

23 Stores genetic information Made up of nucleotides (4 nitrogenous base pairs-agct), sugars, and phosphates. Adenine (A) pairs up with Thymine (T) Guanine (G) pairs up with Cytosine (C) The sequence of the bases is what codes for the order of amino acids in the protein sequence (amino acids).

24 Change in a species over time. Process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors. Examples of evidence- fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, biogeography, and molecular DNA. Adaptation- an inherited trait or gene that helps some individuals of a species survive and reproduce more successfully than others. The ones that don t adapt will die off. Sometimes different populations of the same species live in different environments. Therefore, they have different needs and adapt differently, evolving into different species.

25 / Example of adaptation

26 Goal= to produce new individuals, and to pass on DNA to future generations. Two types- sexual and asexual Sexual- two parents required, exchange of gametes (sex cells), and the offspring are genetically different. Asexual- requires only one parent and the offspring are genetically identical to the parent (ex- sea star). Budding Fragmentation Binary Fission

27 Jawfish male holds unhatched eggs in his mouth. The male churns the eggs by spitting them out and sucking them back in. This allows the male to remove debris, aerate the eggs, and rotate eggs for proper development. The male seahorse carries the offspring Elephant gestation is 22 months Killer whale gestation is 16 months Human gestation is 9 months

29 ion/budding.php

30 paces.com/katie%27s+biology+ Project 4C2gVfizVzBA/amazing-lifecycles

31 binary-fission.html

32 Regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism. BALANCE! Controlled by hormones and the nervous system. Body temp. is 37 C or 98.6 F Important because cells function best within a certain range of conditions. Temperature, glucose, water, ph, gases, nutrients, salt, etc. must be maintained/ balanced or it can be fatal. Negative and Positive feedback loops.

34 Grades Progress reports Comments from a teacher on a paper you wrote One on one discussion about your performance. Rubric

35 Mechanism- a system of parts that operate or interact like those of a machine. Control- an instrument used to operate, regulate, or guide a machine. Sensor- a device that receives and responds to a signal. Set point- the point at which a circuit is either activated or deactivated. Target- something aimed or fired at. Feedback- return of a portion of the output of a system to the input, used to maintain performance or control. Loop- a closed circuit.

A control mechanism then compares the actual room temperature to the set temperature.

36 Thermostat- senses the temperature of a system. A sensor in the thermostat constantly measures the temperature of the room. A control mechanism then compares the actual room temperature to the set temperature. Let s say the set temperature is 21C (70F). When the temperature falls below 21C, the thermostat kicks on by sending an electronic message to the furnace.

When the sensor on the thermostat indicates

37 When the sensor on the thermostat indicates that the air temperature is back to 21C, another message is sent that turns off the furnace. Result- the room is always within a few degrees of the desired temperature. Of course in Florida this would resemble our air conditioners!

38 Your body is set up to regulate temperature just like a thermostat. It s an internal control system that includes sensors, a control center, various communication systems, and targets.

39 They are called receptors in our body. Receptors spend a lot of time gathering information about what is going on inside and outside the body. Ex- when it s hot or cold, there are receptors in your skin and nose that gather information about the air temperatures.

40 Brain- receives information from the sensors. The brain will then compare information to the ideal / set points, at which the body functions best at. If there is an issue, such as the body being above or below that set point, the brain will send a message via a communication system (nervous or endocrine system/ hormones).

41 Nervous and Endocrine system carry messages to all parts of the body. Nervous system= nerve impulses. Endocrine system= hormones. The nerve impulses and hormones tell the targets in the body how to respond to the stimuli.

43 Any cell, tissue, or organ that changes its level of activity. Example- if it s cold outside, a message may be sent to the muscles to start shivering. Shivering generates body heat, therefore increasing temperature.

44 The body maintains homeostasis via negative and positive feedback loops!

45 A control system responds when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point. Continuous cycle Example- Blood glucose concentrations rise after a meal (the stimulus), and insulin causes glucose to be removed from the bloodstream (the response), which decreases blood glucose. Exercise creates metabolic heat, which raises body temperature (the stimulus) and vasodilation and sweating (the response) cools the body. meostatic_control/revision/1/

46 Control system in which sensory information causes the body to increase the rate of change away from homeostasis. Ex- cut your finger, positive feedback mechanisms increase the rate of change in clotting factors in the blood until the wound is sealed. Ex- hormones during puberty. The body needs specific levels to accomplish the changes that need to take place. Ex-when a baby first suckles its mother's nipple, a small amount of breast milk is released (the stimulus) and a hormone is released which increases milk production (the response).

47 All organisms have a life cycle that they go through from origin (when the sperm fertilizes the egg = fertilization) to adulthood. Changes in size, shape, and differentiation in structures. Unicellular = simple and multicellular= complex. Metamorphosis- many organisms have similar early stages of development and are hard to tell apart.

48 2011/06/20/your-inner-fishchapter-5/

49 Complex molecular organization. Carbon backbone. Macromolecules- Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids Ex-DNA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juxl uo-sh6m

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juxl uo-sh6m Term Definition Example Biosphere Everywhere life exists Planet Earth Biodiversity Variety of life. Tropical Rain Forests and Coral Reefs Species Group of organisms