If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
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1 1.1 Discovering Cells Understanding Main Ideas If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 2. Telescopes are instruments that can magnify very small objects. 3. Cells were first observed by Robert Hooke. 4. Light microscopes use beams of electrons to produce magnified images. 5. Resolution is the condition when objects appear larger than they really are. 6. Magnification is the ability to distinguish details on an object. 7. If a compound microscope has a 10 lens in its eyepiece and a 20 lens in its nosepiece, its total magnification is 100. Building Vocabulary Write the definition of each of these terms in the spaces provided. 8. cell 9. microscope 10. cell theory 11E
2 1.2 Looking Inside Cells Understanding Main Ideas Identify each of the cell structures in the figure Building Vocabulary On a separate sheet of paper, write a definition for each of these terms. 6. tissue 7. chloroplast 8. ribosome 9. nucleus 10. mitochondria 11. organ 12. multicellular 21E
3 1.1 Discovering Cells Because the beam of electrons used in electron microscopes damages live biological specimens, scientists have developed new kinds of microscopes for use with these kinds of samples. Read the passage and examine the diagram below. Then answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper. Recent Advances in the Microscope One new type of microscope is the transmission positron microscope, or TPM. Like the transmission electron microscope, or TE M, the TPM sends a beam of atomic particles through a specimen. However, instead of using a beam of electrons, the TPM uses a beam of positrons, which are positively charged atomic particles that do not harm living specimens as electrons do. Another new type of is the acoustic microscope. It uses sound waves instead of beams of atomic particles to see an object. As shown in the figure, the echoes of sound waves bouncing off the specimen are translated onto a screen as a microscopic image. The sound waves that are used are very high in frequency, but they do no damage to living things. Doctors have used the acoustic microscope to view changes in living cells and to examine living cells for cancer without removing the cells from the body. 1. Compare and contrast transmission electron microscopes and transmission positron microscopes. 2. Explain how acoustic microscopes work. 3. Why are transmission positron microscopes and acoustic microscopes important tools for understanding how living cells function? 11F
4 1.2 Looking Inside Cells The figure below shows a city that is a model for a cell. Study the figure, and answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper. Modeling Cell Structures 1. State the function performed by each numbered structure in the figure. 2. Now name a cell structure that performs each of these same functions. 3. Does Cell City represent a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain your answer. 21F
5 1.1 Discovering Cells Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. A cell s functions can include obtaining food and water and getting rid of. 2. Compound microscopes focus light through to produce a magnified image. 3. A large organism is made up of many millions of. 4. A(n) lens has a center that is thicker than its edge. 5. The describes how cells are related to living things. 6. The ability to distinguish between two nearby objects is called. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 7. The scientist who determined that all animals are made out of cells was A Hooke B Schleiden C Schwann D Virchow 8. A compound microscope with a 10 eyepiece and a 40 objective has a magnification of A 10 B 40 C 50 D Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? A All cells are produced from other cells. B Cells can absorb food and oxygen. C All living things are composed of cells. D Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 10. The visible field of a microscope is 10 mm wide. How large is an object that takes up 1 of the field? 4 A 1 mm B 2.5 mm C 4 mm D 5 mm 11G
6 1.2 Looking Inside Cells Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. The controls the materials that enter and leave the cell. 2. Ribosomes make. 3. The is a large structure that directs the cell s activities. 4. The storage area of a cell is called a(n). 5. A group of organs that work together to perform a major function is called a(n). 6. are tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in the cell. If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 7. Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. 8. The cell s nucleus is filled with a substance called protein. 9. The specialized cells in a unicellular organism perform specialized jobs. 10. Ribosomes are made in a special region of the nucleus called the nucleolus. 21G
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