Mechanisms of Evolution Microevolution. Key Concepts. Population Genetics

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Mechanisms of Evolution Microevolution. Key Concepts. Population Genetics"

Transcription

1 Mechanisms of Evolution Microevolution Population Genetics Key Concepts 23.1: Population genetics provides a foundation for studying evolution 23.2: Mutation and sexual recombination produce the variation that makes evolution possible 23.3: Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter a population s genetic composition 23.4: Natural selection is the primary mechanism of adaptive evolution Concept 23.4: Natural selection is the primary mechanism of adaptive evolution Natural selection Accumulates and maintains favorable genotypes in a population Is the only deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg that leads to adaptation (of the population to the environment) 1

2 A Closer Look at Natural Selection From the range of variations available in a population Natural selection increases the frequencies of certain genotypes, fitting organisms to their environment over generations Evolutionary Fitness The phrases struggle for existence and survival of the fittest Are commonly used to describe natural selection Can be misleading Reproductive success Is generally more subtle and depends on many factors Fitness Is the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals Relative fitness Is the contribution of a genotype to the next generation as compared to the contributions of alternative genotypes for the same locus 2

3 Frequency of individuals 3 Modes of Selection Selection Favors certain genotypes by acting on the phenotypes of certain organisms Three modes of selection are Directional Disruptive Stabilizing Directional selection Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range Disruptive selection Favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range Stabilizing selection Favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes Original population Original population Evolved population Phenotypes (fur color) Fig A C (a) Directional selection shifts the overall makeup of the population by favoring variants at one extreme of the distribution. In this case, darker mice are favored because they live among dark rocks and a darker fur color conceals them from predators. (b) Disruptive selection favors variants at both ends of the distribution. These mice have colonized a patchy habitat made up of light and dark rocks, with the result that mice of an intermediate color are at a disadvantage. (c) Stabilizing selection removes extreme variants from the population and preserves intermediate types. If the environment consists of rocks of an intermediate color, both light and dark mice will be selected against. 3

4 The Preservation of Genetic Variation Various mechanisms help to preserve genetic variation in a population Diploidy Diploidy Maintains genetic variation in the form of hidden recessive alleles Balancing Selection Balancing selection Occurs when natural selection maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population Leads to a state called balanced polymorphism 4

5 Heterozygote Advantage Some individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus Have greater fitness than homozygotes Natural selection Will tend to maintain two or more alleles at that locus The sickle-cell allele Causes mutations in hemoglobin but also confers malaria resistance Exemplifies the heterozygote advantage Figure Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a protozoan) Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0 2.5% % % % % >12.5% Frequency-Dependent Selection In frequency-dependent selection The fitness of any morph declines if it becomes too common in the population 5

6 Example of frequencydependent selection Parental population sample On pecking a moth image the blue jay receives a food reward. If the bird does not detect a moth on either screen, it pecks the green circle to continue to a new set of images (a new feeding opportunity). Experimental group sample Phenotypic diversity Frequencyindependent control Plain background Figure Patterned background Generation number Neutral Variation Is genetic variation that appears to confer no selective advantage Sexual Selection Sexual selection Is natural selection for mating success Can result in sexual dimorphism, marked differences between the sexes in secondary sexual characteristics 6

7 Intrasexual selection Is a direct competition among individuals of one sex for mates of the opposite sex Intersexual selection Occurs when individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex May depend on the showiness of the male s appearance Figure The Evolutionary Enigma of Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction Produces fewer reproductive offspring than asexual reproduction, a so-called reproductive handicap Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Female Generation 1 Female Generation 2 Male Generation 3 Generation 4 Figure

8 If sexual reproduction is a handicap, why has it persisted? It produces genetic variation that may aid in disease resistance Why Natural Selection Cannot Fashion Perfect Organisms Evolution is limited by historical constraints Adaptations are often compromises Chance and natural selection interact Selection can only edit existing variations 8

CHAPTER 23 THE EVOLUTIONS OF POPULATIONS. Section C: Genetic Variation, the Substrate for Natural Selection

CHAPTER 23 THE EVOLUTIONS OF POPULATIONS. Section C: Genetic Variation, the Substrate for Natural Selection CHAPTER 23 THE EVOLUTIONS OF POPULATIONS Section C: Genetic Variation, the Substrate for Natural Selection 1. Genetic variation occurs within and between populations 2. Mutation and sexual recombination

More information

The Mechanisms of Evolution

The Mechanisms of Evolution The Mechanisms of Evolution Figure.1 Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle (Part 1) 2/8/2006 Dr. Michod Intro Biology 182 (PP 3) 4 The Mechanisms of Evolution Charles Darwin s Theory of Evolution Genetic

More information

AP Biology Concepts and Connections. Reading Guide. Your Name: ! Chapter 13 How Populations Evolve. Key Terms

AP Biology Concepts and Connections. Reading Guide. Your Name: ! Chapter 13 How Populations Evolve. Key Terms AP Biology Concepts and Connections Chapter 13 How Populations Evolve Reading Guide Key Terms adaptation fossils microevolution artificial selection founder effect molecular biology balancing selection

More information

Genetical theory of natural selection

Genetical theory of natural selection Reminders Genetical theory of natural selection Chapter 12 Natural selection evolution Natural selection evolution by natural selection Natural selection can have no effect unless phenotypes differ in

More information

Natural Selection results in increase in one (or more) genotypes relative to other genotypes.

Natural Selection results in increase in one (or more) genotypes relative to other genotypes. Natural Selection results in increase in one (or more) genotypes relative to other genotypes. Fitness - The fitness of a genotype is the average per capita lifetime contribution of individuals of that

More information

Mechanisms of Evolution. Adaptations. Old Ideas about Evolution. Behavioral. Structural. Biochemical. Physiological

Mechanisms of Evolution. Adaptations. Old Ideas about Evolution. Behavioral. Structural. Biochemical. Physiological Mechanisms of Evolution Honors Biology 2012 1 Adaptations Behavioral Structural Biochemical Physiological 2 Old Ideas about Evolution Aristotle (viewed species perfect and unchanging) Lamarck suggested

More information

e.g. population: 500, two alleles: Red (R) and White (r). Total: 1000 genes for flower color in the population

e.g. population: 500, two alleles: Red (R) and White (r). Total: 1000 genes for flower color in the population The Evolution of Populations What is Evolution? A change over time in the genetic composition of a population Human evolution The gene pool Is the total aggregate of genes for a particular trait in a population

More information

NOTES CH 17 Evolution of. Populations

NOTES CH 17 Evolution of. Populations NOTES CH 17 Evolution of Vocabulary Fitness Genetic Drift Punctuated Equilibrium Gene flow Adaptive radiation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Gradualism Populations 17.1 Genes & Variation Darwin

More information

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Concepts of Evolution. Isn t Evolution Just A Theory? Evolution

Slide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Concepts of Evolution. Isn t Evolution Just A Theory? Evolution Slide 1 Concepts of Evolution Slide 2 Isn t Evolution Just A Theory? How does the scientific meaning of a term like theory differ from the way it is used in everyday life? Can the facts of science change

More information

List the five conditions that can disturb genetic equilibrium in a population.(10)

List the five conditions that can disturb genetic equilibrium in a population.(10) List the five conditions that can disturb genetic equilibrium in a population.(10) The five conditions are non-random mating, small population size, immigration or emigration, mutations, and natural selection.

More information

Biology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS)

Biology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS) Biology 11 UNIT 1: EVOLUTION LESSON 2: HOW EVOLUTION?? (MICRO-EVOLUTION AND POPULATIONS) Objectives: By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the 2 types of evolution Describe the 5 ways

More information

UNIT V. Chapter 11 Evolution of Populations. Pre-AP Biology

UNIT V. Chapter 11 Evolution of Populations. Pre-AP Biology UNIT V Chapter 11 Evolution of Populations UNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 11: The Evolution of Populations I. Genetic Variation Within Populations (11.1) A. Genetic variation in a population increases the chance

More information

Processes of Evolution

Processes of Evolution 15 Processes of Evolution Forces of Evolution Concept 15.4 Selection Can Be Stabilizing, Directional, or Disruptive Natural selection can act on quantitative traits in three ways: Stabilizing selection

More information

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolution by Natural Selection Evolution by Natural Selection What is evolution? What is evolution? The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time (narrowly defined) Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth

More information

Ch. 16 Evolution of Populations

Ch. 16 Evolution of Populations Ch. 16 Evolution of Populations Gene pool the combined genetic information of all the members of a population. There are typically 2 or more alleles for a certain trait. (dominant or recessive) Allele

More information

Reproduction and Evolution Practice Exam

Reproduction and Evolution Practice Exam Reproduction and Evolution Practice Exam Topics: Genetic concepts from the lecture notes including; o Mitosis and Meiosis, Homologous Chromosomes, Haploid vs Diploid cells Reproductive Strategies Heaviest

More information

Migration In evolutionary terms, migration is defined as movement that will result in gene flow, or the movement of genes from one place to another

Migration In evolutionary terms, migration is defined as movement that will result in gene flow, or the movement of genes from one place to another Biology 1B Evolution Lecture 5, Migration and forms of selection Migration In evolutionary terms, migration is defined as movement that will result in gene flow, or the movement of genes from one place

More information

Study of similarities and differences in body plans of major groups Puzzling patterns:

Study of similarities and differences in body plans of major groups Puzzling patterns: Processes of Evolution Evolutionary Theories Widely used to interpret the past and present, and even to predict the future Reveal connections between the geological record, fossil record, and organismal

More information

Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation

Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation Chapter 17: Population Genetics and Speciation Section 1: Genetic Variation Population Genetics: Normal Distribution: a line graph showing the general trends in a set of data of which most values are near

More information

Concepts of Evolution

Concepts of Evolution Concepts of Evolution Isn t Evolution Just A Theory? How does the scientific meaning of a term like theory differ from the way it is used in everyday life? Can the facts of science change over time? If

More information

Evolution of Populations

Evolution of Populations Evolution of Populations Gene Pools 1. All of the genes in a population - Contains 2 or more alleles (forms of a gene) for each trait 2. Relative frequencies - # of times an allele occurs in a gene pool

More information

Big Idea #1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life

Big Idea #1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life BIG IDEA! Big Idea #1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life Key Terms for this section: emigration phenotype adaptation evolution phylogenetic tree adaptive radiation fertility

More information

BIOL 1010 Introduction to Biology: The Evolution and Diversity of Life. Spring 2011 Sections A & B

BIOL 1010 Introduction to Biology: The Evolution and Diversity of Life. Spring 2011 Sections A & B BIOL 1010 Introduction to Biology: The Evolution and Diversity of Life. Spring 2011 Sections A & B Steve Thompson: stthompson@valdosta.edu http://www.bioinfo4u.net 1 Natural Selection and Variation through

More information

Lesson 2 Evolution of population (microevolution)

Lesson 2 Evolution of population (microevolution) Lesson 2 Evolution of population (microevolution) 1. A gene pool consists of a. all the aleles exposed to natural selection. b. the total of all alleles present in a population. c. the entire genome of

More information

The Evolution of Populations. Lecture Outline

The Evolution of Populations. Lecture Outline Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations Lecture Outline Overview: The Smallest Unit of Evolution One common misconception about evolution is that organisms evolve, in a Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes.

More information

Perplexing Observations. Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution. We owe much of our understanding of EVOLUTION to CHARLES DARWIN.

Perplexing Observations. Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution. We owe much of our understanding of EVOLUTION to CHARLES DARWIN. Today: Thinking About Darwinian Evolution Part 1: Darwin s Theory Perplexing Observations Mystery of the Black Death?? What is evolution?? And what is this finch doing?!? We owe much of our understanding

More information

i) GENETIC VARIATION & MUTATION & HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE

i) GENETIC VARIATION & MUTATION & HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE Test 2 LOs: MICROEVOLUTION Define key terms: i) GENETIC VARIATION & MUTATION & HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE Population: all individuals of a single species that live together in the same place and time Microevolution:

More information

Evolution of Populations. Chapter 17

Evolution of Populations. Chapter 17 Evolution of Populations Chapter 17 17.1 Genes and Variation i. Introduction: Remember from previous units. Genes- Units of Heredity Variation- Genetic differences among individuals in a population. New

More information

Microevolution Changing Allele Frequencies

Microevolution Changing Allele Frequencies Microevolution Changing Allele Frequencies Evolution Evolution is defined as a change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Microevolution involves the

More information

overproduction variation adaptation Natural Selection speciation adaptation Natural Selection speciation

overproduction variation adaptation Natural Selection speciation adaptation Natural Selection speciation Evolution Evolution Chapters 22-25 Changes in populations, species, or groups of species. Variances of the frequency of heritable traits that appear from one generation to the next. 2 Areas of Evolutionary

More information

Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Nonrandom Mating Results in Evolution

Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Nonrandom Mating Results in Evolution Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Nonrandom Mating Results in Evolution 15.2 Intro In biology, evolution refers specifically to changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time.

More information

Evolutionary Forces. What changes populations (Ch. 17)

Evolutionary Forces. What changes populations (Ch. 17) Evolutionary Forces What changes populations (Ch. 17) Forces of evolutionary change Natural selection traits that improve survival or reproduction accumulate in the population ADAPTIVE change Genetic drift

More information

Evolution - Unifying Theme of Biology Microevolution Chapters 13 &14

Evolution - Unifying Theme of Biology Microevolution Chapters 13 &14 Evolution - Unifying Theme of Biology Microevolution Chapters 13 &14 New Synthesis Natural Selection Unequal Reproductive Success Examples and Selective Forces Types of Natural Selection Speciation http://www.biology-online.org/2/11_natural_selection.htm

More information

chatper 17 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

chatper 17 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. chatper 17 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine

More information

Processes of Evolution

Processes of Evolution Processes of Evolution Microevolution Processes of Microevolution How Species Arise Macroevolution Microevolution Population: localized group of individuals belonging to the same species with the potential

More information

Darwin s Observations & Conclusions The Struggle for Existence

Darwin s Observations & Conclusions The Struggle for Existence Darwin s Observations & Conclusions The Struggle for Existence 1 Voyage of the Beagle During His Travels, Darwin Made Numerous Observations And Collected Evidence That Led Him To Propose A Revolutionary

More information

Evolution of Populations. Populations evolve. Changes in populations. Natural selection acts on individuals differential survival. Populations evolve

Evolution of Populations. Populations evolve. Changes in populations. Natural selection acts on individuals differential survival. Populations evolve Evolution of Populations Doonesbury - Sunday February 8, 2004 Populations evolve Natural selection acts on individuals differential survival differential reproductive success survival of the fittest who

More information

REVIEW 6: EVOLUTION. 1. Define evolution: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly).

REVIEW 6: EVOLUTION. 1. Define evolution: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly). Name: REVIEW 6: EVOLUTION 1. Define evolution: 2. Modern Theory of Evolution: a. Charles Darwin: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly). However, Darwin didn

More information

Lecture #4-1/25/02 Dr. Kopeny

Lecture #4-1/25/02 Dr. Kopeny Lecture #4-1/25/02 Dr. Kopeny Genetic Drift Can Cause Evolution Genetic Drift: Random change in genetic structure of a population; due to chance Thought Experiment: What is your expectation regarding the

More information

The theory of evolution continues to be refined as scientists learn new information.

The theory of evolution continues to be refined as scientists learn new information. Section 3: The theory of evolution continues to be refined as scientists learn new information. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the conditions of the

More information

Enduring Understanding: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution Pearson Education, Inc.

Enduring Understanding: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution Pearson Education, Inc. Enduring Understanding: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution. Objective: You will be able to identify the key concepts of evolution theory Do Now: Read the enduring understanding

More information

Problems for 3505 (2011)

Problems for 3505 (2011) Problems for 505 (2011) 1. In the simplex of genotype distributions x + y + z = 1, for two alleles, the Hardy- Weinberg distributions x = p 2, y = 2pq, z = q 2 (p + q = 1) are characterized by y 2 = 4xz.

More information

How does natural selection change allele frequencies?

How does natural selection change allele frequencies? How does natural selection change allele frequencies? Alleles conferring resistance to insecticides and antibiotics have recently increased to high frequencies in many species of insects and bacteria.

More information

CHAPTER 19. Descent With Modification

CHAPTER 19. Descent With Modification CHAPTER 19 Descent With Modification REALLY Looking at Organisms Differences from other organisms Features that show the relationship of an organism to where it lives, what it does Ex: marine iguanas to

More information

Microevolution (Ch 16) Test Bank

Microevolution (Ch 16) Test Bank Microevolution (Ch 16) Test Bank Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following statements describes what all members

More information

IV. Comparative Anatomy

IV. Comparative Anatomy Whale Evolution: Fossil Record of Evolution Modern toothed whales Rodhocetus kasrani reduced hind limbs could not walk; swam with up-down motion like modern whales Pakicetus attocki lived on land; skull

More information

Reproduction- passing genetic information to the next generation

Reproduction- passing genetic information to the next generation 166 166 Essential Question: How has biological evolution led to the diversity of life? B-5 Natural Selection Traits that make an organism more or less likely to survive in an environment and reproduce

More information

Darwinian Selection. Chapter 7 Selection I 12/5/14. v evolution vs. natural selection? v evolution. v natural selection

Darwinian Selection. Chapter 7 Selection I 12/5/14. v evolution vs. natural selection? v evolution. v natural selection Chapter 7 Selection I Selection in Haploids Selection in Diploids Mutation-Selection Balance Darwinian Selection v evolution vs. natural selection? v evolution ² descent with modification ² change in allele

More information

Population Genetics & Evolution

Population Genetics & Evolution The Theory of Evolution Mechanisms of Evolution Notes Pt. 4 Population Genetics & Evolution IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Populations, not individuals, evolve. Population = a group of individuals of the same

More information

How to Use This Presentation

How to Use This Presentation How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or

More information

POPULATIONS. p t+1 = p t (1-u) + q t (v) p t+1 = p t (1-u) + (1-p t ) (v) Phenotypic Evolution: Process HOW DOES MUTATION CHANGE ALLELE FREQUENCIES?

POPULATIONS. p t+1 = p t (1-u) + q t (v) p t+1 = p t (1-u) + (1-p t ) (v) Phenotypic Evolution: Process HOW DOES MUTATION CHANGE ALLELE FREQUENCIES? Phenotypic Evolution: Process MUTATION SELECTION + POPULATIONS +/ MIGRATION DRIFT HOW DOES MUTATION CHANGE ALLELE FREQUENCIES? Assume: a single autosomal locus with 2 alleles. Frequency (A) = p Frequency

More information

Genes Within Populations

Genes Within Populations Genes Within Populations Chapter 20 1 Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution The American Biology Teacher, March 1973 (35:125-129). Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975). 2 Genetic

More information

These next few slides correspond with 23.4 in your book. Specifically follow along on page Use your book and it will help you!

These next few slides correspond with 23.4 in your book. Specifically follow along on page Use your book and it will help you! These next few slides correspond with 23.4 in your book. Specifically follow along on page 462-468. Use your book and it will help you! How does natural selection actually work? Natural selection acts

More information

Life Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability24/02/2015 2:26 PM

Life Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability24/02/2015 2:26 PM Life Cycles, Meiosis and Genetic Variability iclicker: 1. A chromosome just before mitosis contains two double stranded DNA molecules. 2. This replicated chromosome contains DNA from only one of your parents

More information

Evolution and Natural Selection (16-18)

Evolution and Natural Selection (16-18) Evolution and Natural Selection (16-18) 3 Key Observations of Life: 1) Shared Characteristics of Life (Unity) 2) Rich Diversity of Life 3) Organisms are Adapted to their Environment These observations

More information

1. T/F: Genetic variation leads to evolution. 2. What is genetic equilibrium? 3. What is speciation? How does it occur?

1. T/F: Genetic variation leads to evolution. 2. What is genetic equilibrium? 3. What is speciation? How does it occur? 1. T/F: Genetic variation leads to evolution. 2. What is genetic equilibrium? 3. What is speciation? How does it occur? Warm UP Notes on Environmental Factor Concept Map Brief 6 questions and Concept Map

More information

Chapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species.

Chapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species. AP Biology Chapter Packet 7- Evolution Name Chapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species. 2. Define the following terms: a. Natural

More information

Evolution & Natural Selection

Evolution & Natural Selection Evolution & Natural Selection Chapter 8 Ideas about the earth & its inhabitants were slowly changing In the 1700 & 1800 s, scientists began to overturn long held beliefs and ideas Buffon suggested the

More information

1.A- Natural Selection

1.A- Natural Selection 1.A- Natural Selection Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. EU 1.A- Evolution is change in the genetic makeup of a population over time. EU 1.B- Organisms are linked

More information

(Write your name on every page. One point will be deducted for every page without your name!)

(Write your name on every page. One point will be deducted for every page without your name!) POPULATION GENETICS AND MICROEVOLUTIONARY THEORY FINAL EXAMINATION (Write your name on every page. One point will be deducted for every page without your name!) 1. Briefly define (5 points each): a) Average

More information

Genetics and Natural Selection

Genetics and Natural Selection Genetics and Natural Selection Darwin did not have an understanding of the mechanisms of inheritance and thus did not understand how natural selection would alter the patterns of inheritance in a population.

More information

Mechanisms of Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution Mechanisms of Evolution 36-149 The Tree of Life Christopher R. Genovese Department of Statistics 132H Baker Hall x8-7836 http://www.stat.cmu.edu/ ~ genovese/. Plan 1. Two More Generations 2. The Hardy-Weinberg

More information

3U Evolution Notes. Natural Selection: What is Evolution? -The idea that gene distribution changes over time -A change in the frequency of an allele

3U Evolution Notes. Natural Selection: What is Evolution? -The idea that gene distribution changes over time -A change in the frequency of an allele 3U Evolution Notes What is Evolution? -The idea that gene distribution changes over time -A change in the frequency of an allele Let s look back to what we know: From genetics we can say that a gene is

More information

Vocab. ! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Vocab. ! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms Vocab! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms! Theory - well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

More information

1. What is the definition of Evolution? a. Descent with modification b. Changes in the heritable traits present in a population over time c.

1. What is the definition of Evolution? a. Descent with modification b. Changes in the heritable traits present in a population over time c. 1. What is the definition of Evolution? a. Descent with modification b. Changes in the heritable traits present in a population over time c. Changes in allele frequencies in a population across generations

More information

Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece

Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece BIG IDEA I The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Enduring Understanding 1.A Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution. Essential Knowledge 1.A.1 Natural

More information

BIG IDEA 4: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS INTERACT, AND THESE SYSTEMS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS POSSESS COMPLEX PROPERTIES.

BIG IDEA 4: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS INTERACT, AND THESE SYSTEMS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS POSSESS COMPLEX PROPERTIES. Enduring Understanding 4.C Independent Study Assignment Assignment Instructions Both components of this assignment (Part I and Part II) should be completed on the pages provided. Each numbered component

More information

Since we re not going to have review this week either

Since we re not going to have review this week either Since we re not going to have review this week either I am posting these slides to help with reviewing the material that we didn t cover during discussion sessions these past two weeks. Of course, take

More information

Chapter 16. Table of Contents. Section 1 Genetic Equilibrium. Section 2 Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium. Section 3 Formation of Species

Chapter 16. Table of Contents. Section 1 Genetic Equilibrium. Section 2 Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium. Section 3 Formation of Species Population Genetics and Speciation Table of Contents Section 1 Genetic Equilibrium Section 2 Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium Section 3 Formation of Species Section 1 Genetic Equilibrium Objectives Identify

More information

EVOLUTION change in populations over time

EVOLUTION change in populations over time EVOLUTION change in populations over time HISTORY ideas that shaped the current theory James Hutton (1785) proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long periods

More information

Microevolution. Chapter 17

Microevolution. Chapter 17 Microevolution Chapter 17 Selective Breeding & Evolution Evolution is genetic change in a line of descent through successive generations Selective breeding practices yield evidence that heritable changes

More information

Evolution and Population Genetics INTRODUCTION

Evolution and Population Genetics INTRODUCTION Evolution and Population Genetics INTRODUCTION In 1831 Charles Darwin began a five-year journey as ship's naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle. During this time he visited South America, Australia, South Africa,

More information

Name: Period Study Guide 17-1 and 17-2

Name: Period Study Guide 17-1 and 17-2 Name: Period Study Guide 17-1 and 17-2 17-1 The Fossil Record (pgs. 417-422) 1. What is the fossil record? 2. What evidence does the fossil record provide? 1. 2. 3. List the 2 techniques paleontologists

More information

Evolution Test Review

Evolution Test Review Name Evolution Test Review Period 1) A group of interbreeding organisms (a species) living in a given area is called population 2) Give an example of a species. Ex. One wolf Give an example of a population.

More information

Biology 20 Evolution

Biology 20 Evolution Biology 20 Evolution Evolution: Modern synthesis: Individuals: Lamarck: Use and disuse: Inheritance of Acquired Traits: Darwin: Travelled: Galapagos Islands: What was the name of Darwin s book, which he

More information

NOTES Ch 17: Genes and. Variation

NOTES Ch 17: Genes and. Variation NOTES Ch 17: Genes and Vocabulary Fitness Genetic Drift Punctuated Equilibrium Gene flow Adaptive radiation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Gradualism Variation 17.1 Genes & Variation Darwin developed

More information

Station 1. What is Evolution? What causes Evolution? A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur?

Station 1. What is Evolution? What causes Evolution? A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur? Station 1 What is Evolution? What causes Evolution? A primary example of Evolution, is different bird beak sizes. What caused this to occur? Station 2 What is Survival of the Fittest? How is fitness measured?

More information

EVOLUTION change in populations over time

EVOLUTION change in populations over time EVOLUTION change in populations over time HISTORY ideas that shaped the current theory James Hutton & Charles Lyell proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long

More information

Chapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity. Sunday, October 1, 17

Chapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity. Sunday, October 1, 17 Chapter 5 Evolution of Biodiversity CHAPTER INTRO: The Dung of the Devil Read and Answer Questions Provided Module 14 The Biodiversity of Earth After reading this module you should be able to understand

More information

Lecture 14 Chapter 11 Biology 5865 Conservation Biology. Problems of Small Populations Population Viability Analysis

Lecture 14 Chapter 11 Biology 5865 Conservation Biology. Problems of Small Populations Population Viability Analysis Lecture 14 Chapter 11 Biology 5865 Conservation Biology Problems of Small Populations Population Viability Analysis Minimum Viable Population (MVP) Schaffer (1981) MVP- A minimum viable population for

More information

Application Evolution: Part 1.1 Basics of Coevolution Dynamics

Application Evolution: Part 1.1 Basics of Coevolution Dynamics Application Evolution: Part 1.1 Basics of Coevolution Dynamics S. chilense S. peruvianum Summer Semester 2013 Prof Aurélien Tellier FG Populationsgenetik Color code Color code: Red = Important result or

More information

AP Biology Evolution Review Slides

AP Biology Evolution Review Slides AP Biology Evolution Review Slides How would one go about studying the evolution of a tetrapod limb from a fish s fin? Compare limb/fin structure of existing related species of fish to tetrapods Figure

More information

EVOLUTION. HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time.

EVOLUTION. HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time. EVOLUTION HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time. James Hutton & Charles Lyell proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took

More information

Biology 213 Summer 2004 Midterm III Choose the most correct answer and mark it on the scantron sheet. (2 pts each)

Biology 213 Summer 2004 Midterm III Choose the most correct answer and mark it on the scantron sheet. (2 pts each) Biology 213 Summer 2004 Midterm III Choose the most correct answer and mark it on the scantron sheet. (2 pts each) 1. Evolution is a. a change in allele frequency in a population b. occurred in the past

More information

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 16-1 Genetic Equilibrium

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 16-1 Genetic Equilibrium STUDY GUIDE SECTION 16-1 Genetic Equilibrium Name Period Date Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. The smallest unit in which evolution occurs is a. an individual organism. c. a species

More information

Natural Selection and Evolution

Natural Selection and Evolution Natural Selection and Evolution Our plant has been evolving from its simplest beginnings into a vast range of organisms present today This has happened by natural selection Natural Selection and Evolution

More information

I. Multiple choice. Select the best answer from the choices given and circle the appropriate letter of that answer.

I. Multiple choice. Select the best answer from the choices given and circle the appropriate letter of that answer. NOTE: I ve eliminated several questions that come from material we ll cover after next week, but this should give you a good feel for the types of questions I ll ask. I. Multiple choice. Select the best

More information

Evolution in Populations Worksheets

Evolution in Populations Worksheets Evolution in Populations Worksheets CK12 Editor Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive

More information

Homework. Antibiotic Resistance article and questions Study evolution flash cards for Vocab quiz on Friday!

Homework. Antibiotic Resistance article and questions Study evolution flash cards for Vocab quiz on Friday! Homework Antibiotic Resistance article and questions Study evolution flash cards for Vocab quiz on Friday! Learning Targets I can explain the theory of natural selection with an example. I can describe

More information

Modes of Natural Selection Guided Notes What is Natural Selection?

Modes of Natural Selection Guided Notes What is Natural Selection? What is Natural Selection? Natural selection is a random process in which an organism containing some desirable traits are most likely to survive and can reproduce in the environment in which it is living.

More information

Mathematical modelling of Population Genetics: Daniel Bichener

Mathematical modelling of Population Genetics: Daniel Bichener Mathematical modelling of Population Genetics: Daniel Bichener Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Haploid Genetics 4 2.1 Allele Frequencies......................... 4 2.2 Natural Selection in Discrete Time...............

More information

Biology Semester 2 Final Review

Biology Semester 2 Final Review Name Period Due Date: 50 HW Points Biology Semester 2 Final Review LT 15 (Proteins and Traits) Proteins express inherited traits and carry out most cell functions. 1. Give examples of structural and functional

More information

EVOLUTION. Evolution - changes in allele frequency in populations over generations.

EVOLUTION. Evolution - changes in allele frequency in populations over generations. EVOLUTION Evolution - changes in allele frequency in populations over generations. Sources of genetic variation: genetic recombination by sexual reproduction (produces new combinations of genes) mutation

More information

Homework Assignment, Evolutionary Systems Biology, Spring Homework Part I: Phylogenetics:

Homework Assignment, Evolutionary Systems Biology, Spring Homework Part I: Phylogenetics: Homework Assignment, Evolutionary Systems Biology, Spring 2009. Homework Part I: Phylogenetics: Introduction. The objective of this assignment is to understand the basics of phylogenetic relationships

More information

5/31/2012. Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter

5/31/2012. Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter Speciation and macroevolution - Chapter Objectives: - Review meiosis -Species -Repro. Isolating mechanisms - Speciation -Is evolution always slow -Extinction How Are Populations, Genes, And Evolution Related?

More information

Meeting Life s Challenges

Meeting Life s Challenges Meeting Life s Challenges Why do species go extinct? Short Answer- They were unable to meet life s challenges! Recall Living Organisms Must Obtain Nutrients Obtain & Conserve Water Eliminate Wastes Exchange

More information

Evolutionary change. Evolution and Diversity. Two British naturalists, one revolutionary idea. Darwin observed organisms in many environments

Evolutionary change. Evolution and Diversity. Two British naturalists, one revolutionary idea. Darwin observed organisms in many environments Evolutionary change Evolution and Diversity Ch 13 How populations evolve Organisms change over time In baby steps Species (including humans) are descended from other species Two British naturalists, one

More information

Major questions of evolutionary genetics. Experimental tools of evolutionary genetics. Theoretical population genetics.

Major questions of evolutionary genetics. Experimental tools of evolutionary genetics. Theoretical population genetics. Evolutionary Genetics (for Encyclopedia of Biodiversity) Sergey Gavrilets Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-6 USA Evolutionary

More information

Guided Notes: Evolution. is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms

Guided Notes: Evolution. is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms Guided Notes: Evolution The Theory of Evolution is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms How Have Organisms Changed? At the time life emerged, the Earth was

More information

Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions

Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions Part 2- Biology Paper 2 Inheritance and Variation Knowledge Questions AQA TRILOGY Biology (8464) from 2016 Topic T4.6 Inheritance, variation and evolution Topic Student Checklist R A G Describe features

More information